CRITICAL READING PAPER

Supporting Lecture : Prof. Dr. Mohammad Muhassain, S.S., M.Hum

Arranged by :
Restu Putri Hanifah (2311040087)
Sabrina Intan Maharani (2311040198)
Zahra Tussalma (2311040209)
Nazwa Aurelia (2311040073)

ENGLISH EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM

TARBIYAH AND TEACHING FACULTY
RADEN INTAN LAMPUNG STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY
2024
 A. Backcround
In the educational process, students are usually faced with the practice of scientific writing that
can enhance their reasoning abilities. This scientific writing process certainly requires several
references to assist in writing their academic papers. To obtain scientific information, students
are required to read, as reading is an activity that greatly supports writing. Without reading, the
information obtained will not be sufficient to complete an academic paper. However, it should be
noted that reading is not just about reading and copying everything read. As intelligent students,
any reading material must be critically evaluated. Critical reading is an activity that can enhance
understanding.
Students must critically read any material, such as scientific articles, popular articles, and
scientific books, as well as other reading materials available in various existing media. The result
of critical reading is a summary of the material read and critical comments on the ideas and
concepts in the related readings, relevant quotes, and the opinions of the authors of those
readings. By reading critically, the reading activity will be more meaningful and also very useful
for our writing activities. A good piece of writing provides knowledge to its readers. Therefore, if
you want to produce good writing, read more. Indeed, the best writers engage in a lot of reading
before they write.

B. Formulation of The Problem

1. What is meant by critical reading?
2. What are the ways to engage in critical reading?
3. What is an example of critical reading?

C. Writing Purpose
1.To know what critical thinking is
2.To know how to read critical thinking
3.To find out what examples of critical thinking are
 D. Discussion
Definition of Critical Reading
Critical Reading, in essence, is not just vocalizing written words but also involves visual,
cognitive, psycholinguistic, and metacognitive activities. Reading is a process undertaken and
utilized by the reader to obtain the message that the writer intends to convey through the medium
of words/written language. It is a process where groups of words, which form a unit, are seen in
a single glance, and the meaning of individual words can be understood (Isfar, 2013).
Critical reading is a technique for discovering information and ideas in a text. It identifies the
various ways in which each text is a unique product of a unique author. It also recognizes not
only what the text says but also how the text portrays the subject matter. After acknowledging
what the text says, it reflects on what the text does by making comments such as whether it offers
examples, argues, appeals for sympathy, or makes contrasts to clarify points. Finally, a critical
reader then concludes what the text, as a whole, means based on the previous analysis.
It can be concluded that critical reading generally refers to reading in an academic context, with
an eye towards identifying the text or author's point of view, arguments, and evidence. This
means evaluating what you read using your knowledge as a scholar. Critical reading means being
able to reflect on what the text says, what it explains, and what it means by examining the
writing style and structure, the language used, and the content.
A reader enhances critical reading skills by discussing what they read with others and listening to
their views. They may then find that their interpretation reveals new dimensions to the subject,
which expands their way of thinking about it. Such readers reflect these ideas when applying the
information in new situations. Critical reading skills can also give students the confidence to
investigate new sources of information.
Critical reading is a technique for discovering information and ideas in a text. It identifies the
various ways in which each text is a unique product of a unique author. It also recognizes not
only what the text says but also how the text portrays the subject matter. After acknowledging
what the text says, it reflects on what the text does by making comments such as whether it offers
examples, argues, appeals for sympathy, or makes contrasts to clarify points. Finally, a critical
reader then concludes what the text, as a whole, means based on the previous analysis.
It can be concluded that critical reading generally refers to reading in an academic context, with
an eye towards identifying the text or author's point of view, arguments, and evidence. This
means evaluating what you read using your knowledge as a scholar. Critical reading means being
able to reflect on what the text says, what it explains, and what it means by examining the
writing style and structure, the language used, and the content.
A reader enhances critical reading skills by discussing what they read with others and listening to
their views. They may then find that their interpretation reveals new dimensions to the subject,
which expands their way of thinking about it. Such readers reflect these ideas when applying the
information in new situations. Critical reading skills can also give students the confidence to
investigate new sources of information, such as reading books and materials from sources that
were not recommended, and learning about subjects that are not thoroughly taught anywhere.
These skills empower readers to abandon their usual ways and continue their studies determined
by their own goals and objectives. They enable readers to use the knowledge they acquire
through reading to help themselves.
As a result, critical reading ability is essential for effective communication, problem-solving, and
analysis in the humanities, and indeed, for any profession and field of study. Achieving this
ability requires ongoing practice and critical review by peers, mentors, and perhaps most
importantly, oneself. In any case, the same basic principles will help to make rigorous, well-
reasoned, and more engaging analyses and arguments.
How to Engage in Critical Reading
Critical reading is a vital skill that involves analyzing and evaluating texts to understand their
meaning and implications. Here are some ways to engage in critical reading:
1. Preview the Text: Before diving into the details, skim through the text to get an overview of
the main ideas, structure, and key points.
2. Ask Questions: Develop a questioning mindset while reading. Ask yourself questions like
"What is the author's main argument?", "What evidence supports this claim?", "Are there any
biases or assumptions?", etc.
3. Annotate: Take notes, underline important points, and jot down your thoughts as you read.
This helps in retaining information and engaging with the text actively.
4. Evaluate the Author's Credibility: Consider the author's expertise, biases, and the source of the
text. Understanding the author's background can provide insights into their perspective.
5. Identify the Main Argument: Look for the central thesis or argument of the text.
Understanding this core point will help you evaluate the supporting evidence and reasoning.
6. Examine Evidence: Assess the evidence presented in the text. Is it reliable, relevant, and
sufficient to support the author's claims? Look for logical fallacies or gaps in reasoning.
7. Consider Different Perspectives: Challenge your own assumptions and consider alternative
viewpoints. Compare the text with other sources to gain a broader understanding of the topic.
8. Reflect on Your Own Views: Connect the text to your own experiences, beliefs, and
knowledge. Reflect on how the text aligns or challenges your existing ideas.
9. Summarize and Synthesize: Summarize the main points of the text and synthesize the
information to form your own conclusions. Organize your thoughts and opinions based on your
critical analysis.
10. Engage in Discussions: Discuss the text with others to gain new insights and perspectives.
Sharing and debating ideas can enhance your critical thinking skills.
By incorporating these strategies into your reading routine, you can enhance your critical reading
skills and develop a deeper understanding of the texts you encounter.
How to Writing Critical Reading
Writing critically is an essential skill for expressing ideas and arguments clearly and logically.
Here are the steps for writing with critical thinking:
1. Understand the Topic Thoroughly:
- Conduct comprehensive research to understand the topic you are writing about.
- Read various sources to gain different perspectives.
2. Determine the Purpose of the Writing:
- Make sure you know the goal of your writing: to inform, persuade, or critique.
3. Create an Outline:
- Organize an outline that includes an introduction, main body, and conclusion.
- The introduction should grab attention and state the main thesis or argument.
- The main body should be divided into paragraphs, each addressing one point or supporting
argument.
- The conclusion should summarize the main points and restate the thesis.
4. Develop Logical and Evidence-Based Arguments:
- Use evidence from your research to support each argument.
- Avoid generalizations and ensure every statement is backed by data or credible sources.
5. Analyze and Evaluate Evidence:
- Explain how the evidence supports your argument.
- Compare and contrast with different viewpoints.
- Consider weaknesses or counter-arguments and respond logically.
6. Use Clear and Precise Language:
- Avoid unnecessary jargon or terms.
- Ensure each sentence is clear and to the point.
7. Edit and Review:
- Reread your writing to ensure there are no grammatical or spelling errors.
- Ensure the logical flow is clear and all arguments are presented coherently.
8. Seek Feedback:
- If possible, ask someone else to read your writing and provide feedback.
 - Use the feedback to improve your writing.
Example of a critical thinking outline:
Introduction:
- Introduce the topic and explain its relevance.
- State the main thesis or argument.
Main Body:
- Paragraph 1: First argument supported by evidence.
- Paragraph 2: Second argument supported by evidence.
- Paragraph 3: Analysis of opposing viewpoints and your response.
Conclusion:
- Summarize the main points.
- Restate the main thesis or argument.
- Possibly suggest further research directions or implications of the argument.
By following these steps, you can write with clear and convincing critical thinking.

Example of Critical Reading:

Suppose you are reading an article on climate change that argues for the immediate reduction of
carbon emissions to mitigate global warming. Here’s how you might engage in critical reading:
1. Preview the Text:
- Skim the article to get a sense of its structure and main points.
- Note headings, subheadings, and any highlighted or bolded text.
2. Ask Questions:
- What is the author's main argument?
- What evidence is provided to support this argument?
- Are there any underlying assumptions or biases?
3. Annotate:
- Underline key points and write notes in the margins.
- Highlight statistics, data, and quotes that support the author’s claims.
- Jot down your initial thoughts and reactions.
4. Evaluate the Author’s Credibility:
- Research the author's background to understand their expertise on the subject.
- Consider the publication source and its reputation.
- Identify any potential biases (e.g., political affiliations, funding sources).
5. Identify the Main Argument:
- The author’s main argument is that reducing carbon emissions is crucial for mitigating global
warming.
6. Examine Evidence:
- Assess the reliability and relevance of the provided data, such as scientific studies or expert
testimonies.
- Look for logical fallacies or unsupported claims.
- Consider if the evidence is recent and from reputable sources.
7. Consider Different Perspectives:
- Think about alternative viewpoints or counterarguments.
- Compare the article with other sources that may present different perspectives on climate
change.
8. Reflect on Your Own Views:
- Relate the information to your existing knowledge and beliefs about climate change.
- Reflect on how the article’s argument challenges or reinforces your views.
9. Summarize and Synthesize:
- Summarize the article’s main points and arguments in your own words.
- Combine this information with insights from other readings to form a well-rounded
understanding of the topic.
10. Engage in Discussions:
- Discuss the article with peers or in a study group.
- Share your critical analysis and hear others’ interpretations and viewpoints.
Example in Action:
Imagine you read a passage in the article stating, "The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change (IPCC) reports that we must reduce carbon emissions by 45% by 2030 to avoid
catastrophic climate impacts.
- Annotate: Highlight this statement and note, "Key claim: 45% reduction by 2030 – Check IPCC
report for accuracy."
- Evaluate Evidence: Look up the IPCC report to verify the claim and check the context of this
statistic.
- Ask Questions: Why 45%? What are the projected impacts if this target is not met?
- Consider Perspectives: Are there any experts who disagree with this target or propose different
solutions?
- Reflect: Think about your own understanding of climate change targets and how this
information fits into that framework.
By following these steps, you engage in a deeper, more critical reading process that enhances
your comprehension and evaluation of the text.
 E. Conclusion on Critical Reading
Critical reading is an active and interactive process that involves readers deeply evaluating and
analyzing a text. It is not just about understanding the content but also exploring the reasons
behind the author's presentation of ideas, as well as questioning and critiquing the arguments
presented.
Critical reading is about understanding how the writer conveys their ideas. This question aims
not only to discover the overall truth of what is said but also to uncover the reasons why the
writer says it. From the students' analysis, it can be seen that they successfully engage with the
text and have something to communicate back to the writer. Indeed, all groups share the same
opinion on the issue presented by the writer. Similarly, they consider the text weak in convincing
readers about the issue because the sources cited are not strong enough.
In critical reading, readers are required to:
1. Identify the main arguments: Understand the core of what the author is conveying.
2. Evaluate the evidence:Assess the strength and relevance of the evidence used to support the
arguments.
3. Understand the context: Be aware of the background and the author's purpose.
4. Compare perspectives: Consider other viewpoints and how the arguments hold up in a broader
context.
5. Develop a response: Form an informed stance and construct a response based on critical
analysis.
Critical readers do not just passively consume information; they actively engage with the text.
They recognize that interpretations can vary and that differing viewpoints are a crucial part of the
critical reading process. This awareness encourages them to discuss and write about their
thoughts, thereby enriching their understanding and perspective.
Thus, critical reading is an essential skill that helps readers become more analytical and
reflective, enhancing their ability to evaluate information and develop stronger arguments.
 F. Bibliography
Elfriza. 2013. Definition of Scientific Articles. http://elfriza.blogspot.com.
Isfar, Sulfiani. 2013. Critical Reading for Writing. http://sulfianiisfar.blogspot.com.
Pratama, Wira. 2014. Easy Ways to Write Popular Articles.
http://kiatmenjadipenulissukses.blogspot.com.
Rizal, Muhammad. 2012. Educational Scientific Articles. http://www.artikelbagus.com.