9/9/2016 Virtual Appliances Quick Start Guide ­ Bitnami documentation

Virtual Appliances Quick Start Guide

Modified 14:19, 5 May 2016 by marcos | Page History

1. How to start your Bitnami Virtual Appliance?

1.1. VMware ESX or ESXi
1.2. Virtual Box
2. How to log into the Bitnami Virtual Machine?
3. What is the password for root?
4. How to access the Bitnami Virtual Appliance?
5. How to change the user password?
6. How to enable sshd?
7. How to copy files in the Virtual Appliance?
8. How to configure your sshd server to support key based authentication?
9. How to increase the RAM memory?
10. How to configure the Firewall?
11. How to enable phpMyAdmin or phpPgAdmin?
12. How to ensure that my Bitnami Virtual Appliance is accessible from other machines?
13. How to configure the application IP/hostname?
14. How to increase the size of a virtual disk?
14.1. Workstation, Player or Server
14.2. ESX or vSphere
15. How to add a new virtual disk in your machine?
16. How to install VMware tools on Bitnami Virtual Appliances?
17. How to install VirtualBox Guest Additions on Bitnami Virtual Appliances?
18. How to install a FTP server?
19. How to install Webmin?
20. How to change the keyboard layout
21. How to enable desktop access
22. How to use Bitnami stacks with headless VirtualBox?

Bitnami Virtual Machine Images , also known as virtual appliances, contain a minimal Linux operating system and a fully installed
and configured Bitnami application Stack. This allows you to run the application without actually installing it on your computer’s
operating system. Using a virtualization platform, you can simply start and stop the Bitnami Virtual Machine Image whenever you
want to use the application. This allows you to keep it completely isolated from software installed on your machine.

After you download and extract a Bitnami Virtual Machine Image (the file is compressed to reduce the download size), it will be
ready to be deployed in your virtualization infrastructure. If you don’t already have a virtualization platform, or ‘hypervisor’,
installed, you can download either VMware Player or VirtualBox free of charge. Once you have one installed, you’ll be able to run
a Bitnami Virtual Machine Image.

Bitnami provides free virtual machines for popular open source applications. Visit our download page, select
your application of choice and then click on the download link.

How to start your Bitnami Virtual Appliance?

We currently offer Bitnami Virtual appliances as VMware virtual machines. In order to run them you need to have virtualization
software from VMware already installed, such as VMware Server or VMware Player. You can download them for free
atwww.vmware.com .

Bitnami appliances are distributed inside a compressed file, and you will need to extract them before being able to run them. After
that, simply launch your VMware server­console or your VMware Player and open the .vmx image that you can find into the
extracted folder.

VMware ESX or ESXi

If you want to run on VMware ESX or ESXi you can use the "vmkfstool" command line that you can find in your server host to
import/export the machine:
$ vmkfstools ‐i original.vmdk new.vmdk

Another option is to use the VMware vCenter Converter Tool to convert the machine to the .OVF format. Download a version
previous of 4.3, after this version the VMware Converter does not include this feature.
1. Choose the .vmx file from the uncompresed folder.
2. Select the destination type "Virtual appliance" and the distribution format "Folder of files".
3. Edit the Product Information and set the Product Name.

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Virtual Box
If you are using Virtual Box 4 or later, you would like to import the Virtual Appliance manually. You can do it following these
steps:

1. Create a new Virtual Machine and set that it is a Linux Ubuntu 64bit machine.

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2. Configure RAM to 512 or higher. For Ruby­based or Java­based applciations (f.e. Liferay, Alfresco, GitLab), we
recommendmore than 1Gb RAM.
3. Choose "existing hard disk" and select the Bitnami "vmdk" file. Be sure that you select the main one (without s00X in the
file name, not any of the other vmdk files: s001.vmdk, s002.vmdk, etc).
If you are using a previous VMware image with Ubuntu 10.10, go to Settings ­> System ­> Processor ­> Enable PAE. For
Ubuntu 12.04 images it is not necessary.
4. Check that the Network configuration is "Bridged Adapter" to have access from remote machines in your network.
5. Start your machine

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How to log into the Bitnami Virtual Machine?

Log in at the console using the default username "bitnami" with password "bitnami". The first time you log in, the machine will
request a new user password automatically. Use the "sudo" command to execute any command with root privileges.

If you would like to log in from a remote system using SSH, you must first enable SSH. Then, follow the steps below for your
platform.

Windows & PuTTY Linux and Mac OS X

Linux and Mac OS X come bundled with SSH clients by default.

Open a new terminal.
Connect to the server using the following command:
$ ssh bitnami@192.168.56.101
Remember to replace '192.168.56.101' with the network IP address or hostname of your virtual server.
Your SSH client might ask you to confirm the server's host key and add it to the cache before
connecting. Accept this request by typing or selecting "Yes" (learn more).
Enter the default password "bitnami" when prompted.
You should now be logged in to your virtual server.

What is the password for root?

It is not necessary to have a known password for the root in the Virtual Appliances. You can run any command as root user with
the "sudo" command. For example to check the servers status:
$ sudo /opt/bitnami/ctlscript.sh status

You have to specify the password for the "bitnami" user. You can also change to root user in the command prompt:
$ sudo su
# /opt/bitnami/ctlscript.sh status
If you want to specify a known root password for the Virtual Appliance, you can change follow these steps:
$ sudo su
# passwd

How to access the Bitnami Virtual Appliance?

The bundled Bitnami application is automatically started upon boot. You can access it from your browser
at http://aaa.bbb.ccc.ddd/ . You will need to substitute 'aaa.bbb.ccc.ddd' with the actual IP address picked up by your machine.

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This address is typically assigned to it by a DHCP server in your network. The IP address will be displayed on screen at the end of the
boot process.

Regarding the web application itself, the default user and password for the administrator of your application is "user" and the
password "bitnami" in most cases. The exact username and password are provided at the end of the boot process and it is
recommended that you change these values. You can do so from the application itself, as it varies from program to program.
You can also see your IP address by typing "ifconfig" in the command prompt after login in. If the machine does not show any IP
logging in address try to force reloading the IP:
$ sudo /etc/init.d/networking force‐reload

If your machine can not get a valid IP it is possible that you do not have a DHCP address or it is not configured to give IP addresses
to unknown machines. In this case you have two options: you can use the VMware DHCP server, or you can configure the network
manually.

If you want to use the VMware DHCP server, you can stop the machine, change the network settings to "NAT" instead of "BRIDGE"
and start the machine. This IP is internal so you have only access to the application from the same computer where the Virtual
Machine is running.

If you prefer to configure the network manually you can run the following commands in the Virtual Machine:

1. Your local network uses one of the following IP addresses:

192.168.X.X
172.X.X.X
10.X.X.X
2. Depending on your network configuration you should use a different netmask. If you know a free IP address in your local
network that the Virtual Machine could use, you can configure the network manually, for example:
$ sudo ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.234 netmask 255.255.255.0 up
3. You can access the web application from any computer of your network at 192.168.1.234.

How to change the user password?

It is recommended that you change the default user password in the Virtual Machine. This password is automatically requested
when you log into the virtual machine for the first time so it is likely that you have already changed it. You can also do so by logging
into the console and typing "passwd" at the shell prompt.

How to enable sshd?

Some applications like GitLab or Gitorious require to have SSH access to import the repositories. The "ssh" server is disabled by
default for Virtual Machines. You can enable the "ssh" server from the machine console as follows:
For Ubuntu
$ sudo mv /etc/init/ssh.conf.back /etc/init/ssh.conf
$ sudo start ssh

Now you can login from a different machine using "ssh" and the IP address of your Virtual Machine.

If you want to disable it you can use the reverse method:

For Ubuntu
$ sudo stop ssh
$ sudo mv /etc/init/ssh.conf /etc/init/ssh.conf.back

IMPORTANT: Before enabling the sshd server you should modify your default user password for security reasons. In the next
section, you can find more information on how to increase the server security.

How to copy files in the Virtual Appliance?

The most secure way to transfer files to the server is with SFTP or SCP. This section describes the process
using FileZilla (Windows, Linux and Mac OS X) and WinSCP (Windows).

First, ensure that you have enabled SSH on your virtual machine.
Then, depending on your preferred application, follow the steps below to connect to the server using SFTP or SCP.

FileZilla WinSCP
Download and install WinSCP .
Launch WinSCP and in the "Session" panel, select "SCP" as the server protocol.
Enter your server IP address and specify 'bitnami' as the user name.
The default password for the 'bitnami' user account is 'bitnami'. Enter this as the password; if you've
already changed it to a new password, enter that new password instead.

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From the "Session" panel, use the "Login" button to connect to the cloud server and begin an SCP
session.
You should now be logged into the /home/bitnami directory on the virtual machine. You can now transfer files
by dragging and dropping them from the local server window to the remote server window.
If you need to upload files to a location where the ‘bitnami’ user doesn't have write permissions, you have
two options:
Once you have configured WinSCP as described above, click the "Advanced..." button and within the
"Environment → Shell” panel, select "sudo su ­" as your shell. This will allow you to upload files using
the administrator account.

Upload the files to the /home/bitnami directory as usual. Then, connect via SSH and move the files to
the desired location with the "sudo" command, as shown below:
$ sudo mv /home/bitnami/uploaded‐file /path/to/desired/location/

How to configure your sshd server to support key based authentication?

You need to create the pair of keys (public and private keys) using the following command in the Virtual Machine:
$ ssh‐keygen
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/home/bitnami/.ssh/id_rsa):
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /home/bitnami/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /home/bitnami/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX bitnami@linux

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We strongly recommend that you set a long passphrase. Once you have executed this command, you can check that there are two
files in the /home/bitnami/.ssh/ folder:
$ ls /home/bitnami/.ssh
id_rsa id_rsa.pub

Save your private key (id_rsa file) in a secure location and do not share it with anybody.

Once you have the key pair ready, you need to enable access to the machine. It is only necessary to write the public key into the
/home/bitnami/.ssh/ file.

$ cd /home/bitnami/.ssh
$ cat id_rsa.pub >> /home/bitnami/.ssh/authorized_keys

Now edit the "/etc/ssh/sshd_config" file using the vi editor and uncomment (or add if not already present) the following lines:
RSAAuthentication yes
PubkeyAuthentication yes

To disable the basic authentication it is necessary to configure the following lines:

ChallengeResponseAuthentication no
PasswordAuthentication no
UsePAM no

Then reload the server configuration:

For Ubuntu
$ sudo /etc/init.d/ssh force‐reload
For openSUSE
$ sudo /etc/init.d/sshd force‐reload

copy your private key "id_rsa" file in your local machine from which you will access the virtual machine.
$ mkdir /home/your_user/.ssh
$ scp bitnami@virtual_machine_ip:/path/to/id_rsa /home/user/.ssh
$ chmod 0600 ‐R /home/user/.ssh

and try to access to the Virtual Machine:

$ ssh bitnami@IP_address
Enter passphrase for key '/home/user/.ssh/id_rsa':

And that's all. If you do not want to repeat the passphrase you can run ssh­agent and ssh­add commands to save it during the
session.

How to increase the RAM memory?

You can increase the RAM memory for the Virtual Machines using the settings tools in your VMware application. All machines have
512 MB by default but it is recommended that you increase it depending of the number of users and the application performance.
Recent versions of the Virtual Appliances include PAE kernel, which allows you to increase assigned RAM memory to more than 4Gb.
The optimal setting will also depend on the host machine capabilities and the number of Virtual Machines running at the same time.
A good practice is to share the RAM memory between the host and the Virtual Machine. For example, if your host machine has 2 GB
of RAM and you are only running one virtual machine, you can increase the RAM of the Virtual Machine to 1 GB. It is not advisable
to increase it more because at one point the host machine may run out of physical memory and use swap, decreasing overall
performance.

How to configure the Firewall?

The SuSe Firewall is enabled by default and the only ports open are 80, 443 and 22. In the RubyStack and JRubyStack virtual
appliances port 3000 is also open for development purposes by default.

In order to open a different port:

For Ubuntu
You should run:
$ sudo ufw allow $port
If you need to modify the firewall configuration you can find more information about it
athttps://help.ubuntu.com/community/UFW .

For openSUSE
You should include the port in the following line in the "/etc/sysconfig/SuSEfirewall2" file:
FW_SERVICES_EXT_TCP="22 80 443"

Then it is necessary to restart the firewall:

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$ sudo /etc/init.d/SuSEfirewall2_init restart
$ sudo /etc/init.d/SuSEfirewall2_setup restart

You can find more information about firewall configuration at http://en.opensuse.org/SuSEfirewall2 .

How to enable phpMyAdmin or phpPgAdmin?

You can the info at "How to enable_phpMyAdmin_or_phpPgAdmin_to_be_accessed_remotely"

How to ensure that my Bitnami Virtual Appliance is accessible from other machines?
Some Bitnami applications require you to reconfigure the IP/hostname if it changes during the boot.

If your Virtual Appliance seems to not be accessible from other machines, you should configure the application IP/hostname using
the 'bnconfig' tool.
$ sudo /opt/bitnami/apps/your_application/bnconfig

How to configure the application IP/hostname?

By default, Bitnami applications update their internal IP/hostname at boot time. However you may want to change it manually if
the Virtual Machine has changed its IP. For doing that, execute:
$ sudo /opt/bitnami/apps/your_application/bnconfig ‐‐machine_hostname <ip or hostname>

or if you want the tool setting the current Virtual Machine IP you can type only:
$ sudo /opt/bitnami/apps/your_application/bnconfig

Then try to access from a remote machine. Please ensure that your Virtual Machine network configuration is "Bridged". You can see
the /Virtual_Appliances_Quick_Start_Guide#How_to_access_the_Bitnami_Virtual_Appliance.3f.

How to increase the size of a virtual disk?

IMPORTANT: We recommend that you back up your virtual machine before increasing the size of virtual disks. Note that all
snapshots should be removed and the virtual machine stopped.

The approach to resize the disk could be different depending on the VMware product that you are using:

Workstation, Player or Server

These products ships a command line tool to resize the disk size: vmware­vdiskmanager. To resize the disk go to the folder where
you have your virtual machine and run the following command. The example below resizes the machine to 50Gb.
$ vmware‐vdiskmanager ‐x 50Gb bitnami‐wordpress‐3.8.1‐0‐ubuntu‐12.04.vmdk

ESX or vSphere
The comman line tool to resize the disk size is vmkfstools. Log in the ESX server and run the following command with your installed
machine:
$ vmkfstools ‐X 50G ‐d eagerzeroedthick /vmfs/volumes/cs‐ee‐symmlun‐001A/bitnami‐wordpress‐3.8.1‐0‐ubuntu‐12.04.vmdk

Extending a virtual disk only extends the virtual machine's disk. It is necessary to increase the size of the file Linux system within
the guest. To do this, it is necessary to boot the machine using a Live CD Linux so you are able to mount the root partition and
resize it. You can use an GParted Live CD.

­ Download latest version of GParted Live CD http://gparted.org/livecd.php

­ Change the boot order for your Virtual Machine and move the CD/DVD to the first one

­ Configure the CD/DVD option to load the previous downloaded iso

­ Start the machine

Now you can run the GParted tool and you can resize the Linux system partition. Apply the changes and reboot your machine. Note
that you can disable the CD/DVD to do not boot the GParted distribution.

How to add a new virtual disk in your machine?

This is a workaround for adding more space to your Virtual Server. You can create a new hard disk drive from your VMware
interface. It depends on your VMware virtualization platform (Server, Player, Workstation, ESX or VSphere) but the process is
similar for all of them.

­ Go the the machine "Settings" and add a new "hard drive", select the "SCSI" type and configure the disk size.

­ Then start the machine and run the following command to format the new disk:
$ sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb

­ Then create a new folder in your system where you are going to mount the disk, for example:
$ sudo mkdir /mnt/disk

­ Finally run the following commands to mount the new disk:

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$ echo "/dev/sdb /mnt/disk ext4 defaults 0 0" | sudo tee ‐a /etc/fstab
$ sudo mount ‐a

­ You can check the new hard disk is available now:

$ df ‐h

­ If you have a folder with a lot of data, you can move it to the new hard disk and create a symbolic link. For example:
$ sudo mv /opt/bitnami/apps/joomla/data /mnt/disk/data
$ ln ‐s /mnt/disk/data /opt/bitnami/apps/joomla/data

How to install VMware tools on Bitnami Virtual Appliances?

Before starting your Virtual Appliance, you should add a cdrom device to the machine if this device does not exist. If you have
VMware Workstation, VMware Player or you simply are using a web interface you can add easily a new cdrom device from your
Control Panel. The commands below are specific for openSUSE Virtual Appliances.

You should install the latest kernel, in case a new one has been released since the virtual machine was created. You can do so
issuing the following command:
$ sudo zypper update kernel‐default

If no newer version is found, the command will not take effect. If the zypper package tool installed a new kernel, you will need to
reboot the machine:
$ sudo reboot
Once the machine is started using the new Linux kernel, you can access the VMware tools. In the version of VMware that we tested
there is an option in the Control Panel: VM ­> Install VMware tools

This action simulates mounting a cdrom that includes the tools. Now it is necessary to mount the cdrom to install them:
$ sudo mkdir /mnt/cdrom
$ sudo mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom
$ cd /mnt/cdrom
$ sudo rpm ‐i VMwareTools‐*.rpm

Before running the VMware configuration tool it is necessary to install some dependencies:
$ sudo zypper install gcc make tar kernel‐source

Finally you can configure the VMware tools installed in the Bitnami Virtual Appliance.
$ sudo vmware‐config‐tools.pl

These steps are specific for openSUSE based appliances. If you are using the Ubuntu Virtual Appliance, there is no "rpm" tool
installed by default. Instead of using "rpm", you can uncompress the tarball:
$ sudo tar ‐xzvf VMwareTools*.tar.gz ‐C /tmp

Check your current kernel version:

$ uname ‐a
Linux linux 2.6.35‐28‐virtual #32‐Ubuntu SMP Fri Mar 28 08:10:02 UTC 2011 i686 GNU/Linux

Then install the same packages using the "apt­get" command:

$ sudo apt‐get update
$ sudo apt‐get install gcc make tar linux‐source linux‐headers‐kernel_version
$ cd /tmp/VMware*
$ sudo ln ‐s /lib/modules/kernel_version/build/include/generated/utsrelease.h /lib/modules/kernel_version/build/include/lin
$ sudo ln ‐s /lib/modules/kernel_version/build/include/generated/autoconf.h /lib/modules/kernel_version/build/include/linux
$ sudo ./vmware‐config‐tools.pl

How to install VirtualBox Guest Additions on Bitnami Virtual Appliances?

Before starting your Virtual Appliance, you should add a cdrom device to the machine if this device does not exist. You can add
easily a new cdrom device from the menu Machine ­> Settings ­> System on your virtual machine. The commands below are
specific for Ubuntu Virtual Appliances.

You should install some packages before installing VirtualBox guest additions. To do this, at first, check your current kernel version:
$ uname ‐a
Linux linux 3.2.0‐23‐virtual #36‐Ubuntu SMP Tue Apr 10 22:29:03 UTC 2012 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

Then, install the packages with the proper kernel_version shown by the previous command:
$ sudo apt‐get ‐y install dkms build‐essential linux‐headers‐kernel_version

After that, the virtual machine must be restarted:

$ sudo reboot

Once the machine is started again, you can access the Virtualbox guest additions. There is an option in the menu: Devices ­>
CD/DVD Devices ­> Choose a virtual CD/DVD disk file... Then, select the VBoxGuestAdditions.iso file (located in
/usr/share/virtualbox/ if you are using Linux or in C:\Program Files\Oracle\VirtualBox\VBoxGuestAdditions.iso in case you are using
Windows).

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This action simulates inserting a cdrom that includes the tools. Now it is necessary to mount the cdrom to install them:
$ sudo mkdir /mnt/cdrom
$ sudo mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom
$ cd /mnt/cdrom
$ sudo sh ./VBoxLinuxAdditions.run ‐‐nox11

Because the last command is being running with the ­­nox11 option, the following minor error will appear, after a while:
Installing the Window System drivers ...fail!
(Could not find the X.Org or XFree86 Window System.)

If the other tasks were completed with "done", VirtualBox Guest Additions have been successfully installed. You can check this in
the example below:
Verifying archive integrity... All good.
Uncompressing VirtualBox 4.1.22 Guest Additions for Linux.........
VirtualBox Guest Additions installer
Removing existing VirtualBox DKMS kernel modules ...done.
Removing existing VirtualBox non‐DKMS kernel modules ...done.
Building the VirtualBox Guest Additions kernel modules ...done.
Doing non‐kernel setup of the Guest Additions ...done.

Installing the Window System drivers ...fail!

(Could not find the X.Org or XFree86 Window System.)

How to install a FTP server?

IMPORTANT: Ideally, you should avoid using an FTP server or opening the FTP port to copy files to the virtual machine for security
reasons. If you wish to connect to the virtual machine remotely to transfer files, use SFTP or SCP instead.

Some applications use a FTP connection to download and install modules. Most of the Virtual Appliances already include the "vsftpd"
server configured to be accessed locally.

If you want to use it from your application these are the setting that you should use:
Hostname: 127.0.0.1
Username: bitnami
Password: the bitnami user password
Connection method: FTP
If your Virtual Appliance does not include FTP, you can install vsftpd server following these steps:

On Ubuntu:
$ sudo apt‐get update
$ sudo apt‐get install vsftpd

On openSuSE:
$ sudo zypper update
$ sudo zypper install vsftpd

Now the FTP server is running on your machine. For security reasons you should modify the configuration file to only listen requests
from the local machine. Add the following line at the end of the configuration file "/etc/vsftpd.conf". You can add it running the
following command:
$ echo ‐e "write_enable=YES\nlisten_address=127.0.0.1" | sudo tee ‐a /etc/vsftpd.conf

Then restart the service and that is all.

On Ubuntu:
$ sudo restart vsftpd

On openSuSE:
$ sudo /etc/init.d/vsftpd restart

The FTP credentials for the application will be the following:

Hostname: localhost
Port: 21
Username: bitnami
Password: bitnami user password in your machine
FTP Root: /opt/bitnami/apps/your_application/htdocs

How to install Webmin?

Webmin is a web­based interface for system administration for Unix. Using any modern web browser, you can setup user
accounts, Apache, DNS, file sharing and much more.

The steps below walk you through the process of installing and configuring Webmin in a Virtual Appliance or an AMI.

Login in the machine and download the latest stable version of webmin
fromhttp://sourceforge.net/projects/webadmin/files/webmin
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$ wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/webadmin/webmin/1.550/webmin‐1.550.tar.gz

Install the dependencies and uncompress the tarball by doing the following:
$ sudo apt‐get install perl5 libnet‐ssleay‐perl
$ tar ‐xzvf webmin‐*
$ cd webmin‐*

Run the installer and follow the installation steps. To start the installer:
$ sudo sh setup.sh

Once Webmin is installed, you can access it with the user/password that you set during the installation
athttp://YOUR_URL:10000 by default. Note that if you are running a Virtual Appliance, you should open the 10000 port in
the firewall by doing the following:
$ sudo ufw allow 10000

If you are installing Webmin on a cloud instance using a Bitnami AMI, you should also enable this port in the Amazon firewall.
You can find more info in the Bitnami Cloud Hosting FAQ.

Once you can access the Webmin application, you must configure it to manage the Bitnami servers. These are the configuration
files for MySQL and Apache servers:

/etc/webmin/mysql/config
date_subs=0
max_text=1000
perpage=25
stop_cmd=/etc/init.d/bitnami stop mysql >/dev/null 2>&1
mysqldump=/opt/bitnami/mysql/bin/mysqldump
nodbi=0
mysql_libs=/opt/bitnami/mysql/lib
max_dbs=50
start_cmd=/etc/init.d/bitnami start mysql >/dev/null 2>&1 &
mysql_data=/var/lib/mysql
mysqlimport=/opt/bitnami/mysql/bin/mysqlimport
access=*: *
style=0
my_cnf=/opt/bitnami/mysql/my.cnf
mysqlshow=/opt/bitnami/mysql/bin/mysqlshow
mysql=/opt/bitnami/mysql/bin/mysql
nopwd=0
add_mode=1
passwd_mode=0
blob_mode=0
mysqladmin=/opt/bitnami/mysql/bin/mysqladmin

/etc/webmin/apache/config
link_dir=/opt/bitnami/apache2/conf/sites‐enabled
test_manual=0
show_list=0
mime_types=/opt/bitnami/apache2/conf/mime.types
access_conf=/opt/bitnami/apache2/conf/access.conf
auto_mods=1
stop_cmd=/etc/init.d/bitnami stop apache
virt_file=/opt/bitnami/apache2/conf/sites‐available
test_apachectl=1
max_servers=100
srm_conf=/opt/bitnami/apache2/conf/srm.conf
httpd_dir=/opt/bitnami/apache2
start_cmd=/etc/init.d/bitnami start apache
show_order=0
test_always=0
httpd_conf=/opt/bitnami/apache2/conf/httpd.conf
defines_file=/opt/bitnami/apache2/bin/envvars
apachectl_path=/opt/bitnami/apache2/bin/apachectl
show_names=0
test_config=1
apply_cmd=/opt/bitnami/apache2/bin/apachectl graceful
httpd_path=/opt/bitnami/apache2/bin/httpd

You can then access the Webmin application and click the "Refresh Modules" button. You can now see the "Apache Webserver" and
"MySQL Database Server" in the Servers tag.

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How to change the keyboard layout

You can use the dpkg­reconfigure tool to change the keyboard layout.
sudo dpkg‐reconfigure keyboard‐configuration

How to enable desktop access

You need to install ubuntu­desktop and modify the lightdm configuration to allow the desktop access using the bitnami user.
sudo apt‐get update
sudo apt‐get install ubuntu‐desktop

When finished the installation process, edit the lightdm configuration file /usr/share/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d/50‐
ubuntu.conf), and add the following line at the botton
greeter‐show‐manual‐login=true

There could be problems with permissions in hidden files in the bitnami user's home directory. To fix it, execute the following
command
sudo chown bitnami:bitnami /home/
sudo chown ‐R bitnami:bitnami /home/bitnami/.*

Then reset your Virtual Machine. Next time it's started, you will see the login string, and you will be able to login using bitnami (do
not use bitnamiftp) as username and your password (also bitnami if you haven't changed it).

How to use Bitnami stacks with headless VirtualBox?

Bitnami stacks can also be used with VirtualBox running in headless mode. To do this, follow the steps below on your VirtualBox
host:

Convert the VMDK file for the Bitnami stack into a VirtualBox Disk Image (VDI) file:
$ VBoxManage clonehd ‐‐format VDI bitnami‐APP‐VERSION.vmdk myserver.vdi
Create and register a new virtual machine.
$ VBoxManage createvm ‐‐name "My Server" ‐‐ostype "Ubuntu_64" ‐‐register
It is important to choose the correct operating system type when doing this. For a complete list of available operating system
types, use the command below:
$ VBoxManage list ostypes
Add a storage device and attach the VDI file created earlier to it.
$ VBoxManage storagectl "My Server" ‐‐name "SATA Controller" ‐‐add sata ‐‐controller IntelAHCI
$ VBoxManage storageattach "My Server" ‐‐storagectl "SATA Controller" ‐‐port 0 ‐‐device 0 ‐‐type hdd ‐‐medium myserver

Define other characteristics of the virtual machine, such as the boot device, available RAM and network interfaces. The
commands below are illustrative only and will need to be modified for your specific hardware devices. For more information on
how to configure your virtual machine with VBoxManage, please refer to the VirtualBox manual .
$ VBoxManage modifyvm "My Server" ‐‐ioapic on
$ VBoxManage modifyvm "My Server" ‐‐boot1 disk ‐‐boot3 none ‐‐boot4 none
$ VBoxManage modifyvm "My Server" ‐‐memory 512 ‐‐vram 64
$ VBoxManage modifyvm "My Server" ‐‐nic1 bridged ‐‐bridgeadapter1 "11b/g Wireless Adapter"
Start the virtual machine in headless mode:
$ VBoxHeadless ‐‐startvm "My Server"

The virtual machine will be accessible using RDP. You can use any RDP viewer to connect and work with the virtual machine. For
more information on available RDP viewers for your host platform and how to connect, refer to the VirtualBox manual .
TIP: When connecting to your headless VirtualBox machine with an RDP client, remember to use the IP address of the host
system and not the VirtualBox machine.

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