Subject Index
Absolute restraint, 51
Acceleration, doctrine of, 105
Accessions, 2,32.
Accretions, 342
Accumulations, 85
Actionable claims, lxxxi, 4
Advancement, 124
Advantages, latent in
leased property, 347
Affirmative covenant, 58, 60
Age, transfer to members of a class
attaining particular age, 93, 94
Agreement to sell Spes, 26
Agricultural lease, 309
Aids, 14
Alienation
persons with limited power of, 39
restraint on, 51
right under Hindu law, lxxix
right under Muhammedan
law, lxxx
Alienatio rei praefertur
juri accrescendi, 51
Allegans contraria non
est audiendus, no
Ambulatory Will, 12
Anglo Saxons, 12
Animus revocandi, 457
Anomalous mortgage, 216
Appointment of receiver, 247
Apportionment, 115
Attached to earth, 4
Attachment, 137
Auxilia, 14
Bailment, lxxvii
Baridar’s right, 25
Benami transaction, 125,126
Beneficiary, rights of, 451
Burgage tenure, 14
Caveat emptor, 177
Chance of succession, 24
Charge, 124, 300
Chattel, 11
Chattel real, n
Class, transfer in favour of, 80
Co-beneficiary, 452
Common fund, property
acquired by, 160
Co-mortgagor, redemption by, 292
Compensation, 131
Compromise and lis pendens, 138
Conditional sale, mortgage by, 197
Conditional transfers, 101
Condition precedent, 84, 90, 99
Condition subsequent, 84, 100
Conflict of rights, 121
Consolidation of
mortgages, 249, 273
Constructive trusts, 454
Contingent interest, 90, 91
Contingent remainder, 32,74
464 LAW OF TRANSFER OF PROPERTY
Contingent transfer, 90
Contract for sale, 174
Contract of sale, 170
Contract to contrary, 178
Contribution, 292
Convey and transfer, 267
Co-owners, 151
Co-ownership, 151
Coparcener, 20, 151
Copyhold Act, 1894, 13
Court auction purchaser,
covenant binding on, 60
Court of Wards, 23
Covenants
implied in mortgage, 223
positive and negative, 60
running with land, 62
Crops, away going, 344
Crown Grants Act, 1895, lxxxiii
Cujus est dare ejus est
disponere, 103
Cypres, doctrine of, 72
Debts, transfer of, 45
Defeasance, 102, 103
Defects, 178
in property leased, 339
Delivery, 172
Demesne, 13
Dependent relative revocation, 457
Deposit of title deeds, 212
Destruction
of property, 130
of will, 457
Determination of lease, 339
Devolution of rights in English
and Indian law, 12
Doctrine of
acceleration, 105
cypres, 72
election, 109
fraudulent transfer, 141
Doctrine of (contd.)
part performance, 157
promissory estoppel, 6
suspension of rent, 340
Doctrine of lis pendens, 135
Dominant heritage, 33, 405
Donatio mortis causa, lxxix
Double possibility, rule against, 66
Duration of
lease, 321
period of tenancy, 331
Earnest money, 190
Easement, 33, 389
acquisition of, 394
Easements Act, 1882, lxxxi
imposition of, 393
incidents of, 406
kinds of, 391
law relating to, 389
Election, 109
Eminent Domain Theory, 10
Encumbrancer, 271
English law, lxxx, 11
classification of property, 11
English mortgage, 208
Entailed estates, 15, 17
Equitable contingent remainder, 74
Equitable interest, 22
Equitable mortgage, 212
Equitable rights, 75
Equity of redemption, 9
Equity takes as done what
ought to be done, 31
Escheat, 14
Estate, 16
classification of, 16
words of, 17
for life, 17, 18
for term of years, 15
in future, 31, 32
in praesenti, 31
in tail, 18
 SUBJECT INDEX 465

Estoppel, 126, 146 Future (contd.)

Et clausulae inconsuet semper interests, 24
inducunt suspicionen, 142 maintenance, 34
Et done clandestine sunt property, 22
semper suspiciosa, 142
Ex dolo malo non oritur actio, 145 Gavelkind, 15
Executory devices, 76 Gifts, 373
Executory interests, 32, 74 under Muhammedan Law, lxxx
Executory trust, origin of, 74 Good faith, 131
Ex turpi causa non oritur actio, 145 Goods, 4
Grand sergeantry, 14
Family arrangement, 20 Grass, 4
Fealty, 14 Growing crops, 4
Fee simple, 16
Feudalism, 12 Hindu Disposition of Property
what is, 12 Act, 1916, Lxxxin
Feudal services, 13 Hindu law, lxxvii
kinds of, 14 Historical perspective, lxxvii
Fine, 13 Holdingout, 125
Fixtures, 5 Holding over, 332
Floating charge, 300 Holding under power of attorney
Forbidden contract and part and part performance, 160
performance, 164 Holographic will, 456
Foreclosure, 241 Homage, 14
Forfeiture, 14
of lease, 359
Immovable
Formalities of lease, 320
meaning of, 4
Frankalmoign, 14
Immovable property, 3, 5, 9, 170
Fraud, 145
definition of, 5
proof of, 139
importance of, 9
Free alms, 14
Imperfect interests, 24
Free enjoyment, restriction on, 57
Implied covenants in mortgage, 223
Freehold, 15
Implied waiver, 362
and leasehold, 15
Improvements, 130, 236
estate, 15
and accessions, 236
tenant, 13
Indian Contract Act, 1872, lxxxi
tenure, 13
kinds of, 14 Indian Succession Act, 1925, lxxxi
Free services, 13 Indivisibility of mortgage, 264
Free tenure, 15 Infeudation, 12
Future In gross, 70
debts, 195, 196 Insolvent as ostensible owner, 125
466 LAW OF TRANSFER OF PROPERTY

hi specie, n Limitation, words of, 16

Insurance, 1x9 Lis pendens, 132, 136
Insurance policy, 129 Livery of seisin, 13
Intangible property, 170 Lord of the manor, 13
Interest in land, 4 Lunatic, competence to transfer, 39
Inter-vivos, 19
Maintenance, 124
Joint right to, 34
ownership, 151 future, 34
tenancy, 151 Manor, 13
transferees, 154 Manorial court, 13
Jus accrescendi, 151 Manufacturing purpose, 324
Justice, equity and good Marana Patra, lxxix
conscience, lxxxi Marana Sasanam, lxxix
Married women, restraint
Kinds of mortgages, 195 on alienation, 53
Marshalling, 191
contribution, 292
Land, 5
Mesne lords, 12
Land and goods, 11
Mesne mortgage, 279, 280
Latent defects, 339
Military
Law of Property
services, 14
Act, 1925, 13, 16, 17
tenure, 14
Lay tenure, 14
Mineral
Lease, lxxviii, 309, 310
rights, 311
and licence, 315
Mortgage
delivery of possession, 320
by conditional sale, 197
determination of, 339
by deposit of title deeds, 212
duration of, 321
charge amounts to, 300
Leasehold, 11, 17
consolidation of, 249, 273
Legal rights, 75 definition of, 195
Lessor equity of redemption, 9
and lesee, 310 formalities for creating, 217
rights of, 340 general considerations
right to transfer, 350 in relation to, 223
Licence, licensor and licensee, 317 immovable property, 9
License, lxxviii implied covenants, 223
Licet dispositio de interesse futuro sit indivisibility of, 264
inutilis tatnen fieri potest declaratio types of, 195
praecedens quae sortiatur effectum Mortgagee
interveniente novo actu, 24 in possession, rights and
Lien, 304 liabilities of, 223, 247
Life estate, 22 liabilities of, 225
 SUBJECT INDEX 467

Mortgagee (contd.) Payment

priority between, 272 in good faith, 130
rights of, 238 into court, 192
Mortgagor, 252 Pendente lite transfers, 133
in possession, rights and Pensions, 36
liabilities of, 223, 247 Per autre vie, 17
mortgagee’s right against Periodic lease, 312
person of, 238
Period of tenancy, duration of, 336
rights of, 231
Permanent lease, 312
Movable property, 3, 9
Perpetual lease, 320
definition of, 3
Perpetuity, rule against, 69
Muhammadan Law, lxxxii
Person
Mussalman Wakf Validity
competent to contract, 38
Act, 1913, 93
entitled to redeem, 268
Personal action, n
Negative and positive covenants, 60 Personal enjoyment, 23
Nemo dat quod non habet, 125 Personal inams, 34
Nemo est haeres viventis, 25 Personalty, n
Norman Conquest, 12 Petty sergeantry, 14
effects of, 12 Piece meal redemption, 264
land law before, 12 Positive and negative covenants, 60
Notice, 324 Possession of leased property, 340
in cases of lease, 324,
Post obit gifts, lxxix, 12
33*, 358, 3^1
Pre-emption suit and
pendente lite, 139
Occupancy right, 23 Premium, 314
Office, 23 and rent, 314
Onerous gift, 379 Price, 171
Onus of proving fraud, 139 Principle of equity, 118
Open contract, 178 Principle of subrogation, 154
Oral transfers, 218 Principle of substitution, 153
Ostensible owner, 125 Priority between mortgagees, 274
Ownership, transfer of, 172 Privity of estate, 345
Profit a prendre, 6, 7
Pari delicto potior estconditio Profits and rents, 204
possidentis, 145 Proof of fraud, 141
Partial redemption, 265 Property, 3, 21, 22
Partition, 20 categorisation of, 3
Part performance immovables, 3
doctrine of, 157 movables, 3
power of attorney, holding destruction of, 130
under and, 160 transferable, 19
468 LAW OF TRANSFER OF PROPERTY

Property (contd.) Restricted interest, 34

transfer of right to enjoy, 311 Restriction on free enjoyment, 57
rules of, 19 Restrictive covenants, 60
Public office, 36 Resulting use, 75
Puisne mortgage, 217 Reversions, 32, 66
Purchase Revocation of will, 457
money, 172 Right
words of, 15 and liabilities of buyer
and seller, 176
Quia Emp tores, 12 future maintenance, 23
inheritance, 26
Quiet enjoyment of leased
property, 341 lessor and lessee, 337
maintenance, 34
Quiet rent, 14
mesne profits, 35
Qui ignorare non debuit quod
mortgagee, 233, 238
jus alienum emit, 177
mortgagor, 251
Qui prior est tempore potior
pre-emption, 34
est jure, 121,275
redeem, 251
Quod dolosus vesatur in
re-entry, 32, 33
generalibus, 142
remove structures, 344
Quod nullius est id ratione naturali
sue, 23, 35
occupanti concedictur, 121
Right of ownership, lxxvii
consists of, lxxvii
Real action, 11 right of use and
Real Property Amendment enjoyment, lxxvii
Act, 1925, 12 right to destroy, lxxvii
Realty, n right to possess, lxxvii
Reasonable wear and tear, 348 right to transfer, lxxvii
Record of rights, 10 Right of redemption, 252
Redeem up and foreclose down, 279 Right of use and enjoyment, lxxvii
Redemption, 9, 251 Right to destroy, lxxvii
Re-entry, right of, 23, 32, 33 Right to possess, lxxvii
Registration, 172, 217, 218 Right to transfer, lxxvii
Relief, 14 Rule against
Relinquishment of lease, 345 double possibility, 66
Remainders, 31, 32, 66, 84 perpetuity, 69
Remoteness, rule against, 70 remoteness, 70
Rent, 310, 314 Rule against perpetuity
time and place of payment, 339 principle of, 69
Repairs to property leased, 343
Representative character, 144 Salary, 23
Repugnancy, 102 Sale of Goods Act, lxxxi
Restraint on alienation, 51 Sale of immovable property, 170
 SUBJECT INDEX 469

Sale without intervention of court Tenant (contd.)

of mortgage property, 245 holding over, 332
Scope and object of, TPA, lxxxii in capita, 12
Scutage, 14 in common, 153
Seisin, 66 in possession, 12
Seisin per my et per tout, 151 in possession and part
Seller, rights and liabilities of, 176
performance, 173
Service inams, 36 Tenants, 151
Tender, 269
Servient heritage, 33
Tenure in sergeantry, 14
Share transfer, 147
kinds of, 14
Shifting interests, 73
Termor, 15, 313
Shifting use, 75
Terre tenant, 12
Simple mortgage, 197
Testamentary disposition, lxxix, 12
Socage tenure, 14
Testamentary instruments, lxxx
Specific Relief Act, 1963, 10
Testamentary power, lxxix
Spes successions, 24
Testamentary succession, lxxxii
Springing interests, 73
Timber, 4
Springing use, 75
Time and place of payment
Standing timber, 8, 9
of rent, 339
State Government’s power to
Title to property, sold, 182
extend or restrict Act, lxxxi
Transfer
Statute of Uses, 1535, 13
and convey, 267
Statute of Wills, 1540, 13
by co-owners of share, 156
Statutory tenant, 332 by operation of law, lxxxii
Stipends, 36 by person having distinct
Stridhanam, lxxix interests, 155
Structures, right to remove, 344 effects of, 40
Sub-infendation, 12 for necessity, 122
Sub-lease, 310, 354 in favour of a class, 80, 86
Sub-mortgage, 217 of immovable property, lxxxi
Subrogation, 280 of Property, lxxxi
(Amendment) Act,
Surrender of lease, 345, 352
1929, LXXXIII
Suspension of rent, doctrine of, 340
Transfer of Property
Act, 1882, LXXXI
Tangible property, 170 application to
Tenancy Muslims, lxxxiii
at will, 312,324 extent, lxxxi
for term, 313 if exhaustive, lxxxii
kinds of, 312 objects of, lxxxii, lxxxiii
Tenant scope of, lxxxiii, 11
at sufferance, 330 with conditions, 99
chief, 12 Transferable interest, 27
470 LAW OF TRANSFER OF PROPERTY
Transferable property, 19, 27
Transferee, persons disqualified
from being, 40
Transfer of property
restrictions on, 23
classification, 23
personal right, 23
public policy, 23
unborn person, rules
governing , 65
Transferor, all interests of, 42
Trees, 8
Trust, 172, 434
creation of, 440
Trustee
disabilities of, 449
duties of, 444
grounds for appointment
of new, 452
liabilities of, 446
powers of, 448
rights of, 446
Unborn persons, 19
Under-lessee, 360
Undivided family, 151
Undivided ownership, 151
Unfree services, 13
Unfree tenure, 13
Universal donee, 380
Unlawful transfers, 23
Usufructuary mortgage, 204
Vested interest, 90, 97
Vested remainders, 32
Villeins, 13
Waiver, 362
Wardship, 14
Wear and tear, 339
Who can transfer, 38
Wills, 456
under Hindu law, lxxvii,
lxxix, LXXX
under Muhammedan law, lxxx
Wills Act, 1837, 13
Words
of limitation, 15
of purchase, 15
Zuripeshgi lease, 207, 226
Zuripeshgi mortgage, 284