AS 21.

Name: [ ] Grade:
Class: 4E Date: Duration: 1 hour

Introduction to Organic Chemistry

Level 2: Intermediate

SECTION A: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1 Which of the following statements is true?

A Biodiesel is an alternative fuel to petroleum.

B Biogas is produced when organic matter decays in air.
C Natural gas is a renewable source of energy.
D Petroleum can be separated by simple distillation.

2 Naphtha is one of the fractions obtained in the fractional distillation of crude oil.
Why is the production of naphtha usually very high?

A Crude oil contains a high amount of naphtha.

B Crude oil cracks easily to produce naphtha.
C It is the main feedstock for the chemical industry.
D It is used as fuel for motor cars.

3 Four fractions are collected from the fractional distillation of a sample of crude oil. The fractions are
numbered according to the order in which they were collected and their colours recorded in the table
below.
Fraction Colour
1 pale yellow
2 yellow
3 brown
4 dark brown
Which of the following statements is correct?

A Fraction 1 evaporates most easily.

B Fraction 2 is less flammable than Fraction 3.
C Fraction 3 burns with a less smoky flame than Fraction 1.
D The molecules in Fraction 4 are smaller than those in Fraction 2.

4 In how many of the following can paraffin (kerosene) be used as the energy source?
aircraft air conditioning units cars
domestic cooking heavy lorries power stations
N2008 P1 Q34
A 1 B 2
C 3 D 4
Page 1 of 6
5 The diagram shows the apparatus used for the fractional distillation of petroleum.

Which statement about the fractional distillation of petroleum is correct?

N2009 P1 Q34
A At each level in the column, only one compound is collected.
B The higher up the column, the greater the temperature.
C The molecules collected at the bottom of the column are the most flammable.
D The molecules reaching the top of the column have the smallest relative molecular masses.

6 Which of the following statements about homologous series is not correct?

A The boiling points of the members increase with increasing relative molecular mass.
B The members can be represented by the same general formula.
C The members have different chemical properties.
D The relative molecular masses of consecutive members differ by 14.

7 Which of the following statements about homologous series is not correct?

A They have the same functional group.

B They undergo similar chemical reactions.
C They have the same molecular mass.
D There is a gradual change in their boiling points down the series.

8 The compound C6H10 is a member of a hydrocarbon homologous series. What can be the
first possible member of this series with the smallest relative molecular mass?

A C2H2 B C2H3
C C2H4 D C2H6

Page 2 of 6
 9 Which of the following structures are isomers?
1 2 3
H H
H H H H H H H H H H H H H H
H C C H
H C C C C C C H H C C C C C C H C C
H H H H H C C H
H H H H H H H H
H H
A 1 and 2 only
B 2 and 3 only
C 1 and 3 only
D 1, 2 and 3 only

10 The structural formulae of some compounds are given below:

formula 1 formula 2 formula 3 formula 4

Which formulae represent compounds that are isomers of each other?
A 1 and 2
B 1 and 3
C 2 and 4
D 3 and 4

SECTION B: STRUCTURED QUESTIONS

1. Natural gas and crude oil are examples of fossil fuels. Natural gas consists mostly of methane and other
small alkanes. Crude oil consists of a mixture of small and large hydrocarbons.

The diagram below shows the composition of the products that can be obtained from crude oil.

Page 3 of 6
 (a) Using the data above, explain the advantages of using
(i) natural gas as a fuel over crude oil [4]

(ii) crude oil as a fuel over natural gas [3]

(b) Suggest how natural gas could be separated into its different components. [1]

2. Octane, C8H18 and hexadecane, C16H34 are found in petrol and ship fuel respectively.
The equation for the complete combustion of octane is as follows:
2C8H18(l) + 25O2(g) → 16CO2(g) + 18H2O(g)
(a) Show that hexadecane contains a higher percentage of carbon by mass than octane. [2]
Percentage by mass of carbon in C8H18 = 100% = 84.2%
Percentage by mass of carbon in C16H34 = 100% = 85%
Hexadecane has a higher percentage of carbon than octane.

(b) Write a balanced equation, with state symbols, for the complete combustion of hexadecane.
[1]

.
(c) Using the equations for the combustion of the two fuels, explain why hexadecane burns with a
smokier flame than octane. [3]

(d) Name two fuels that can be used as alternatives to crude oil. [1]

Page 4 of 6
3. The diagram below shows a fractionating column for the separation of crude oil.

(a) The properties of three fractions diesel, naphtha and petrol, are given in the table below.
Match the fractions with the labels A, B and C in the diagram. [1]

fraction number of carbon atoms boiling A, B or C

o
per molecule point / C
diesel 13-20 280-360
naphtha 7-14 90-150
petrol 5-11 50 to 230
(b) Give two pieces of evidence to show why the fractions diesel, naphtha and petrol are classified
as mixtures. [2]

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

(c) Cracking is carried out on naphtha to produce other compounds. The table below shows some
information on the yields of the products from a cracking plant.

product % yield
hydrogen 1
methane 15
ethene 32
propene 16
C4 hydrocarbons 11
C5 to C8 hydrocarbons 25

(i) Cracking is often described as a key source of alkenes.

Use the information given to support the above statement. [1]

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

Page 5 of 6
 (ii) Suggest a reason why the data for C4 hydrocarbons and C5 to C8 hydrocarbons are
grouped together, whereas the data for the first few products are given individually.
[2]

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

(iii) Suggest one use each for ethene and the C5 to C8 hydrocarbons. [2]

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

4. Alkanes combust readily in air when ignited. The table below gives information about the enthalpy
change of combustion of the above compound and other compounds in the same homologous series.
number of carbon enthalpy change of
organic compound
atoms combustion in kJ/mol
CH3CH3 2 -1560
CH3CH2CH3 3 -2220
CH3CH2CH2CH3 4 -2870
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 5

(i) Predict the enthalpy change of combustion of the member, CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3, in kJ/mol.

(ii) Describe the general trend in the enthalpy changes of combustion shown by the data in the
table above.

Page 6 of 6