NCERT POLITY TEST

1. (c)
Solution:
● The President of India is elected by indirect election, i.e. by an electoral college, in
accordance with the system of proportional representation by means of a single
transferable vote, and the voting is by secret ballot. The Electoral College consists
of:
▪ Elected Members of the both the Houses of Parliament.
▪ Elected members of Legislative Assemblies of States.
▪ Elected members of the legislative assemblies of the Union Territories of
Delhi and Puducherry (included by 70th Constitutional Amendment Act,
1992).
● This implies, that the following members are not allowed to vote in the Presidential
election:
▪ Nominated members of the Lok Sabha.
▪ Nominated members of the Rajya Sabha.
▪ Nominated members of the Legislative Assemblies of State.
▪ Elected and Nominated members of the Legislative Councils of States.
▪ Nominated members of the Legislative Assembly of Delhi & Puducherry.
2. (c)
Solution:
▪ In order to be qualified for election as President, a person must:
▪ be a citizen of India
▪ have completed 35 yrs. of age
▪ be qualified to contest elections as a member of the Lok Sabha (House of
the People)
▪ not hold any office of profit under the Government of India or the
Government of any State or any local or other authority subject to the control
of any of the said Government.
3. (c)
Solution:
● The Vice-President as the ex-officio Chairman of Rajya Sabha (article 54) In this
capacity, his powers and functions are similar to those of the Speaker of Lok
Sabha.
● The Vice-President acts as President when a vacancy occurs in the office of the
President due to his resignation, removal, death or otherwise.
● He can act as President only for a maximum period of six months within which a
new President has to be elected [article 62(2)].
● Further, when the sitting President is unable to discharge his functions due to
absence, illness or any other cause, the Vice-President discharges his functions
until the President resumes his office.
● While acting as President or discharging the functions of President, the Vice-
President does not perform the duties of the office of the chairman of Rajya Sabha.

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 During this period, those duties are performed by the Deputy Chairman of Rajya
Sabha.
4. (d)
Solution:
● The Vice-President of India may be removed from his office by a resolution of the
council of states passed by a majority of all the then members of the council and
agreed to by the House of the People (article 67).
● The Vice-President shall, not withstanding the expiration of his term, continue to
hold office until his successor enters upon his office (article 67).
● An election to fill a vacancy caused by the expiration of the term of office of Vice-
President shall be completed before the expiration of the term [article 68(1)].

5. (a)

Solution
● Statement 1 is correct: The Emergency provisions are contained in Part XVIII of
the Constitution, from Articles 352 to 360. There types of emergencies are:
o Article 352: An emergency due to war, external aggression or armed
rebellion.
o Article 356: An Emergency due to the failure of the constitutional machinery
in the states.
o Article 360: Financial Emergency due to a threat to the financial stability or
credit of India.
● Statement 2 is incorrect: The proclamation of Emergency must be approved by
both the Houses of Parliament within one month from the date of its issue.
Originally, the period allowed for approval by the Parliament was two months, but
was reduced by the 44th Amendment Act of 1978.

6. (d)

Solution
● Statement 1 is incorrect: If the President is satisfied that a situation has
developed that prevents a state's administration from continuing in conformity with
the Constitution, he or she may issue a proclamation pursuant to Article 356.
Notably, the president may decide whether to act based on the state governor's
report or not (i.e., even without the governor's report).
● Statement 2 is incorrect: Article 365 says that whenever a state fails to comply
with or to give effect to any direction from the Centre, it will be lawful for the

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 president to hold that a situation has arisen in which the government of the state
cannot be carried on in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution.

7. (b)

Solution
● Statement 1 is incorrect: Articles 358 and 359 describe the effect of a National
Emergency on the Fundamental Rights. Article 358 deals with the suspension of
the Fundamental Rights guaranteed by Article 19, while Article 359 deals with the
suspension of other Fundamental Rights (except those guaranteed by Articles 20
and 21).
● Statement 2 is correct: In normal times, the Centre can give executive directions
to a state only on certain specified matters. However, during a national emergency,
the Centre becomes entitled to give executive directions to a state on ‘any’ matter.
● Statement 3 is correct: During a national emergency, the Parliament becomes
empowered to make laws on any subject mentioned in the State List. Although the
legislative power of a state legislature is not suspended, it becomes subject to the
overriding power of the Parliament.

8. (c)

Solution
● Statement 1 is correct: The very basic unit of the Panchayati system is the Gram
Sabha. It has been defined by Article 243(b) of the Constitution as the body of all
the persons registered on the electoral rolls of a village.
● Statement 2 is correct: Article 243B provides for the establishment of a three-tier
Panchayati system-
o At the village level i.e. Gram Panchayat
o At the intermediate level i.e. Panchayat Samiti
o At the district level i.e. Zila Parishad
● Intermediate-level panchayats, however, only exist in states where the population
exceeds twenty lakhs.

9. (d)
● Statement 1 is correct: As per Article 243F of the Constitution, this can happen
when the person has been disqualified from membership of the Legislature of the
Union or the State because of any reason, or if he has been specifically disqualified
from membership of the panchayat by any law.
● Statement 2 is correct: Article 243D of the Indian Constitution gives the
provisions for reservation of seats in the panchayats for certain communities.
o Seats should be reserved for members of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled
Tribes in the panchayat, in the same proportion which their population bears
to the total population of the village.
o At least one-third of the above-mentioned seats should be reserved for
women belonging to Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.

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 o At least one-third of the total seats in the panchayat should be reserved for
women (including the seats reserved under Clause 2).
● Statement 3 is correct: Panchayats have the power to prepare the plans and
schemes for economic development and promotion of social justice in the village.
They are responsible for preparing practical and well-thought-out plans which will
enable the furtherance of the interests of the villagers. As per Article 243G, it is the
State which determines the specific scope and extent of the powers of the
panchayat in the above matters.

10. (b)

Solution
● Option a is incorrect: As per the Constitution of India (Article 243J), State
governments have the power to determine who will audit the accounts of
panchayats and what procedure will be followed in their own states.
● Option b is correct: The provision for an election to panchayats has been
enshrined in Article 243K of the Indian Constitution. It says that the Panchayat
elections are to be conducted and overseen by the State Election Commissions.
Therefore, the election rules can vary from state-to-state.
● Option c is incorrect: The Constitution states that the provisions related to
panchayats shall apply to Union Territories in the same way as in the case of the
states, but the President may, by public notification, make any modifications in this
provision.
● Option d is incorrect: There are certain areas in India that stand as exceptions
to Part IX of the Constitution. The areas which are provided as exceptions by
Article 243M are mentioned below:
o The Scheduled Areas and tribal areas in the states of Assam, Meghalaya,
Tripura, and Mizoram
o The states of Nagaland, Meghalaya, and Mizoram
o The hilly areas in the state of Manipur and the district of Darjeeling.

11. (d)
● The Prime Minister enjoys the following powers as head of the Union council of
ministers:
▪ He recommends persons who can be appointed as ministers by the president.
▪ He allocates and reshuffles various portfolios among the ministers.
▪ He can ask a minister to resign or advise the President to dismiss him in case
of difference of opinion.
▪ He presides over the meeting of council of ministers and influences its
decisions.
▪ He guides, directs, controls, and coordinates the activities of all the ministers.

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 ▪ He can bring about the collapse of the council of ministers by resigning from
office.
12. (a)
● The council of ministers headed by the prime minister is the real executive
authority is our politico- administrative system.
● Article 74 deals with the status of the council of ministers while Article 75 deals
with the appointment, tenure, responsibility, qualification, oath and salaries and
allowances of the ministers.
● The Prime Minister shall be appointed by the President and the other Ministers
shall be appointed by the President on the advice of the Prime Minister.
● The total number of ministers, including the Prime Minister, in the Council of
Ministers shall not exceed 15% of the total strength of the Lok Sabha. This
provision was added by the 91st Amendment Act of 2003.
● A member of either House of Parliament belonging to any political party who is
disqualified on the ground of defection shall also be disqualified to be appointed
as a minister. This provision was also added by the 91st Amendment Act of 2003.
● Under article 75 (2) the Ministers shall hold office during the pleasure of the
President.
● Under article 75 (3) The Council of Ministers shall be collectively responsible to the
House of the People.

13. (b)
● The Gram Nyayalayas Act, 2008 established Gram Nyayalayas, or village courts,
to provide speedy and easy access to the legal system in India's rural areas. The
Act came into force in 2009.
● The Gram Nyayalayas are presided over by a Nyayadhikari, who will have the
same power, enjoy same salary and benefits of a Judicial Magistrate of First Class.
● Nyayadhikari are to be appointed by the State Government in consultation with the
respective High Court.
● A Gram Nyayalaya have jurisdiction over an area specified by a notification by the
State Government in consultation with the respective High Court.
● They have both civil and criminal jurisdiction over the offences.
● The Court can function as a mobile court at any place within the jurisdiction of such
Gram Nyayalaya.
● Gram Nyayalayas has been given power to accept certain evidences which would
otherwise not be acceptable under Indian Evidence Act.

14. (d)
● The term ‘Lok Adalat’ means ‘People’s Court’ and is based on Gandhian principles.
● It provides the ordinary people with informal, affordable, and quick justice and is
one of the elements of the Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) system.
● It was given statutory status under the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987. The
Act makes the provisions relating to the organization and functioning of the Lok
Adalats.

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 ● The State/District Legal Services Authority or the Supreme Court/High Court/Taluk
Legal Services Committee may organize Lok Adalats at such intervals and places
and for exercising such jurisdiction and for such areas as it thinks fit.
● The Lok Adalat shall have the same powers as are vested in a Civil Court under
the Code of Civil Procedure (1908).
● Further, a Lok Adalat shall have the requisite powers to specify its own procedure
for the determination of any dispute coming before it.
● A Lok Adalat shall have jurisdiction to determine and to arrive at a compromise or
settlement between the parties to a dispute in respect of:
▪ Any case pending before any court, or
▪ Any matter which falls within the jurisdiction of any court and is not brought
before such court.

15. (c)
Solution:
● The collegium system is not rooted in the Constitution or a specific law
promulgated by Parliament; it has evolved through judgments of the Supreme
Court.
● There is no mention of the collegium either in the original Constitution of India or
in successive amendments.
● Judges of the higher judiciary are appointed only through the collegium system,
and the government has a role only after names have been decided by the
collegium.
● Names that are recommended for appointment by a High Court collegium reaches
the government only after approval by the CJI and the Supreme Court collegium.

16. (C)
Schedule 1 contains the list of states of India. It would be amended when a new
state is being carved out. Schedule 4 mentions the number of Rajya Sabha seats
allotted to different states. So this also will be amended. There is no need to amend
any article.
17. (C)
● Satyameva Jayate is a part of a mantra from the Hindu scripture Mundaka
Upanishad. Following the independence of India, it was adopted as the national
motto of India on 26 January 1950, the day India became a republic.
• Dharmo Rakshati Rakshita is a popular Sanskrit phrase mentioned in
Mahabharata and Manusmriti verse. It can be loosely translated as "The Dharma
protects those who protect it. It is the motto of RA&W ( Research and Analysis
Wing).
• Yato Dharmastato Jayah is a Sanskrit shloka, which occurs a total of eleven
times in the Hindu epic, the Mahabharata, and means "Where there is Dharma,
there will be Victory". It is the motto of Supreme Court.

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● Yogakshemam Vahamyaham: It is the motto of LIC (Life Insurance Corporation). It
has been taken from Bhagwat Gita.

18. (C)

Article 124(1). There shall be a Supreme Court of India consisting of a Chief Justice of
India and, until Parliament by law prescribes a larger number, of not more than seven[1]
other Judges.
Article 216. Every High Court shall consist of a Chief Justice and such other Judges as
the President may from time to time deem it necessary to appoint.

19. (b)
● Lord Ripon is known for the Resolution of 1882, which would give Indians the right to
local self-government. The scheme of local self-government would develop the
municipal institutions which had been under the direct control of the British
Crown. For this, he is known as the ‘Father of Local-Self Government in India.
In the year 1907, the Royal Commission on Decentralization was constituted by the
British Government. Its main objective was to investigate the financial and
administrative relations of the Central and provincial governments. The only Indian
member of this commission was R.C. Dutt.
● The Planning Commission created the Committee to Review the Existing
Administrative Arrangements for Rural Development and Poverty Alleviation
Programs in 1985, which was chaired by G.V.K. Rao. The Committee concluded that
the development process had become increasingly bureaucratized and decoupled
from the Panchayati Raj.
● The Janata Government created a committee on Panchayati raj institutions, chaired
by Ashok Mehta, in December 1977. Its primary recommendations included a two-
tier panchayat structure, regular social audits, and political party representation at all
levels of panchayat elections.

20. (a)
The PESA act directed the state government to make Gram Sabha and Panchayats
function as Institutions of Local Self Governance, specifically on matters of-
● enforcing the prohibition of sale and consumption of intoxicants
● ownership of minor forest produce
● the authority to oversee village markets,
● restore unlawfully alienated land, and prevent land alienation
● control over money lending, etc.
The PESA also gave the Scheduled Areas‘ gram sabha the authority to approve plans
and programs for-
● social and economic development
● certifying utilization of funds by gram Panchayats,

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 ● identification of beneficiaries under poverty alleviation programs
● protect natural resources, including minor forest produce
● Gram Sabha is to be consulted before land acquisition.
● Recommendation of Gram Sabha is required for granting prospecting license or
mining lease of only minor minerals in the Scheduled Areas.

21. (c)
Article 243E (4): A Panchayat constituted upon the dissolution of a Panchayat before the
expiration of its duration shall continue only for the remainder of the period for which the
dissolved Panchayat would have continued under clause (1) had it not been so dissolved.

22. (d)
● Panchayats already existed in India. 73rd Amendment just constitutionalised them. It
did not introduce them.
● 11th Schedule was added by 73rd Amendment. 74th had added 12th Schedule.

23. (c)
Article 355: It shall be the duty of the Union to protect every State against external
aggression and internal disturbance and to ensure that the Government of every State is
carried on in accordance with the provisions of this Constitution.

24. (d)
Division of Power is about dividing Indian State’s power into centre and provinces, thus a
federal feature.
Separation of Power is about dividing Indian State’s power into 3 organs: Legislature,
Executive and Judiciary. It is not about centre and states, thus not a federal feature.
Single Constitution is a unitary feature. In India, states have little role to play in the
amendment of Constitution. USA has different constitutions for different states and thus
is a federal country.
Upper House ensures states’ voice at central level and thus is a federal feature.

25. (d)
India has a parliamentary system of government and its Head of the State is elected by
people.
Real Executive powers are vested with Council of Ministers.
Upper House is not an essential feature of parliamentary system. Bangladesh has no
Upper House and still is a parliamentary system.

26. (b)
Federal system must have bicameralism. Like India has Rajya Sabha, USA has Senate.
It ensures states’ voice at central level.

27. (c)
Constitutionalism is about curbing the government’s absolute powers. It’s about ensuring

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a limited government. It is possible when authority of the government is derived from a
body of fundamental laws which government cannot violate.
Separation of power divides government’s powers into three independent organs:
Legislature, Executive and Judiciary and thus upholds the idea of constitutionalism.
Restricting peoples’ rights is not the idea of constitutionalism as it strengthens
government powers.

28. (b)

Article 19[1](2) Nothing in sub-clause(a) of clause(1) shall affect the operation of any
existing law, or prevent the State from making any law, in so far as such law imposes
reasonable restrictions on the exercise of the right conferred by the said sub-clause in the
interests of the sovereignty and integrity of India, the security of the State, friendly
relations with foreign States, public order, decency or morality, or in relation to contempt
of court, defamation or incitement to an offence.

Health is not a valid ground to impose restriction on freedom of speech.

29. (d)
Article 32 falls under Part III of the Constitution that includes the fundamental rights of
individuals. It allows an individual to approach the Supreme Court if she or he believes
that her or his fundamental rights have been violated or they need to be enforced.
Dr B.R. Ambedkar had once said, “If I was asked to name any particular article in this
Constitution as the most important — an article without which this Constitution would be
a nullity — I could not refer to any other article except this one (Article 32). It is the very
soul of the Constitution and the very heart of it.”
In a judgment in the L. Chandra Kumar vs Union Of India and Others case, a bench of
seven judges had unequivocally declared that Article 32 was an integral and essential
feature of the Constitution and constituted its basic structure.
Similarly, in a judgment in the S.P. Sampath Kumar vs Union Of India case, it was
observed that the Supreme Court’s powers under Article 32 formed part of the basic
structure of the Constitution.
During the 1975 Emergency, a five-judge bench of the Supreme Court, in the ADM
Jabalpur vs Shivakant Shukla case, had ruled that the right to constitutional remedies
under Article 32 would remain suspended during a national emergency. People were
unable to seek recourse to enforcement of their fundamental rights.
The 44th Amendment stated that according to Article 359, the president could issue
orders suspending the right to move any court for the enforcement of fundamental rights,
under Article 32, during a national emergency, with the exceptionof Article 20 ( deals with
protection of certain rights in case of conviction for offences) and Article 21 (protection of
life and personal liberty).
30. (d)
Parliament’s absolute powers get curbed by:
A written constitution: parliament cannot violate it.
Federal system: Parliament has to take care of states’ voice.
Fundamental rights: Parliament cannot violate them.

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Judicial Review: Judiciary can turn down Parliament’s actions if found to be in violation of
the constitution.

31. (d)
Since he is forced to work, it is a violation of freedom of occupation ( Article 19).
Working in a dangerous work of firecracker factory might affect his health and life. So it
is a violation of Article
Since he is a 10 year old child, it is a violation of Article 21A as his education is getting
compromised by working the whole day.
Since it amounts to forced labour, it is a violation of Article 23.

32. (d)
List of rights that Article 21 covers:
1. Right to privacy
2. Right to go abroad
3. Right to shelter
4. Right against solitary confinement
5. Right to social justice and economic empowerment
6. Right against handcuffing
7. Right against custodial death
8. Right against delayed execution
9. Doctors’ assistance
10. Right against public hanging
11. Protection of cultural heritage
12. Right to pollution-free water and air
13. Right of every child to a full development
14. Right to health and medical aid
15. Right to education
16. Protection of under-trials

33. (a)
Article 55(3) The election of the President shall be held in accordance with the system of
proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote and the voting at
such election shall be by secret ballot.
Article 80(4) The representatives of each State[4] in the Council of States shall be elected
by the elected members of the Legislative Assembly of the State in accordance with the
system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote.
Article 81(1)(a) not more than five hundred and thirty members[4] chosen by direct
election from territorial constituencies in the States.
Representation of People Act,1951 prescribes open ballot and secret ballot for the
election of members of Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha respectively.

34. (d)
The Parliament has laid down the following additional disqualifications in the
Representation of People Act (1951):

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1. He must not have been found guilty of certain election offences or corrupt practices in
the elections.
2. He must not have been convicted for any offence resulting in imprisonment for two or
more years. But, the detention of a person under a preventive detention law is not a
disqualification.
3. He must not have failed to lodge an account of his election expenses within the time.
4. He must not have any interest in government contracts, works or services.
5. He must not be a director or managing agent nor hold an office of profit in a corporation
in which the government has at least 25 per cent share.
6. He must not have been dismissed from government service for corruption or disloyalty
to the State.
7. He must not have been convicted for promoting enmity between different groups or for
the offence of bribery.
8. He must not have been punished for preaching and practising social crimes such as
untouchability, dowry and sati.

There is no restriction on under trials and persons under preventive detention to contest
elections of Parliament.

35. (c)
In some countries, power usually changes between two main parties. Several other
parties may exist, contest elections and win a few seats in the national legislatures. But
only the two main parties have a serious chance of winning the majority of seats to form
a government. Such a party system is called a two-party system. The United States of
America and the United Kingdom are examples of the two-party system.

36. (b)
● An election petition is a procedure for inquiring into the validity of the
election results of Parliamentary or local government elections. In other words, it
is a means under law to challenge the election of a candidate in a Parliamentary,
Assembly or local election.
● Election petition filed in the High Court of the particular state in which the
election was conducted. Therefore, only the High Courts have the original
jurisdiction on deciding on an election petition.
● An election petition can be filed on one or more of the following grounds:
● that a returned candidate (a candidate who has been declared elected) was
not qualified on election day;
● that a returned candidate or his election agent committed some corrupt
practice;
● that any nomination was improperly rejected; and
● that the result was materially affected.
If any of these are true, the High Court where the petition is filed declares the returned
candidate's election null and void. Any candidate or elector can file a petition within 45
days of the results being announced.
A petition calling in question an election to a seat of Lok Sabha can be presented before
the High Court only either by the candidate at such election or any elector registered in

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that constituency whether he voted or not in that election.

37. (d)
● Governor is the Constitutional Head of an state. He is not an agent of the centre.
Therefore, recent controversies surrounding office of Governor have led to his
criticism as being an agent of centre.
● Governor enjoys both constitutional discretions and well as situational discretions.
● Article 153(3): Subject to the foregoing provisions of this article, a Governor shall hold
office for a term of five years from the date on which he enters upon his office.

38. (c)
Council of Ministers of state is responsible to Stale Legislative Aseembly.

39. (b)
Option A is incorrect as prior approval is not a constitutional obligation.
Option C is incorrect as CM has discretion in the allocation of business among the
ministers.
Option D is not constitutionally obligated. This practice has developed as a convention
over time.

40. (d)
Following the French practice, the Constituent Assembly appointed Dr.
Sachidanand Sinha, the oldest member of the Assembly as the temporary
President. Later on Dr. Rajendra Prasad and H C Mukherjee were elected as the
President and the Vice-President of the Assembly respectively.
41. (a)
A person born in India on or after 26th January 1950 but before 1st July 1987 is a
citizen of India by birth irrespective of the nationality of his parents.

42. (d)
Democracy is of two types: direct and indirect. In direct democracy, the people exercise
their supreme power directly as is the case in Switzerland.
● There are four devices of direct democracy, namely, Referendum, Initiative, Recall
and Plebiscite.
● In indirect democracy, on the other hand, the representatives elected by the people
exercise the supreme power and thus carry on the government and make the laws.
● This type of democracy, also known as representative democracy, is of two kinds:
parliamentary and presidential.
● The Indian Constitution provides for representative parliamentary democracy
under which the executive is responsible to the legislature for all its policies and
actions.
● Universal adult franchise, periodic elections, rule of law, independence of judiciary,
and absence of discrimination on certain grounds are the manifestations of the

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 democratic character of the Indian polity.

43. (c)
A cantonment board is established for municipal administration for civilian population in
the cantonment area. It is set up under the provisions of the Cantonments Act of 2006-a
legislation enacted by the Central government. It works under the administrative control
of the defense ministry of the Central government. Thus, unlike the above four types of
urban local bodies, which are created and administered by the state government, a
cantonment board is created as well as administered by the Central government.
A cantonment board consists of partly elected and partly nominated members. The
elected members hold office for a term of five years while the nominated members (i.e.,
ex-officio members) continue so long as they hold the office in that station. The military
officer commanding the station is the ex-officio president of the board and presides over
its meetings. The vice president of the board is elected by the elected members from
amongst themselves for a term of five years.
The functions performed by a cantonment board are similar to those of a municipality.
These are statutorily categorised into obligatory functions and discretionary functions.
The sources of income include both, tax revenue and non-tax revenue. The executive
officer of the cantonment board is appointed by the president of India. He implements all
the resolutions and decisions of the board and its committees. He belongs to the central
cadre established for the purpose.

44. (b)
He submits his resignation to President.

45. (a)
● Article 75(4): Before a Minister enters upon his office, the President shall administer
to him the oaths of office and of secrecy according to the forms set out for the purpose
in the Third Schedule. Thus, President cannot delegate this responsibility to any other
person.
● There is no restriction on Ministers of State in attending Cabinet meeting.
● All Ministers have to support all government decisions in public to uphold the principle
of collective responsibility. However, in Cabinet meeting, they may differ with each
other. Moreover, PM can ask a dissenting Minister to resign if he insists on criticizing
that decision in public.
● Article 75(1A): The total number of Ministers, including the Prime Minister, in the
Council of Ministers shall not exceed fifteen per cent. of the total number of members
of the House of the People. Since, Cabinet is part of CoM, thus there is indirect 15%
limit on Cabinet also.

46. (b)
Dissolution of CoM may not lead to dissolution of House of People as other party or
parties may form government. However, dissolution of HoP must lead to dissolution of
CoM. Caretaker government is formed after the dissolution of CoM. Then, a new House
is elected in general elections and a new CoM forms government.

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47. (a)
● Adjournment motion is introduced only in the Lok Sabha to draw the
attention of the House to a definite matter of urgent public importance.
● It involves an element of censure against the government, therefore Rajya
Sabha is not permitted to make use of this device
● It is regarded as an extraordinary device as it interrupts the normal business
of the House. It needs the support of 50 members to be admitted.
● The discussion on this motion should last for not less than two hours and
thirty minutes.
48. (b)
Strengths of Parliamentary committees:
PAC: 22
DRSCs: 31
Estimates Committee: 30
Privileges Committee: 15

49. (c)
● A94: A member holding office as Speaker or Deputy Speaker of the House of the
People— (a) shall vacate his office if he ceases to be a member of the House of
the People; (b) may at any time, by writing under his hand addressed, if such
member is the Speaker, to the Deputy Speaker, and if such member is the Deputy
Speaker, to the Speaker, resign his office; and (c) may be removed from his office
by a resolution of the House of the People passed by a majority of all the then
members of the House.
Thus, 1 is wrong as Speaker’s office is not dependent on pleasure of the President.
● 2 is wrong as there is no such provision for Speaker. He has to be a member at
the time of election.
● 3 is correct.

50. (b)
A110(3): If any question arises whether a Bill is a Money Bill or not, the decision of the
Speaker of the House of the People thereon shall be final.
A110(4): There shall be endorsed on every Money Bill when it is transmitted to the Council
of States under article 109, and when it is presented to the President for assent under
article 111, the certificate of the Speaker of the House of the People signed by him that it
is a Money Bill.

Thus, Money bill has to originate in Lok Sabha only.

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