Unified Theory of Electrical Machines

Tutorial NO. (7)

Synchronous Machines
1. A 3-phase, star connected, 50Hz synchronous generator has a direct axis
synchronous reactance of 0.65 p.u and quadrature axis synchronous
reactance of 0.5 p.u. The generator delivers rated kVA at rated voltage.
Draw the phasor diagram at full load 0.8 lagging power factor and hence
calculate the open circuit voltage and voltage regulation. Resistance
drop at full load 0.02 p.u.
Hint: (Vt = 1 p.u and Ia = 1 p.u).

2. A cylindrical rotor synchronous motor with Ef = 1.5 p.u is connected

to an infinite bus-bar. The machine has a synchronous reactance of 1.2
p.u and output power delivered to the load is 0.5 p.u.With all losses
ignored.
a. Find the magnitude of reactive power delivered or absorbed by the
synchronous motor.
b. If load on the motor is increased to its rated load (Vt = P = 1 p.u)
without any change in its field current, repeat part (a).
c. With load as a given in part (a) if the excitation voltage is reduced
to 0.75, repeat part (a).

3. From the phasor diagram of a cylindrical rotor alternator working at

lagging power factor.
a. Show that its power output is
given by:
𝐸𝑓 𝑉𝑡 𝑉𝑡 2
𝑃= sin(𝛿 + 𝛼𝑧 ) − 2 𝑟𝑎
𝑍𝑠 𝑍𝑠
Where:
𝑟𝑎
𝛼𝑧 = tan−1 ( )
𝑋𝑠
𝑍𝑠 = (𝑟𝑎 + 𝑗𝑋𝑠 )

b. Find an expression for the

maximum power output of
the alternator.
4. A salient pole synchronous motor, connected with an infinite bus-bar,
is working at no load. Its field current is gradually reduced to zero and
is then reversed.
a. Find the magnitude of maximum negative excitation possible.
b. Find the magnitude of reactive power under the condition of part (a).
Hint: for negative excitation the power is given by:
𝐸𝑓 𝑉𝑡 𝑉𝑡 2 1 1
𝑃=− sin 𝛿 + ( − ) sin 2𝛿
𝑋𝑑 2 𝑋𝑞 𝑋𝑑

5. From the phasor diagram of a salient pole synchronous motor working

at leading power factor obtain the following relations:
𝑉𝑡 sin 𝜃+𝐼𝑎 𝑋𝑞
i. tan(𝛿 + 𝜃) =
𝑉𝑡 sin 𝜃−𝐼𝑎 𝑟𝑎
ii. 𝐸𝑓 = 𝑉𝑡 cos 𝛿 − 𝐼𝑞 𝑟𝑎 + 𝐼𝑑 𝑋𝑑
 Unified Theory of Electrical Machines
Tutorial NO. (8)
Single Phase Machines
1. What happen to 3-phase induction motor if one of its three supply leads
gets disconnected.

2. A 230V, 50Hz, 4 pole single phase induction motor has the following
constant and losses:
Stator resistance and leakage reactance: 2.3Ω and 3.2Ω.
Rotor resistance and leakage reactance: 4.2Ω and 3.2Ω (referred to stator).
Magnetizing reactance: 74Ω.
Core loss = 98 watts. Friction and windage loss = 30 watts.
Determine the stator current, power factor, power output, torque, and
efficiency at a slip of 0.05. with the auxiliary winding open.
Hint: 𝑋𝑟 = 𝑋𝑚𝑑 + 𝑥𝑟 & 𝑋𝑠 = 𝑋𝑚𝑑 + 𝑥𝑠

3. A 230V, 50Hz, 4 pole single phase induction motor has the following
constant and losses:
Stator resistance and leakage reactance: 2.1Ω and 3Ω.
Rotor resistance and leakage reactance: 4Ω and 3Ω (referred to stator).
Magnetizing reactance: 74Ω.
Core loss = 48 watts. Friction and windage loss = 20 watts.
Determine the stator current, power factor, power output, torque, and
efficiency at a slip of 0.05. when this motor running at rated voltage and
frequency with its auxiliary winding open.