GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT

PEDIATRICS ELECTIVE
MATERIALS
1. Measuring tape
2. Digital weighing scale
3. Stadiometer (for height measurement)
4. Growth charts for age and gender ( WHO growth charts )
5. Proforma for Medical history & Anthropometric assessment
6. Pen and paper & computer for recording data
 Objectives
• To collect anthropometry data of age group 0 to 18 years
• To assess their growth by ploting the values on growth charts
• Calculation of bmi and plotting them on pie chart
• To gain practical experience in collecting and analysis of anthropometric
data
• Monitoring growth and development
 METHODOLOGY
A interview based Cross-Sectional Study was conducted

DATA COLLECTION:
Participants are patients of the Pediatrics Department of the Oxford Medical College, Bengaluru aged
between 0 to 17 years.
Demographic information, such as age, gender, Chief complaint and other relevant medical history was
collected Anthropometric measurements (height, weight, head circumference, mid arm circumference.)
were measured from the participants.
Standardized measurement techniques were used to maintain consistency across participants

CALCULATION OF BMI:BMI for each participant was determined by using the collected anthropometric
measurements and plotting it on the WHO BMI age and sex specific
chart.Participants were classified into BMI groups (normal, below normal & above normal) based on age and
sex-specific growth charts

ASSESS CONGENITAL ANOMALIES

Review of medical records or conduction of physical examinations were done to identify any congenital
anomalies present in the participants
DATA ANALYSIS:
The collected data was analyzed using statistical methods appropriate for cross-sectional studies. The
prevalence of normal and abnormal BMI among the participants was determined. The prevalence of
congenital anomalies among participants with abnormal BMI was determined

PLOTTING PIE CHARTS:

The percentages of children with normal and abnormal BMI, as well as the percentage of children with
abnormal BMI having congenital anomalies were calculated and plotted on pie charts to visually represent
these percentages
INTERPRETATION:
Interpretation of the findings from the data analysis, considering the prevalence of abnormal BMI and
congenital anomalies among children in different age groups were done. And we discuss the implications of
the findings and potential recommendations for further research or interventions

DATA
SL. NO SL. NO Age Sex (M/F) C/O Ht (m) Wt. (Kg) BMI BMI (PERCENTILE) INTERPRETATION MAC (cm) HC (cm)

1 1 11 days F routine newborn assessment 0.52 2.8 10.3 below 3rd percentile ABNORMAL - 42

2 2 27 days M immunisation 0.48 3.6 15.6 85th percentile NORMAL - 38

3 3 2m F immunization 0.57 4.9 15 between 50th and 15th percentile NORMAL - 45

4 4 2m 8d M immunization 0.61 5.5 14.7 between 15th and 3rd percentile NORMAL - 46

5 5 3m M immunization 0.64 6 14.6 between 15th and 3rd percentile NORMAL - 41

 6 6 7m F fever 0.67 5.9 13.4 below 3rd percentile ABNORMAL 15 42

7 7 8m M fever 0.65 7.8 18.4 85th percentile NORMAL 16 47

8 8 9m F fever 0.68 6 13 below 3rd percentile ABNORMAL 14 44

9 9 1 y 2m F fever 0.75 8.2 14.5 between 15th and 3rd percentile NORMAL 16.5 46

10 10 1 y 6m M seizures & CP 0.75 8.6 15.2 between 50th and 15th percentile NORMAL 13 45

11 11 2y 5m F fever 0.86 10 13.5 3rd percentile NORMAL 14 49

12 12 3y M swelling-inguinal region 0.94 15 17 85th percentile NORMAL 14 50

13 13 3y 8m M fever 0.93 12 13.8 between 15th and 3rd percentile NORMAL 15 48

14 14 4y M fever 0.95 12 13.2 3rd percentile NORMAL 14 51

15 15 4y F Hematuria 0.97 12.5 13.2 between 15th and 3rd percentile NORMAL 12 51

16 16 5Y 6m F Fever 1.27 15 9.3 below 3rd percentile ABNORMAL 14 40

17 17 5Y 8m F check up/ vaccination 1.07 15.5 13.5 between 15th and 3rd percentile NORMAL 15 49.5

18 18 7Y M trauma 1.14 19 14.6 between 50th and 15th percentile NORMAL 15 50

19 19 7Y M Developmental delay 1.23 25 16.5 between 85th and 50th percentile NORMAL 17 53

20 20 8Y M Fever 1.3 29 17 between 85th and 50th percentile NORMAL 19 51

21 21 9Y M GDD 1.25 19 12.6 below 3rd percentile ABNORMAL 15 45

22 22 10Y F check up/ vaccination 1.2 25 17.36 between 85th and 50th percentile NORMAL 19 49

23 23 10Y M Left leg deformity 1.34 28 15.5 between 50th and 15th percentile NORMAL 20 53

24 24 10Y M CP 1.18 18 12.9 below 3rd percentile ABNORMAL 15 46

25 25 10Y M seizures with GDD 1.35 35 19.2 between 85th and 97th percentile NORMAL 23 49

26 10 Y M CP 1.27 15 9.3 below 3rd percentile ABNORMAL 12 40

26 27 12Y M Down syndrome with Tonsillitis 1.43 51 24.9 above 97th percentile ABNORMAL 25 50
 27 28 13Y F Diarrhoea with obesity 1.54 73 30.7 above 97th percentile ABNORMAL 27 55

28 29 13Y F Cochlear implant follow up 1.43 29 14.1 below 3rd percentile ABNORMAL 25 52

30 30 17Y F Developmental delay 1.02 20 19.2 3rd to 97th percentile (N) NORMAL 14 50

F = 13 NORMAL BMI = 20 < 13.5 = 2

NORMAL BMI
NO CONGENITAL = 17 =7 OVERWEIGHT = 2

M = 17 ABNORMAL = 10 > 13.5 = 8

ABNORMAL
CONGENITAL = 13 BMI = 6 UNDERWEIGHT = 8

Sex Wt. INTERPRETATIO MAC HC

SL. NO SL. NO Age (M/F) C/O Ht (m) (Kg) BMI BMI (PERCENTILE) N (cm) (cm)
11 routine newborn
1 1 days F assessment 0.52 2.8 10.3 below 3rd percentile ABNORMAL - 42
27
2 2 days M immunisation 0.48 3.6 15.6 85th percentile NORMAL - 38
between 50th and 15th
3 3 2m F immunization 0.57 4.9 15 percentile NORMAL - 45
between 15th and 3rd
4 4 2m 8d M immunization 0.61 5.5 14.7 NORMAL - 46
 percentile
between 15th and 3rd
5 5 3m M immunization 0.64 6 14.6 percentile NORMAL - 41
6 6 7m F fever 0.67 5.9 13.4 below 3rd percentile ABNORMAL 15 42
7 7 8m M fever 0.65 7.8 18.4 85th percentile NORMAL 16 47
8 8 9m F fever 0.68 6 13 below 3rd percentile ABNORMAL 14 44
between 15th and 3rd
9 9 1 y 2m F fever 0.75 8.2 14.5 percentile NORMAL 16.5 46
between 50th and 15th
10 10 1 y 6m M seizures & CP 0.75 8.6 15.2 percentile NORMAL 13 45
11 11 2y 5m F fever 0.86 10 13.5 3rd percentile NORMAL 14 49

12 12 3y M swelling-inguinal region 0.94 15 17 85th percentile NORMAL 14 50

between 15th and 3rd
13 13 3y 8m M fever 0.93 12 13.8 percentile NORMAL 15 48
14 14 4y M fever 0.95 12 13.2 3rd percentile NORMAL 14 51
between 15th and 3rd
15 15 4y F Hematuria 0.97 12.5 13.2 percentile NORMAL 12 51
16 16 5Y 6m F Fever 1.27 15 9.3 below 3rd percentile ABNORMAL 14 40
between 15th and 3rd
17 17 5Y 8m F check up/ vaccination 1.07 15.5 13.5 percentile NORMAL 15 49.5
between 50th and 15th
18 18 7Y M trauma 1.14 19 14.6 percentile NORMAL 15 50
between 85th and 50th
19 19 7Y M Developmental delay 1.23 25 16.5 percentile NORMAL 17 53
between 85th and 50th
20 20 8Y M Fever 1.3 29 17 percentile NORMAL 19 51
21 21 9Y M GDD 1.25 19 12.6 below 3rd percentile ABNORMAL 15 45
between 85th and 50th
22 22 10Y F check up/ vaccination 1.2 25 17.36 percentile NORMAL 19 49
between 50th and 15th
23 23 10Y M Left leg deformity 1.34 28 15.5 percentile NORMAL 20 53
24 24 10Y M CP 1.18 18 12.9 below 3rd percentile ABNORMAL 15 46
between 85th and 97th
25 25 10Y M seizures with GDD 1.35 35 19.2 percentile NORMAL 23 49
26 10 Y M CP 1.27 15 9.3 below 3rd percentile ABNORMAL 12 40
Down syndrome with
26 27 12Y M Tonsillitis 1.43 51 24.9 above 97th percentile ABNORMAL 25 50
 27 28 13Y F Diarrhea with obesity 1.54 73 30.7 above 97th percentile ABNORMAL 27 55
Cochlear implant follow
28 29 13Y F up 1.43 29 14.1 below 3rd percentile ABNORMAL 25 52
3rd to 97th percentile
30 30 17Y F Developmental delay 1.02 20 19.2 (N) NORMAL 14 50

G RAPHS SEX
MALE AND FEMALE MALE FEMALE

CONGENITAL DEFECTS
 CONGENITAL DEFECTS PRESENT ABSENT

BMI
BMI NORMAL BMI ABNORMAL BMI
WEIGHT

OVERWEIGHT UNDERWEIGHT
NO. OF CHILDREN WITH CONGENITAL DEFECTS HAVING ABNORMAL BMI
Conclusion
♦ In this study, we observed a diverse distribution of BMI across different age groups within the sample
population of 30 individuals. Among the 2 overweight individuals, both were within the older age
brackets, indicating a potential trend towards increased BMI with age. The 8 underweight individuals
were spread across various age groups, suggesting a varied impact of factors such as metabolism, diet,
and lifestyle choices on weight status.
♦ Overweight prevalence is 6.67%, Underweight prevalence is 26.67%
♦ Normal weight prevalence is 66.67%, Abnormal BMI prevalence is 33.33%
♦ Of the 20 individuals with a normal weight, the majority were evenly distributed among different age
groups, highlighting a relatively stable BMI across ages in this subgroup.
♦ Interestingly, among the 10 individuals with an abnormal BMI, the distribution was more prominent in
certain age groups, indicating possible age-related factors influencing BMI.
♦ Overall, while the majority of individuals maintained a normal weight across different age groups, the
presence of individuals with abnormal BMI emphasises the need for targeted intervention to promote
healthy weight management, particularly in older age groups. Further studies with larger sample sizes
are warranted to validate these findings and explore additional factors influencing BMI in diverse age
groups.

REFERENCES