- Spirituality is any religious or ethical value; a wal of life

FUNCTIONS OF RELIGION
● mental peace ELEMENTS OF RELIGION ELEMENTS OF SPIRITUALITY
● explains individual sufferings BELIEF IN > believes in the existence HOLISTIC fully integrated view of life
● inculcates social virtues SUPERNATURAL of supernatural powers
● promotes social solidarity POWERS QUEST FOR MEANING meaning and purpose of life

PROOF ON THE NON-EXISTENCE OF GOD BELIEF IN THE > expressed through spirituality promotes having
QUEST FOR SACRED
HOLY/SACRED symbols faith
LUDWIG FEUERBACH
SYSTEM OF RITUALS > practical side SUGGESTS A Self-reflection is of great
Theory of Projection God is an idea/concept SELF-REFLECTIVE importance
> acting in accordance with EXISTENCE
SACRED/SINFUL ACTS
the religious principle

PROOF OF THE EXISTENCE OF GOD METHOD OF SALVATION > the ultimate goal of life
ST. ANSELM OF CANTERBURY
MODE OF WORSHIP > procedure of worshiping SPIRITUAL PERSONS private
Deductive Ontological God is the greatest thing we
Argument can think > Hindu - Temple RELIGIOUS PERSONS public
> Muslim - Mosque
PLACE OF WORSHIP
ST. THOMAS AQUINAS > Christian - Church
> Jewish - Synagogue MARTIN, JESUIT PRIEST
“Being spiritual but not religious can lead to complacency &
Argument from Motion, self-centeredness”.
Causation, Contingency,
Cosmological Argument
Degrees, and Intelligent EXPERIENCE - comes from the two German terms BRIEF HISTORY OF JUDAISM
Design ERLEBNIS & ERFAHRUNG
interior experience of an began when Abraham made
ERLEBNIS JUDAISM
intensely felt motion a covenant with God
RELIGION - system of beliefs and practices that are
interpreted and responded to by groups of people. ERFAHRUNG real experiences Father of the Semitic
- It is a social entity ABRAHAM Religion (Judaism,
1. Religion as a Collective Phenomenon Christianity, Islam)
● Religious experience = Feeling + Reflection +
- an individual who professes a religion is associated Concrete Action of Life
with a particular religious org. HEBREWS accepted Yahweh
● Religious Experience - real encounter with God

2. Religion Involves a Body of Beliefs and Moral ISRAELITES descendants of Hebrews

SPIRITUALITY
Prescriptions - Latin word “Spiritualitas” = “spiritus” and “spiritualis”
- guided by texts from special events/figures > grandson of Abraham
=> state of being spiritual JACOB
> has 12 sons (12 tribes)
3. Religion Expects from its Followers to Follow a Set ● “Spirit of God/Divine/Transcendent”
of Practices that Relates to the Notion of the Sacred > Yehudah/Judah, southern
● “Spirit in us human beings”
- prayer, worship, purification, baptism, and sacrifice “JEW” kingdom of Israel
> someone who practices
JORDAN AUMANN
 Judaism flowers
MENORAH
- candelabrum with 7 candle holders
> freed Jews from Egypt’s “Yom Teruah”
- symbolizes the burning bush
slavery > trumpets used to give
MOSES
> important figure as he signals
MEZUZAH TRUMPETS
gave the Torah to the Jews > time for rest, to blow the
- little case that contains a scroll
trumpets, to repent, and to
- found on doorposts in Jewish homes
have a festive banquet
- The writing is from the Bible
“TANAKH”
“Yom Kippur” - holiest day of
- Hebrew Bible; Old Testament HALACHAH
the year
- Torah (The Law) - system of laws that guides the jewish people on acting
ATONEMENT > Jewish people make
- Nevi’im (Prophets) in accordance with the will of Yahweh
amends to their family
- Ketuvim (Writings)
> they do fasting
KOSHER PRACTICES
TORAH - food preparations
“Sukkot” - feast of booths
- First law given by God to Moses
> commemoration of the
- main sacred text of Judaism TABERNACLE
people of Israel living in
- contains the early history of Judaism TZEDAKAH
booths
- Heart of the Jewish spirituality - Charity
- stored inside the Ark in each synagogue - In Hebrew, righteousness & fairness

5 books KIPPAH
● Genesis (Bereshit) - stories of creation - serves as a reminder that God is always above them
● Exodus (Sh’mot) - Israelites enslaved in Egypt;
receiving commandments in Mt. Sinai TALLIT
● Leviticus (Vayikra) - God’s ethical and ritual laws - Finges on the shawl: reminds of the commandments
● Numbers (Bamidbar) - recounts of the Israelites
● Deuteronomy (Devarim) - Moses reviews the laws FEASTS
“Pesach”
NEVI’IM (PROPHETS)
> 8-day celebration of
- writings of God’s messenger
freedom
- literary section of the Tanakh: proverbs, psalms PASSOVER
> when they were freed from
Egyptian slavery
KETUVIM (WRITINGS)
> they perform Seder Meal
- wisdom literature, poetry, songs, narrative
FIRST FRUITS Offering first fruits of crops
TALMUD
- competition of learning
Hebrew = “Shavo’ut”
- written version of the Jewish Oral law
Greek = Pentecoste
Mishnah - discussions concerning prayer, diet
> when Moses brought the
Gemara - rabbinic commentaries
PENTECOST 10 commandments
> Jewish spend all night
MAGEN DAVID
studying the Torah
- symbol of the Jewish people
> decorates their house with
- Star of David