Chemical Study

of Sumatran Lower Plants

(TO COMMEMORATE 30 YEARS OF FORMAL STUDY OF OUR SUMATRAN PLANTS)

Dayar Arbain
Faculty of Pharmacy/Sumatran Biota Laboratory, Andalas University
Kampus Limau Manis, Padang 25163
Tel/fax : (0751)72645
E-mail; d.arbain48@yahoo.com; d.arbain@ffarmasi.unand.ac.id

Sunset at Berbak National Park, Jambi, Sumatra 1

09/10/2012 HKBAI_UIN_2012
 Back ground

09/10/2012 HKBAI_UIN_2012 2
 In the late 70th, being a young pharmacist and a village boy who
depended on traditional medicine, there was a question kept in my mind
“Do those of Sumatran medicinal plants really have any “active”
constituents or is it merely just a “believe”.

Is there any scientific way to proof their use,

so that, it become scientifically based?
(Validation, Evicacy and Savety)

How these medicinal plants and

their related cultural values be conserved?

Being young and optimistic, I convince myself, there

should be a way to do that!

But how…???? 3

Mt. Merapi, Bukittinggi

 Sumatra is very rich with tropical rainforest plants which have been
used traditionally for food, medicine, spices, aromatics, insecticides etc.
since the beginning of civilization until 1960-th

09/10/2012 HKBAI_UIN_2012
 Background
.

Due to deforestation, the newly formed

ecosystem might not support some of
these plants to grow and develop and this
will cause the disappearance of some
of them soon.

At the same time the arts and knowledge of

how to use these plants which are kept by the
traditional healer called dukun and pawang is also
disappearing because the young generation is not
interested anymore to learn and practice this
culture, arts and knowledge.

The poor and people who live in the isolated area

stll need alernative medicine (ca 20% of population) 5

09/10/2012 HKBAI_UIN_2012
 Before these Sumatran Plants and the related
cultures of various Sumatran ethnic groups
dissapear forever, Inventory, ethnobotanical and phytochemical
survey, Biological activity and pharmacological
and conservational work
must be carried out !

Lake Maninjau

09/10/2012 HKBAI_UIN_2012
 Etnofarmaka dan Kesehatan Global

•.Mayoritas penduduk dunia khususnya di dunia ketiga tidak punya

akses atau sangat terbatas terhadap obat yang ada sekarang .

•.Riset dunia untuk mencari obat baru 90% untuk penyakit2 2 umum di
negara maju
maju.. (cardiovascular, kanker
kanker,, dll
dll).
).

•.Kurang dari 10% riset obat dunia yang digunakan untuk mencari obat
baru untuk dunia ke 3.

(Hanya 20 dari 1,556 obat baru yang dipasarkan secara global periode
1975--2004 untuk penyakit tropik dan TB).
1975

(J. Nat.Prod., DOl: 10.1021/np068054v).

09/10/2012 7
HKBAI_UIN_2012
 Masalah Utama Kesehatan di Indonesia

1. Belum tersedia fasilitas rumah sakit

sakit,, dokter dan obat yang memadai
memadai..

2. Fasilitas yang belum memadai ini belum terjangkau oleh banyak orang

3. Belum ada kontrol yang memadai untuk validasi

validasi,, standarisasi dan
evicacy obat alternatif
alternatif//etnofarmaka

4. Riset pengembangan obat baru hampir tidak ada (hanya merakit

merakit))

5. So what………………………………………….?

Obat alternatif /etnofarmaka

masih perlu
09/10/2012 HKBAI_UIN_2012 8
 Apa kita bisa ?
IPTEK serta sarana , prasarana dan
IPTEK


manpower tentang bagaimana cara
mengetahui validasi
validasi,, evikasi,
evikasi, standarisasi
dan keamanan obat alternatif
alternatif//etnofarmaka
ini pada dasarnya cukup tersedia di
Indonesia..
Indonesia

Yang diperlukan adalah adanya perhatian

dan sedikit prioritas dari unsur terkait
terkait..
09/10/2012 HKBAI_UIN_2012 9
 Inventory, ethnobotanical and
phytochemical survey of
Sumatran plants
1982--2010
1982
(more then 46 locations)
09/10/2012 HKBAI_UIN_2012 10
Inventory, ethnobotanical and
phytochemical survey of
Sumatran plants 1982-
1982-1996

1. Baso
2. Mt.Merapi
3. Mt.Sago
4. Air Sirah 10 9
* ** 1 3
5. Ulu Gadut
6. Anai 8
7* * * *11
7.
8.
Singgalang
Malampah 6* 2 * *12 * 21
9. Lurah Berangin
* *15*14
13

**416 17 *20
10. Panti 5
11. Pangkalan
12.
13.
Kelok sembilan
Sungai Dareh * * *18
19*
14. Pasir Mayang
15. Muaro Tebo
16. Mt.Kerinci
17. Mt. Tujuh
18. Mt. Keronsong
19. Sako
20. Muarobungo
11
21. Siberida
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 Inventory, Ethnobotanical and Phytochemical
Survey and Biological Activity Screenings
of Sumatran Plants 1996-2008
1. Sipirok
2. Panti
3. P.Pangiraian
4. Kelok Sembilan
5. Siberida Medan
6. Surian
7. Muarolabuh
8. Gunung Tujuh
9. Danau Kerinci *1 *3 22
10. Sako
11. Danau Tes
*
*2 *4 255 *21
12. Pasir Mayang
13. Muarobungo
*
14. Muara Enim
15. Siberut * 7
6 24* 12

16. Kambang *15 *16 *8 *13 2019*

17. Seblat * *9 *
18. Arang Sepat
19. Berbak *10
17**11 *14
20. Sinami
21. Minas
22. Bukit Seligi 18 *
23. Gua Sikafir
HKBAI_UIN_2012 12
24. Simanau
25. Tesonilo
09/10/2012
 Earlier Work
1982--1987
1982

(Chemical study of Alkaloid bearing Sumatran

medicinal plants)

09/10/2012 HKBAI_UIN_2012 13
 Early Chemical work on Sumatran Medicinal Plants (1982-
(1982-1987) i.e

The Alkaloid of Sapium baccatum

H
O

Bukittinggine
D.Arbain, L.T. Byrne, J.R. Cannon, V.W. Patrick, and A.H. White, ”, Aust. J. Chem., 1990, 43, 433-7.
Panthong,A., D. Kanjanapothi, Y. Thitiponpunt, T.Taesotikul, D. Arbain, Planta Med ,1998, 64, 530-535.

The peptide alkaloids from

Antidesma montana

• Dayar Arbain and W.C. Taylor, Phytochemistry,

Dayar Phytochemistry, 1993, 33, 1263
• Arbain, T. Langley, K. Pitcher, and W.C. Taylor, Aust.J.
Dayar Arbain, Aust.J. Chem., 1991, 44, 887-
887-90
09/10/2012 HKBAI_UIN_2012 14
 The Alkaloids from Margaritaria indica
O O O

R1 H R1 H H
R2 R2
N N N
OH
1. Phyllochrysine, R1=R2=H 3. Securinine, R1=R2=H
2. Securinine, R1=H, R2=OMe 4. (4a)-4-methoxysecurinan-11-one 6. securinol A
(4-epiphyllanthione, R1=H, R2=OMe)
5. (4b)-4-methoxysecurinan-11-one
(phyllanthione, R1=OMe, R2=H)

O O

H H

N N
NH
OMe N
H

7. 14,15-dihydro-15a- 8. margaritarine
methoxyphyllochrysine

Arbain,D., et al, Aust. J. Chem., 1990, 43, 439-

439-45.
1863-9.
Arbain,D., et al, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. I, 1991, 1863-
09/10/2012 HKBAI_UIN_2012 15
 The constiuents
constiuents of Picrasma javanica

Dayar Arbain and M.V. Sargent, Aust. J. Chem., 1987, 40, 1527-36.
Dayar Arbain, et al., Aust. J. Chem., 1990, 43, 433-7.

(unpublished work) 16

09/10/2012 HKBAI_UIN_2012
 Chemical study on Sumatran
Rubiaceaus Plants
(1987-Now)

Biological activity based:

(Hyppocratic, Antimicrobial
and
Antioxidant Screenings)

09/10/2012 HKBAI_UIN_2012 17
 Why Rubiaceus Plants?

• Taxonomically advanced
(more complex biosynthesis,
more complex molecules)
• Economically valuable
(Coffea, Cinchona, Uncaria)
• Medicinal
(Cinchona, Ipecac, Gambir)
•Scientifically
Scientifically less explored
•Some
Some are rare and hard to collect

09/10/2012 HKBAI_UIN_2012 18
 Chemical Study on Sumatran Rubiaceus Plants
Chemical study on
Sumatran Ophiorrhiza
1.Ophiorhiza filistipula
2. O.major
3. O. ferruginea
4. O.cf.ferruginea
5. O.marginata
6. O.discolor
7. O.communis
8. O.cf.communis
9. O.bracteata
10. O.cf.bracteata
11. O. rosacea
12. O. cf. rosacea
13. O. kunstleri
14. O. cf. kunstleri
15.Ophiorrhiza 7562
16.Ophiorrhiza 6526A
17.Ophiorrhiza 6526B
18.Ophiorrhiza 6604
19.Ophiorrhiza 7931
20. Ophiorrhiza sp (ex Sgl)
21.Ophiorrhiza sp (exSJ 09/10/2012
Chemical study on
other Rubiaceus
Sumatran Plants
22.Cephaelis stipulacea
23.Uncaria glabrata
24.Uncaria cf.glabrata
25.U. jasminiflora
26.Lerchea bracteata
27. L.parvifolia
28. Lerchea sp (ex Kbg)
29. Lerchea sp (ex Bgs)
30. Lerchea sp (ex Pr)
31. Hedyotis auricularia
Garaman kancia 32 .H. verticillata
33. H.philippensis
(Ophiorrhiza sp) 34. Anthocephalus cadamba
HKBAI_UIN_2012 19
09/10/2012 HKBAI_UIN_2012 20
 The alkaloids of Ophiorrhiza filistipula

21
Ohba, M. H. Kubo, T. Fujii, H. Ishibasi, , M.V. Sargent and D. Arbain, Tetrahedron Lett., 1997, 38(38), 6697- 6700.
HKBAI_UIN_2012
09/10/2012
 The Alkaloids of Ophiorhiza cf.
cf.ferruginea
ferruginea

Arbain,D.,
09/10/2012 D.P.Putra, N.H.Lajis and M.V.Sargent, et al., Aust. J. Chem., 1993, 46, 969-
969-976. 22

HKBAI_UIN_2012
 The alkaloids from Ophiorrhiza bracteata

09/10/2012 HKBAI_UIN_2012 23

Arbain,D., L.T. Byrne, Dachriyanus, N. Evrayoza and M.V. Sargent, Aust .J .Chem.1997, 50,1111-
50,1111-1112
The alkaloids of Ophiorrhiza blumeana

09/10/2012 HKBAI_UIN_2012 24

D.Arbain, et al., J.Chem.Soc.Perkin Trans I, 1998, 2537-40

 The Alkaloids of Uncaria glabrata DC

Arbain,D., et al, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. I, 1992, 665-

665-6.
Arbain,D.,et al., Aust. J. Chem., 1993, 46, 863 25

HKBAI_UIN_2012
09/10/2012
 The Alkaloids from Uncaria cf. glabrata DC

26
Dayar Arbain, Afrida, S. Ibrahim and M.V. Sargent Aust. J. Chem., 1998, 51, 961-
961-964.
HKBAI_UIN_2012
09/10/2012
 The Quaternary Alkaloid of
Lerchea bracteata Val.

Lercheine

Dayar Arbain
Arbain,, D.P. Putra, N.H. Lajis,
Lajis, M.V. Sargent,
Sargent, and A.H. White, A New
Quaternary Alkaloid from Lerchea bracteata,
bracteata, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. I,
I,
1992, 3039.

09/10/2012 HKBAI_UIN_2012 27
 A Study of Sumatran Lerchea

There are 19 species of this

this genus so far
reported exist in the world and only 8 of
them found in Indonesia, 2 species in Java
and 6 species in Sumatra.
Sumatra.

(Kew Plant Database

atabase (Accessed October 2006).
2006).

09/10/2012 HKBAI_UIN_2012 28
 The Isolation and Identification
of Major Alkaloid of Lerchea cf.bracteata
cf.bracteata
(ex Kambang
Kambang)) (Rubiaceae
Rubiaceae))
(strong antibacterial activities)

NH H

OH
Antirhine metochloride
(Previously isolated from Hunteria eburnea Pichon)
Burnell, R.H., Chappele, A. and Khalil, M.F., Can. J. Chem,
1974, 52, 2327-2330)

Dayar Arbain, N. Syafni, Friardi, D. P. Putra, I. Komala, K. Yamaguchi and Y. Asakawa,

The Quaternary Indole Alkaloids from Two Sumatran Lerchea species, Natural Product
Communications,, 2011,6 (3), 349-
Communications 349-352.
29

09/10/2012 HKBAI_UIN_2012
09/10/2012 HKBAI_UIN_2012 30
 Antibacterial screening of some of Sumatran Lerchea sp
No Lerchea spp Inhibition zone (mm) for 5 mg/disk
Bs Ec Pa Kl Sa Ml Tm Ca

1 Lerchea interrupta Ext. MeOH 10.5 7.5 9.5 9.5 6.0 8.5 - -
Ext. Hexane 11.0 9.5 10.5 10.0 10.5 12.5 - -
Ext. EtOAc 6.5 7.5 7.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 - -
Ext. BuOH 9.5 7.5 10.0 11.5 11.5 9.5 - -
2 Lerchea parviflora Ext. MeOH 6.0 - 6.0 7.5 6.5 12.0 - -
Ext. Hexane 5.0 - 5.0 14.5 6.0 15.5 - -
Ext. EtOAc 7.5 - 10.5 7.5 9.0 7.5 - -
Ext. BuOH 8.5 - 8.5 14.0 15.5 11.5 - -
3 Lerchea beccariana Ext. MeOH 7.5 - 6.5 23.0 6.0 - - -
Ext. Hexane 6.0 9.5 8.0 - 8.5 6.0 - -
Ext. EtOAc 9.5 7.5 10.0 7.0 7.5 6.0 - -
Ext. BuOH 13.5 11.5 12.5 26.0 11.5 7.5 - -
4 Lerchea cf. bracteata Ext. MeOH 6.5 - 8.5 - 9.5 - - -
Ext. Hexane 6.0 - 6.5 6.0 7.5 6.5 - -
Ext. EtOAc 8.5 9.5 10.5 9.5 11.5 8.5 - -
Ext. BuOH 6.0 - 7.5 - 6.5 - - -
5 Lerchea sp. Ext. MeOH 7.5 6.5 8.5 6.0 10.5 7.5 - -
Ext. Hexane 5.5 5.0 8.0 - 6.0 7.0 - -
Ext. EtOAc 6.0 5.0 8.0 5.0 8.5 6.5 - -
Ext. BuOH 6.5 7.5 7.5 6.0 9.0 - - -
Bs=Bacillus subtilis, Ec=Escherichia coli, Pa=Pseudomobnas aeruginosa, Kl=Klebsiella sp, Sa=Staphylococcus aureus, Ml=Micrococcu
Ml=Micrococcuss luteus, 31
Tm=Trycchophyton mentagrophytes, Ca-
Ca-Candida albicans
09/10/2012
HKBAI_UIN_2012
 COSY

HMBC HSQC

09/10/2012 HKBAI_UIN_2012 32
Research Results 09 The Isolation and Identification
of Major Alkaloid of Lerchea partviflora
(ex Bungus)
Bungus) (Rubiaceae
(Rubiaceae))
(strong antibacterial activities)

6,7-dihydroflavopereirine
(reported to be active against Plasmodium)

Peviously reported by Angenot (Planta Med, 1973, 23, 226-32)

Dayar Arbain, N. Syafni, Friardi, D. P. Putra, I. Komala, K. Yamaguchi and Y. Asakawa, The Quaternary Indole
Alkaloids from Two Sumatran Lerchea species, Natural Product Communications,
Communications, 2011,6 (3), 349-
349-352.
33

09/10/2012 HKBAI_UIN_2012
Research Results 09
The Isolation and Identification of
Major Alkaloid of Ophiorrhiza sp
(ex Sei Janiah
Janiah)) (Rubiaceae
(Rubiaceae))

N
N
H CH3
Harman

Arbain,, Annisa,
Arbain Annisa, Putra, 1012

Previously isolated from O.communis

O.communis,, O. tomentosa and Ophiorrhiza Sp
(Arbain et al,
al, ACGC Chem. Res. Commun.,
Commun., 1998,7
1998,7,, 44
44--47 and
Hamzah et al, Pertanika J. Sci. and Technol.,
Technol., 1994, 2(1), 33.)

34
09/10/2012 HKBAI_UIN_2012
Research Results 09
7-Methyoxycoumarine from Boea treubii
(Skin infection and antiinflamation)

09/10/2012 HKBAI_UIN_2012 35

Apocynaceae
1.Voacanga foetida
2.Rauvolfia sumatrana
3.Dyera costulata
Rutaceae
4.Evodia cf. trichotoma
5.Elatostema sinuata
6.E. acuminata
7.Glycosmis sapindoides
Lauraceae
8.Phoebe lanceota
9.Litsea elliptica
Rhizophoraceae
10.Pellacalyx axillaris
Illiciaceae
study on other
11.Illicium anisatum Medicinal Sumatr
Leeaceae Barisan range of Sumatra
Ternstromiaceae
15.Leea indica
13.Eurya acuminata 16.Leea aculeata
Verbenaceae Piperaceae
14.Clerodendron siphonanthus 19.Piper mollissimum
20. Piper magnibacum
Menispermaceae 21. Piper porphyrophyllum
18.Stephania hernandifolia
Simarubaceae
22.Picrasma javanica
Moraceae
23. Brucea sumatrana
17.Ficus deltoideus
Euphorbiaceae
24.Margaritaria indica
25.Sapium baccatum
26.Antidesma montana
Chemical 27.A.tetrandra
28.Macaranga javanica
Myrtaceae
Sumatran
an 29. Syzigium polianthum

Celastraceae plants 30. Calophyllum enervosum

12.Cestrum nocturnum 31. Boea treubii

(D. Arbain
Arbain,, (2012), Inventory, Constituents and conservation of Biologically Important Sumatran Plants,
Natural Product Communications,
Communications, 7 (6), 799-
799-806. 36
36
09/10/2012
HKBAI_UIN_2012
 Chemical study of some
“the neglected”
Sumatran lower plants

09/10/2012 HKBAI_UIN_2012 37
09/10/2012 38

HKBAI_UIN_2012
Some collecting trips have been carried out in various parts of West Sumatran
Forests during 2008-
2008-2009 to collect various kind of fungy, lichens,
lichens,
liverworts and ferns,
So far, some lower plants below are being studied
for their chemical constituents

1. Scleroderma sinnamariense Mont

2. Bazzania sp
3. Stereocoulon sp
4. Dumortiera sp
5. Plagiochylla sp
sp
6.Trichomanes sp
7. Diplazium esculentum
8. Isonema longifolia
9. Stenochlaena pallustris
etc

(main problem is how to identify them scientifically)

09/10/2012 HKBAI_UIN_2012 39
 Research Results 2009

Isolation of the major constituents of fungus

Scleroderma sinnamariense Mont.
(Sclerodermataceae)
(Methanolic extract strongly inhibited the growth of some plant pathogenic bacteria)
bacteria)

O
MeO
O
OMe

OR
MeO O

I. R = H

II. R = Me

D. P. Putra, Nurmilasari,I. Komala, Y. Asakawa and Dayar Arbain,

Arbain, The Coloring
Constituents of Scleroderma sinnamariense (Sclerodermaceae), Natural Product
Communications,, 2011, 6 (3), 357-
Communications 357-360

09/10/2012 HKBAI_UIN_2012 40
Scleroderma sinnamariense

Antimicrobial Acvtivity test of

Antimicrobial
Scleroderma sinnamariense Mont MeOH extract

Concentration (mg/disk)
Microbes 2 1 0.5 0.25 C (0.03)

diameter of inhibition (cm)

Micrococcus luteus 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7 2.5

Staphylococcus aureus 0.9 0.8 - - 1.1
Bacillus cereus 1.0 0.9 0.8 - 1.2
Pseudomonas aeruginosa 0.9 0.7 - - 1.2
Salmonella parathypii 0.9 0.8 - - 1.1
S.epidermidis 1.0 0.9 0.9 - 1.2
Escherichia coli - - - - 1.3
09/10/2012 HKBAI_UIN_2012 41

C = standard chloramphenicol
 Antioxidative activity of extract and fractions of
S. sinnamariense (DPPH Methode)
No Time MeOH Hexane EtOAc BuOH T

(Min) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%)

1 1 30.57 86.75 94.52 38.51 44.2

2 3 33.75 87.10 94.52 42.40 65.8
3 5 36.04 87.28 94.52 44.87 71.6
4 10 38.86 87.63 94.52 48.59 75.2
5 15 41.70 87.98 94.35 51.24 75.2
6 20 44.52 89.40 94.35 54.06 75.6
7 25 46.64 88.69 94.35 56.36 75.6
8 30 48.76 88.86 94.35 58.48 75.7
9 35 50.53 89.05 94.35 60.07 75.7
42
T = Trolox
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Scleroderma sinnamariense
Inhibition of 4’,4”- dimethoxypulvinic acid (II)
toward some phytopathogenic bacteria

Pytophatogenic Host plant MIC (ppm)

bacteria

Ralstonia solanacearum Musa sp. 100

Pseudomonas solanacearum Solanum 3.1

lycopersicum L.
Pseudomonas stewartii Zea mays L. 3.1

Xanthomonas axonopodis Allium ascalonicum L. 200

pv.allii
Clavibacter michiganensis pv Solanum 100
michiganensis lycopersicum L.
09/10/2012 HKBAI_UIN_2012 43
ArOH
ArO H….O=

COSY

ArOH
ArO H….O=

HMBC HSQC
09/10/2012 HKBAI_UIN_2012 44
 The major constituent of Bazzania sp

OH

striatol

From Japanese Ptychantus triatus

09/10/2012 HKBAI_UIN_2012 45

Takeda et al, Bull.Chem.Soc.Jpn., (1983), 56, 1125-

1125-32.
 13C
MS/EI

1H

HSQC

HMBC

OH

09/10/2012 HKBAI_UIN_2012 46
Research Results 08
The Isolation and Identification
of the constituents of
Lichen Stereocoulon philippinense

1st isolation attemp

New compound, not Nat Prod but an artefact
and 2 (two) more isolated compounds

2nd isolation attemp

3 compounds isolated
1 identified as atranorin
2 decomposed within 3 days Atranorin

(Konig & Wright, 1999. Phytochem

Phytochem.. Anal., 279-284)
Anal., 10, 279-
09/10/2012 47

HKBAI_UIN_2012
 Gleichenia linearis (Burm.) Clarke
Unwanted weed,
destroys the fertile soil
and prevent other plants from
growing around this plant

K-Kaempferol Sulfate

Jubahar J., Dachr

DachrIIyanus,
yanus, Arbain D., Bakhtiar A., Mukhtar MH., Sargent MV
MV,, A Flavonoid Sulfate from
Gleichenia
09/10/2012 linearis (Burm;
Burm; Clarke),
Clarke), ACGC Chem.Res.
Chem.Res. Comn.
Comn. 20: 6-
6-7, 2006 48

HKBAI_UIN_2012
 Chemical Study of Diplazium esculentum

-Known as vegetable fern

-Traditionsally used to treat

skin infections

-Did not show activity toward

testing bacteria used.

-Did not show significant

antioxidant activities using
DPPH--Method
DPPH

- Three compounds isolated

one of them identified as
stigmast-5-en-3β-ol

09/10/2012 HKBAI_UIN_2012 49
 Some spectra of stigmast-5-en-3β-ol

HO
stigmast-5-en-3ß-ol

09/10/2012 HKBAI_UIN_2012 50
 Chemical Study of Trichomanes sp

-Traditionally used to treat diarhea and skin infections

- Found significantly active to inhibit the growth of
Escherichia coli,
Staphylococcus aureus ,
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Vibrio cholera
Salmonrla typhimurium
- Three compounds
compounds isolated, two identified as
2,4
2,4--dihydroxybenzoic acid (I)
2,4
2,4--dihydroxybenzaldehyd
dihydroxybenzaldehyd (II) CHO

H H
CO2H 6
1
2
J3-5=2.5 Hz
H 1 H 5 3
6 2
4
H OH
J5-6=8.5 Hz
5 3 O
4 O
H OH
H
OH HO OH
J3-6=1Hz
OH OH 51
09/10/2012 HKBAI_UIN_2012
 Inihibition test of extract and fractions of Trichomanes sp
toward the growth of Escherichia coli

MeOH Extract

10% 0%
20

10%
Heksane
10% Fraction
10% & 20%
Water
20% 20%
Fraction
10%

20% 10%

EtOAc Fraction

09/10/2012 HKBAI_UIN_2012 52
 DPPH--ANTIOKSIDANT TEST
DPPH
of extract and fractions of Trichomanes sp.

Concentration 5 mg/5 mL (MeOH)

Samples 200 µL 100 µL 50 µL 25 µL
% Inhibition:
Stem MeOH Ext. 90,14 79,08 59, 13 47,67
Hexane Frc 18,19 13,86 9,61 9,37
EtOAc Frc 90,38 91,66 92,78 92,95

Leaves MeOH Ext 82,45 68,67 59,93 51,60

Hexane Frc 48,24 33,89 27,32 21,955
EtOAc Frc 91,58 90,06 90,06 87,41

EtOAc Fraction Concentration 1 mg/5 mL (MeOH)

200 µL 100 µL 50 µL 25 µL
% Inhibition:
Stem 65,07 45,61 24,71 10,87
Leaves
09/10/2012 87,50 71,94
HKBAI_UIN_2012 42,94 22,92 53
 1H NMR of 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic Acid

CO2H
J3-5=2.5 Hz
H 1 H
6 2
J5-6=8.5 Hz
5 3
4
H OH
OH
J3-6=1Hz

09/10/2012 HKBAI_UIN_2012 54
 HMBC

COSY
HSQC

09/10/2012 HKBAI_UIN_2012 55
CHO
H5x
H5x X X
X
H3
H6

138

09/10/2012 56
HKBAI_UIN_2012
 Recent
Antimicrobial
and
antioxidant screenings
of Sumatran medicinal Fern

09/10/2012 HKBAI_UIN_2012 57
09/10/2012 HKBAI_UIN_2012 58
09/10/2012 HKBAI_UIN_2012 59
 On going work on Sumatran Fern

09/10/2012 HKBAI_UIN_2012 60
 “Standardization of some
Indonesian
(Sumatran)
Medicinal Plants Extracts”
(2004-2008)

09/10/2012 HKBAI_UIN_2012 61
 2004-2009 “Standardization of some Indonesian
Medicinal Plants Extracts”

Medicinal Plants Research Center-Unand

& Indonesian Food and Drug Control
(BPOM RI )

1. Daun Salam ((Syzygium

Syzygium polyanthum)
polyanthum)
2. Daun Jati Belanda ((Guazuma
Guazuma ulmifolia)
ulmifolia)
3. Daun Katu ((Sauropus
Sauropus androgynus
4. Gambir ((Uncaria
Uncaria gambier)
5. Daun Bluntas ((Pluchea
Pluchea indica)
indica)
6. Daun Dewa (Gynura
(Gynura procumben)
procumben)
7. Sidaguri ((Sida
Sida rhombifolia)
rhombifolia)
8. Daun Benalu ((Scurulla
Scurulla sp)
sp)
9. Tabat Barito ((Ficus
Ficus deltoidea)
deltoidea)
10. Suruhan ((Peperomia
Peperomia pelucida)
11. Rimpang Jahe Merah ((Zingiber
Zingiber officinale)
officinale)
12. Kayu Manis ((Cinnamomum
Cinnamomum burmanii)
burmanii)
13. Buah Makasar ((Brucea
Brucea sumatrana)
14. Murbei ((Morus
Morus alba)
alba)
15. Jagung ((Zea
Zea mays)
mays)
09/10/2012 HKBAI_UIN_2012 62

Faculty of Pharmacy-Andalas University

 Facts about Standardization of
Medicinal Plant extracts

Some have not been investigated chemically before

The chemical contents vary from different locations

The major constituents might not the active
compounds

Most of plants contain flavonoids

Intended marker/s could not be detected or
found in a very low yield.

Species from different locality may give totally
different major constituents.
09/10/2012 HKBAI_UIN_2012 63
 Conservation of Useful and
Endangered Sumatran Plants

(2001--2010
(2001 2010))

09/10/2012 HKBAI_UIN_2012 64
 Special Grant
2000 – Vice President RI-
2003 - President RI-
Bank Mandiri Special Grant
2004. Dept. National Education
2006. BPOM
Ex situ Conservation
of Sumatran Plants

Botanical Garden
of Andalas University :
(154 ha)

1.Medicinal Plant Garden

(KTOF, already opened and
planted 12 ha)

2.Arboretum
(ARB, already opened 12 ha)

3.Biological Research
09/10/2012 HKBAI_UIN_2012 65
Forest (HPPB, primary forest)
 09/10/2012 HKBAI_UIN_2012 66

Preparing the land for planting seedling collected from various location of Sumatran forests
 three years ago

09/10/2012 HKBAI_UIN_2012 67
 Conclusions
•More than 150 Sumatran plants have been investigated mainly for their main
major chemical constituents and preliminary biological activities

•Most of Sumatran Traditional Medicinal plants investigated

so far contained active or closely related to active compounds reported in Literature.

•More work has to be done on their biological activities and innovative and applied
research work still needed.

•Some Sumatran medicinal plants are very difficult to find now.

Need special attention to conserve these useful plants together with traditional culture,
arts and knowledge related to them.

Some of my dream in late 1970-th has come true and stll a lot more to be done

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 09/10/2012 HKBAI_UIN_2012 69

Presentation at Presidential Palace, 28 Februari 2003 (recognition usually comes late?)

Sumatran Biota Laboratory
Andalas University
Acknowledgment
(for Recent Study on Sumatran
Plants

Co-
Co-workers’
1. Prof. Dr. Amri Bachtiar
2. Prof .Dr. Deddi P. Putra
3. Dr. Friardi
Friardi,, Apt
4. Nova Syafni,
Syafni,
4. Sonya Annisa
5. Vivi Anggia
1. HKBAI for sponsoring the visit 6. Madonna Yennita
7. Vitrillia Rachmawary
8. Pratiwi
9. Neelam
2. The Competency Grant of Miistry of Education RI
(2008--2010
(2008 2010)) is gratefully acknowledged
3. We thank Professor Y. Asakawa from Faculty of Pharmacy,
Tokushima Bunry University for providing the NMR and
references.
MS spectra as well as some key references. 70

09/10/2012 HKBAI_UIN_2012
30 September 2009
earthquake

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The Minangkabau bridal dress

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