Professional Documents
Culture Documents
TC TM GR-800-1-00211
TC TM GR-800-1-00211
02
Torque converter
Transmission
RF80C-76F4
Model RF80M-77J0
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Foreword
Foreword
This service manual gives the disassembly and WARNING
reassembly procedures for torque converters and Never touch the body cases during operation
transmissions used in rough terrain cranes. and immediately after operation.
The models covered are listed below. Touching the body can cause burns.
Before starting repair these units, check the model
to
Never get close to rotating parts of the body
code given on the model plate on the unit.
during operation.
Use this manual in conjunction with the relevant parts You can be caught in the rotating parts, resulting
catalog, service manual and other reference materials
in an injury.
and make proper preparations.
Never operate the manual lock device on the tip
of the solenoid valve when the engine is
1. model running.
Applicable crane
When operating the manual lock device
once
The table below shows the relationship between the while the engine is not running, always return it
crane models, the models of torque converters, and to the original state.
transmissions used. If the manual lock device is operated or left in
operation while the engine is running, the
vehicle can start and cause an injury.
Model
Eyes on the
body cases are provided to hang
Crane Torque converter Transmission themselves only. Before lifting, always remove
TR-800XXL-4 the accessories including the pump, propeller
GR-800XL-1 shafts, flexible joints and motors from the main
TR-600XXL-4 unit, otherwise the eyes can be damaged due to
GR-600XL-1 excessive loads, leading to an injury.
RF80C-76F4 RF80M-77J0
GR-700EXL-1
GR-700EX-1
GR-550EX-1
[NOTICE]
There is a case that the appearance and so on
differ from the parts for this crane. Although there is
not so much difference in functions and
disassembly procedures, make sure of the serial
number of this crane and the
part sales unit
described in theparts catalog before starting
disassembling operations.
1 W561-0102E
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Foreword
2.2 Transmission external view ...................... 13 9.Shift between High and Low speeds
2.3 Transmission assy.................................... 14 cannot be achieved. ............................39
2. Transmission ........................................... 46
Function ................................................ 22 2.1 Transmission assy ....................................46
2 W561-0102E
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Foreword
Oil ................................................ 54
Test ................................................ 55
1. Overhaul interval...................................... 57
3 W561-0102E
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Structure
Structure
This torque converter is a 3-element, 1-stage,
1. Torque converter
2-phase unit, composed of an impeller vane wheel,
a turbine vane wheel and a stator vane wheel.
1.1 Torque converter sectional view
The unit also incorporates a lock-up clutch.
4 W561-0102E
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Structure
5 W561-0102E
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Structure
6 W561-0102E
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Structure
7 W561-0102E
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Structure
1.Housing 19.Ball
bearing 37.Oil seal 55.Parallel
pin
2.Cover 20.Ball
bearing 38.Snap ring 56.Temperature sensor
3.Oil seal 21.Snap ring 39.Washer 57.Magnetic plug
4.Cover 22.Snap ring 40.Shim 58.Bolt with washer
5.Gasket 23.Washer 41.Shim 59.Flange bolt
6.Gear (N) 24.--- 42.O-ring 60.Flange bolt
7.Snap ring 25.--- 43.Piston 61.Bolt
8.Turbine shaft 26.Washer 44.Spring 62.Bolt
9.Stator support 27.Snap ring 45.Spring 63.---
10.Ball bearing 28.Ball bearing 46.Spring 64.Plug
11.Seal ring 29.Ball bearing 47.Stopper 65.Bolt
12.Seal ring 30.Washer 48.Cover 66.Gear (M)
13.Seal ring 31.Snap ring 49.Gasket 67.Spacer (C)
14.Shaft 32.Flange (output coupling) 50.Plug
15.Gear (Q) 33.O-ring 51.O-ring
16.Shaft (S) 34.Washer 52.Cover
17.Shaft (C) 35.Bolt 53.Coin filter
18.Washer 36.Oil seal 54.Spacer
8 W561-0102E
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Structure
9 W561-0102E
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Structure
10 W561-0102E
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Structure
Tightening torque
Part
Part name Standard Maximum limit
No.
N・m ft-lbf N・m ft-lbf
Conversion table
Torque, moment
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Structure
2. Transmission
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Structure
13 W561-0102E
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Structure
14 W561-0102E
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Structure
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Structure
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Structure
17 W561-0102E
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Structure
18 W561-0102E
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Structure
19 W561-0102E
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Structure
20 W561-0102E
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Structure
Tightening torque
Part
Part name Standard Maximum limit
No.
N・m ft-lbf N・m ft-lbf
Conversion table
Torque, moment
21 W561-0102E
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Function
1. The periphery of the impeller wheel is connected 2. One is the fluid coupling, and the other is the
to the engine flywheel through the front cover, torque converter. They consist of the following
input guide and input plate. The inner bore of the main components as shown below.
converter housing with bolts. 5. As the pump has radial vanes, oil flows
(impeller)
out from the periphery of the vanes and flows into
5. The stator wheel adds reaction torque, which is
the periphery of the turbine placed face-to-face
generated when torque converter oil returns from
with the pump (impeller).
the turbine wheel assy to the impeller wheel, to
the turbine torque, thus increasing the turbine 6. The oil flows towards the center of the turbine
torque compared to the input torque. the turbine blades while
along transmitting
rotational force to the turbine. The oil eventually
6. The stator wheel can free wheel when the speed
returns to the center of the pump (impeller).
ratio between the impeller wheel and the turbine
achieved.
IW561-0031J018E
22 W561-0102E
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Function
7. In this way, firstly the rotating flow around the 10.As a measure to improve the transmission
shaft is generated by the rotating pump (impeller), efficiency under heavy loads, the torque converter
and secondly the resulting centrifugal force is invented by placing a stator wheel between the
induces vortex flow circulating between the pump turbine outlet and the pump (impeller) inlet.
8. The fluid coupling has to continuously use oil as turbine to the pump (impeller) flows in the
the transmission medium within a sealed space. direction to retard the pump rotation at the
(impeller) and turbine is large under heavily 12.On the other hand, in case of the torque
loaded conditions like startup or hill climbing, the converter, the returning oil is redirected by the
transmission efficiency is low and large input stator wheel to the direction to push the impeller
torque from the pump (impeller) is required to blades forward. This results in improved
drive the turbine. efficiency under heavy loads and larger turbine
Fluid coupling
Pump Turbine
The oil flow disturbs the pump rotation.
IW561-0031J019
23 W561-0102E
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Function
13.The stator can either freewheel or be locked 17.With the one-way clutch, the stator wheel is
according to the direction of the discharged oil locked in one direction to get amplified torque.
flow from the turbine outlet, thus improving the And in the opposite direction, it can freewheel to
hits against the back of the stator blades. Stator locked Stator freewheeling
IW561-0031J021E
by oil flow.
Clutch point
Works as converter Works fluid
as coupling
Stator locked
Stator freewheeling
5 100
Torque ratio
4 80
3 60
Efficiency
Torque %
2 40
Pump torque
1 20
Torque converter range
Coupling range
01
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0 .
Speed ratio
IW561-0031J022E
24 W561-0102E
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Function
19.When the speed ratio is low, the stator wheel is 2. When the lock-up conditions are met, the external
locked and amplifies torque. So the efficiency control unit (MDT) sends a signal to energize the
rises as the speed ratio becomes higher with its solenoid valve, making pressure oil from the
peak at the speed ratio around 0.6. After that the charging pump lead to the lock-up clutch and the
20.Once the speed ratio reaches the clutch point, 3.The accumulator causes the lock-up clutch
the stator wheel starts to freewheel without pressure to rise gradually in order to lessen
21.The functioning ranges such as torque converter directly to the turbine shaft without passing
range and fluid coupling range are called 'phases'. through the torque converter. This can improve
The number of turbine wheels is counted by the transmission efficiency and fuel consumption
'stages', and each kind of vane wheel is called an rate.
'element'.
5. The pickup sensor built in the transmission
22.Then the torque converter explained in this housing detects the rotational speed of the pickup
document is a three-elements, single stage, sensor gear, corresponding to the vehicle speed,
two-phases type. and sends it to the external control unit (MDT).
Pickup sensor
1.3 PTO clutch
lock-up clutch.
25 W561-0102E
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Function
2. Transmission
2.1 General
output shaft at the rear of the vehicle is equipped 1. This valve adjusts the pressure of the oil delivered
with a 2-wheel/4-wheel drive selection and High/ from the charging pump to the constant
Low range selection. predetermined pressure 2.1
-
26 W561-0102E
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Function
st
1. This valve controls the forward 1 (F1) clutch,
nd rd
forward 2 (F2) clutch, Forward 3 (F3) and
27 W561-0102E
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Function
4. The pressure oil also flows into the accumulator to 2.6 Forward-reverse select modulation
pressure-accumulated.
completely released.
gradually increases.
engagement.
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Function
2.7 Clutch line pressure diagram 2.9 Lubricating oil flow control valve
The diagram below shows the clutch line pressure 1. This valve regulates the pressure oil flowing from
0.15
MPa {11.6 --
Piston
From oil cooler
Oil
pressure
Time
IW561-0031J040E
F1ONOFFOFFOFFONOFF
F2OFFONOFFOFFONOFF
F3OFFOFFONOFFONOFF
F4ONOFFOFFOFFOFFON
F5OFFONOFFOFFOFFON
F6OFFOFFONOFFOFFON
R1OFFOFFOFFONONOFF
R2OFFOFFOFFONOFFON
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Function
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Function
31 W561-0102E
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Function
2.12 Clutch
6. The clutch piston is equipped with a steel ball in
1. The clutch is composed of a clutch piston, drive the oil passage to the to
leading atmosphere
plates and disks. The shaft supporting the of the clutch.
prevent an erroneous operation
clutches has internal passages for clutch
7. As the clutch drum and clutch piston rotates at
operating oil and lubricating oil.
high speed, the oil remaining between the clutch
2. The disk has a paper type surface for better wear drum and is
piston pressurized by centrifugal
resistance and improved smoothness at the time force and could the clutch and
push piston
of engagement. The drive plate is made of
eventually engages the clutch, even when the
special steel for durability, wear resistance and valves do not direct oil to the to
push piston
secure engagement. engage the clutch.
3. The pressure oil from the hydraulic valve enters 8. The steel ball is designed to prevent this
the shaft from its end and flows through the unwanted clutch The
engagement. centrifugal
internal passage to the space between the clutch force steel ball and makes the
moves radially
drum and the clutch piston. the oil in the oil
pinhole open, allowing remaining
chamber between the clutch drum and clutch
4. The pressure oil pushes the clutch piston against
piston to flow out to the atmosphere.
the return spring force to firmly engage the drive
plates and disks.
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Function
filter.
2.45
MPa {304.5 --
passages.
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Function
34 W561-0102E
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Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting
1. Power cannot be transmitted.
Torquecnvt
Faulty charging pump Repair or replace
Damaged input plate Replace
Mechanical
Broken input plate mounting bolts Replace
parts
Damaged shaft or gear Replace
Insufficient oil Supply oil.
Transmi o Mechanical
Damaged
Damaged
seal
shaft
Damaged spline
ring
or gear
Replace
Replace
Repair or replace
Damaged clutch drum Replace
parts
Damaged snap ring for back plate Replace
Damaged clutch drive plates or disks Replace
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Troubleshooting
Oil with air mixed in it entered charging pump. Inspect joints and gaskets.
Clogged line filter Clean or replace
Hydraulic Decreased charging pump delivery rate Check and replace
system Faulty operation of solenoid valve for lock-up Check and replace
Torquecnvt
clutch
Transmi o
system Check and replace
(hydraulic valve)
Damaged seal ring Replace
Clogged strainer Clean or replace
Use of wrong (unspecified) oil Use specified oil.
Oil with air mixed in it entered charging pump. Inspect joints and gaskets.
Mechanical Seized clutch Replace
parts Seized or damaged bearing Replace
36 W561-0102E
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Troubleshooting
Torquecnvt
system Faulty oil cooler Repair or replace
Clogged line filter Clean or replace
Vane wheels touch each other. Check and replace
Mechanical
Seized PTO clutch Replace
parts
Seized or damaged bearing Replace
Excessive or insufficient oil Adjust oil quantity.
Clogged hydraulic line Check and replace
Hydraulic
Transmi o
Damaged lubricating oil flow control valve
system Replace
(damaged spring)
Clogged strainer Clean or replace
Mechanical Seized clutch Replace
parts Seized or damaged bearing Replace
Torquecnvt
Damaged input plate Replace
Damaged gear or spline Replace
Mechanical
Damaged bearing Replace
parts
Vane wheels touch each other. Check and replace
Damaged damper spring in turbine wheel Replace
Hydraulic Insufficient oil oil.
(cavitation) Supply
system
Damaged gear or spline Replace
Mechanical
Damaged bearing Replace
Transmi o
parts
Seized clutch Replace
Gear noise Low air pressure Increase air pressure by running engine.
when
Sleeve and gear (or spline) out of engagement Change selector switch again.
2-wheel/4-whe
Shift position not in neutral Set shift position to neutral.
el drive selector
shifted Vehicle not completely stopped Stop vehicle completely.
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Troubleshooting
Transmi o
system
Clogged drain line in solenoid valve or hydraulic Check and replace
valve
Hydraulic Faulty operation of check ball in clutch piston Check and replace
Transmi o
system
Clogged hydraulic circuits like modulating valve, Check and clean
hydraulic valve or solenoid valve
Mechanical
Worn-out clutch drive plates and disks Replace
parts
Transmi o Hydraulic
system
Faulty operation of accumulator piston
High/Low selector valve
for
Check and replace
Air cylinder Air leakage due to damaged piston packing Replace packing.
Transmi o Mechanical
parts
Damaged
Damaged
shifter fork
Replace
38 W561-0102E
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Troubleshooting
Air cylinder Air leakage due to damaged piston packing Replace packing.
Transmi o Mechanical
parts
Damaged
Damaged
shifter fork
Replace
39 W561-0102E
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Disassembly
[NOTICE]
Thoroughly clean the outside before starting
disassembly. Disassemble the torque converter
on a clear surface.
IW561-0081E020
Washer
Snap ring
Turbine shaft
IW561-0081E021
40 W561-0102E
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Disassembly
6. Using a sling and eye bolts, pull out converter 9. Using tapped extractor holes and a sling and eye
circuit and cover as a unit from housing. bolts, remove front cover and turbine assy as a
O-ring
Cover
IW561-0081E023
cover.
IW561-0081E024
One-way clutch
Outer race
Thrust
Impeller assy
IW561-0081E025
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Disassembly
Turbine assy
Snap ring
Pressure plate
Piston
Disc
16.Remove bolts (M10, 10 pcs.), and remove cover
and gasket.
D-shaped
ring
Flange
O-ring Bolt
Washer
IW561-0081E030
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Disassembly
17.Remove PTO clutfh. (If difficult to remove, 20.Remove O-ring in the steering pump mounting
carefully tap the shaft end from inside housing.) portion.
Housing
PTO clutch
IW561-0081E034
carefully tap the shaft end from inside housing.) 22.Remove snap rings retaining PTO bearings and
remove washer.
Turbine shaft
IW561-0081E036
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Disassembly
23.Pull out shaft with bearings. (If difficult to 26.Remove snap ring holding back plate and piston.
remove, carefully tap the shaft end from inside
Snap ring Back plate
housing.)
IW561-0081E043
Piston
special tool.
24.Remove flange bolts (M10, 6 pcs.), and pull out
IW561-0081E044
Stator support 28.Pull out back plate, discs, drive plates, washer,
return spring, piston and seal ring.
Back plate
IW561-0081E041
Drive Disc
25.Remove snap and out ball plate
ring, pull bearing,
thrust washer, and PTO driven gear from PTO
Washer
clutch.
Return
Snap ring
spring
Thrust washer
PTO driven gear Piston
Seal ring
Ball IW561-0081E045
bearing
IW561-0081E042
44 W561-0102E
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Disassembly
Bolt Cover
Gasket
IW561-0081E046
Piston Spring
Stopper
IW561-0081E047
Solenoid
IW561-0081E048
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Disassembly
clear surface.
IW561-0081E054
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Disassembly
7. Pull out shift fork, sleeve, and needle bearing, and 10.Remove bolts (M10, 23pcs.) and hexagon socket
shaft.
Shaft
IW561-0081E056
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Disassembly
gear.
48 W561-0102E
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Disassembly
18.Remove bolts(M10, 5pcs.), and remove 21.Remove snap ring, and pull out shaft from
steel ball.
23. Remove plug with O-ring from front housing, and
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Disassembly
[NOTICE]
As the basic disassembling procedure is common
to allhydraulic clutches, the following description on
hydraulic clutch (F3, F1) assy can be applied to
others.
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Disassembly
1. Remove seal rings (3 pcs.) from the shaft end, 4. Using minus driver, remove snap ring holding
and remove snap ring and washer. back plate, and remove conical plate, back
washer.
special tool.
Snap ring
3. In addition, remove snap ring and thrust washer,
IW561-0081E079
same manner.
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Disassembly
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Reassembly
Reassembly 2. Transmission
Perform reassembly operations in the reverse order foreign material from them. Especially carefully
of disassembly while paying attention to the clean oil grooves and oil passages. But it is not
following notes.
necessary to wash O-rings, D-shaped rings, oil
foreign material from them. Especially carefully 3. Wash parts (spools and pistons) of the main
clean oil grooves and oil passages. But it is not
pressure regulating valve, torque converter inlet
necessary to wash O-rings, D-shaped rings, oil
relief valve, the oil flow control valve
lubricating
seals, disks and gaskets. and control valve that are built in the converter
2. oil seals and housing, and apply genuine oil to them before
Replace O-rings, D-shaped rings,
with installing them.
gaskets new ones.
6. When oil seal, the space 7. When installing an oil seal, pack the space
installing an pack
between with Albania Grease No. 2 No. 3 between lips with Albania Grease No. 2 or No. 3
lips or
to approx. one-third to a half of the space volume. to approx. one-third to a half of the space volume.
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Oil
Oil [NOTICE]
Check the oil level when the oil temperature is
1. Recommended oil
approx. 50°C(122°F).
[NOTICE] Total oil quantity: approx. 30L (7.93 gal)
Torque converter oil should have the following
properties: 3. Run the for approx. five minutes, and add
engine
Proper viscosity at high temperature oil until the oil level stabilizes at the height
Good fluidity at low temperature between the center of the oil level gauge and 'H'.
High oxidation stability
Antifoaming tendency and lubricating property
Be sure to use only the brands listed below for oil
replenishment and change. Be careful to add only
the same brand oil for replenishment.
Recommended oils
transmission.
[NOTICE]
After take out the torque converter, drain oil from
the converter turbine wheel by removing the plug on
troubles.
1. While the engine does not run, remove the oil filler
2. Shift the gear shift lever to 'N' and set the PTO to
-1
'OFF'. With the engine idling (at approx. 670 min ),
gradually add oil.
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Test
Test [NOTICE]
When measuring the pressure, be sure to drive the
[NOTICE] tires in the 4-wheel drive mode.
by extending outrigger jacks, make sure that the PTO clutch pressure and lubricating oil pressure,
4-wheel drive mode is selected.
connect pressure gauges to the respective
1. Operational check pressure check ports, extend the outrigger jacks
to lift the tires off the ground and measure the
[NOTISE] the gear shift lever.
pressures by changing
Set the transmission clutch to 'N' for a no load
condition. Standard pressure table
1. Drive the torque converter at various speeds from Oil temperature for measurement: 70 to 80°C
low to high, and make sure that: (158 to 176°F)
No unusual noise, 2
Standard valve kPa {kgf/cm } (psi)
No abnormal vibration, and Item -1 -1
670min 2600min
No oil leakage.
Torque converter 30 {0.3} or more 300-700{3-7}
inlet pressure (4.35) (43.5-101.5)
[NOTICE]
When be to drive the tires Torque converter 20 {0.2} or more 300-500{3-5}
checking conditions, sure
2.45 MPa
2. Extend the outrigger jacks and shift the gear shift {19.4} {21.4 25} -
lever to 'N', 'D' and 'R', and change the engine (275.5) (304.5-355.3)
from low to at each shift to Transmission 5-50 80-150
speed high position
lubricating oil {0.05 0.5}
-
{0.8-1.5}
make sure that:
pressure (0.7-7.25) (11.6-21.8)
No unusual noise,
No oil leakage.
2. Pressure measurement
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Test
3. Stall test
CAUTION
[NOTICE]
Be sure to perform this test in the 4-wheel drive
mode.
56 W561-0102E
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Maintenance standards
Maintenance standards
3. Check all disassembled parts by proper methods
1. Overhaul interval like visual for cracks, flaws, unusual
inspection
wear, corrosion, etc. If these defects are evident,
1. It is recommended that an overhaul should be
replace or repair them.
given every two years or 4,000 hours of operation,
whichever comes first. 4. If a part is worn over the 'part replacement
standards' below, only itself or its pair or the entire
2. Replace rubber parts such as oil seals and
set should be replaced.
O-rings, gaskets and copper gaskets.
Oil seal
O-ring
Replace all parts. Replace all parts at overhaul.
Gasket
Copper gasket
nd th
Oil seal ring Replace all parts at 2 and 4 overhauls.
Stator freewheel
Replace parts exceeding its wear limit.
Replace flat springs if defective.
Inspect the condition.
Oil seal sliding surface
Bearing
Spring
relatively quickly, and need Seal rings Oil seal ring, snap ring, fiber plate, steel
B
frequent replacement at Clutch plates plate
overhauls
defective. rings
Parts thatnormally do not need to Gears Various gears, clutch shaft, turbine shaft,
D be replaced, but should be Shafts
flange
replaced only if found defective.
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Maintenance standards
The numerals in parentheses in the table such as (1.5-43) correspond to the Section No. and Part No. in the
"Structure".
(1mm=0.03937in) (mm)
Standard
Check item Use limit
value
AB
Clearance between lock-up accumulator piston
0.020-0.065 0.085
IW561-0031J115
(1.5-43)and housing bore (A B)-
A: Housing bore ID
B: Piston OD
A
Drive plate(1.6-5) thickness 1.53-1.67 1.4
PTO clutch
IW561-0031J119
A: Clearance for
Clearance for disenagement (A) 1.5-2.3 3.5
clutch
disengagement
Lock-up clutch disc(1.4-32) thickness 4.95-5.25 4.5
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Maintenance standards
Oil seal
(mm)
Standard
Check item Use limit
value
Impeller assy
Output coupling
Seal ring
(mm)
Standard
Check item Use limit
value
Teflon ring Radial thickness (A) 1.4-1.6 1.2
At the Seal ring (1.5-12)
B Axial width (B) 2.95-3.0 2.55
cover
turbine slides
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Maintenance standards
(mm)
Standard
Check item Use limit
value
Area of impeller
B At stator
assy(1.4-1) on Φ76-
support Inside dia. (C) Φ76.03 Φ76.2
A which seal ring
slides
60 W561-0102E
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Maintenance standards
3.2 Transmission
The numerals in parentheses in the table such as (2.3-86) correspond to the Section No. and Part No. in the
"Structure".
B)
Clearance between main pressure regulator valve
0.015-0.049 0.07
piston(2.3-83-a) and housing bore (A B) --
B
Clearance between lubricating oil flow control valve
0.015-0.049 0.07
piston(2.3-83-b) and valve body bore (A B) --
A: Housing bore ID
B: Piston OD Clearance between F1,F2,F3,R accumulator
0.020-0.065 0.085
C: Spool OD piston(2.3-88) and housing bore (A B) --
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Maintenance standards
(mm)
Standard
Check item Use limit
value
clutch
disengagement
B F1,F2,F3,R clutch
return spring
C
IW561-0031J116 (2.4-11),(2.5-11) 640N 576N
Force when installed (C) {143.9lbf} {129.5lbf}
A: Free length
B: Installed length
C: Spring force
when installed
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Maintenance standards
Oil seal
(mm)
Standard
Check item Use limit
value
Input coupling
Output coupling
Peripheral surface of output coupling (2.3-16) Φ79.926-
that contacts oil seal(2.3-33), (2.3-34) (front Φ80 Φ79.81
wheel side, rear wheel side)
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Maintenance standards
Seal ring
(mm)
Standard
Check item Use limit
value
Teflon ring Radial thickness 1.6-1.8 1.4
(A)
Seal ring (2.4-22)
B AtR Axial width (B) 2.87-2.92 2.47
side end
Area of front
A of F2,R Φ45.20-
housing(2.3-8) on Inside dia. (C) Φ45.25 Φ45.35
clutch
which seal ring slides
shaft
Groove width where 3.0-3.15 3.30
IW561-0031J117
Groove width (D)
seal ring is installed
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347-411-60000 △
1
65 W561-0102E 65
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6ΞΠΛΓΔ ΝΞ
7ΡΝ∴Ρ -ΔΣΔΘ
7ΗΟ
7ΗΟ ΙΔ[
+Λ?ΩΡΥ∴ ΡΙ ΥΗΨΛ?ΛΡΘ
page 67 of 67