Instituto Tecnológico de México

Instituto Tecnológico de La Paz

Algebra Lineal

“Ejercicios de la unidad III”

Resolver los siguientes ejercicios por Gauss-Jordán
Ejercicios 1
3𝑋 + 𝑌 − 𝑍 = 1 3 1−1=1 1 2−1=1 1 2−1=1
1) 𝑋 + 2𝑌 − 𝑍 = 1 = 1 2 − 1 = 1 F3 ↔ F2 = 3 1 − 1 = 1 F2 – 3F1 = 0 − 5 2 = −2
𝑋 − 𝑌 + 2𝑍 = −17 1 − 1 2 = −17 1 − 1 2 = −17 1 − 1 2 = −17

1 2−1=1 1 2−1=1 1 0 − 0.2 = 0.2

= F3 – F1 = 0 − 5 2 = −2 = F2 / -5 = 0 1 − 0.4 = 0.4 F1 – 2F2 = 0 1 − 0.4 = 0.4 = F3 – 3F1 =
0 − 3 3 = −18 0 − 3 3 = −18 0 − 3 3 = −18

1 0 − 0.2 = 0.2 1 0 − 0.2 = 0.2 1 0 − 0.2 = 0.2

= 0 1 − 0.4 = 0.4 = F3 / 1.8 = 0 1 − 0.4 = 0.4 = F2 + 0.4F3 = 0 1 0 = −3.33 = F1 + 0.2F3 =
0 0 1.8 = −16.8 0 0 1 = −9.33 0 0 1 = −9.33

𝑥 = −5/3
1 0 0 = −1.66
= 0 1 0 = −3.33 == 𝑦 = −10/3
0 0 1 = −9.33
𝑧 = −28/3

7𝑋 + 3𝑌 − 4𝑍 = −35 7 3 − 4 = −35 1 1 − 6 = −27 2 2 − 12 = −54

2) 2𝑋 − 2𝑌 + 5𝑍 = 38 = 2 − 2 5 = 38 = F3 ↔ F1 = 2 − 2 5 = 38 = 2F1 = 2 − 2 5 = 38
𝑋 + 𝑌 − 6𝑍 = −27 1 1 − 6 = −27 7 3 − 4 = −35 7 3 − 4 = −35

2 2 − 12 = −54 7 7 − 42 = −189 7 7 − 42 = −189

= F2 – F1 = 0 − 4 17 = 92 = (F1 / 2) * 7= 0 − 4 17 = 92 = F3 – F1 = 0 − 4 17 = 92 =F1 / 7=
7 3 − 4 = −35 7 3 − 4 = −35 0 − 4 38 = 154

1 1 − 6 = −27 1 1 − 6 = −27 1 0 − 1.75 = −4

= 0 − 4 17 = 92 = F2 / -4 = 0 1 − 4.25 = −23 = F1 – F2 = 0 1 − 4.25 = −23 F3 – (-4F2) =
0 − 4 38 = 154 0 − 4 38 = 154 0 − 4 38 = 154

1 0 − 1.75 = −4 1 0 − 1.75 = −4 1 0 0 = 1.16

0 1 − 4.25 = −23 = F3 / 21 = 0 1 − 4.25 = −23 = F2 + 1.75F3 = 0 1 − 4.25 = −23 =F2 + 4.25F3=
0 0 21 = 62 0 0 1 = 2.95 0 0 1 = 2.95

𝑥 = 7/6
1 0 0 = 1.16
𝑦 = −439/42
0 1 0 = −10.45
0 0 1 = 2.95 𝑧 = 62/21

1 5 6
4𝑋 − 𝑌 + 5𝑍 = −6 4 − 1 5 = −6 1 − 4 4 = −4
3) 3𝑋 + 3𝑌 − 4𝑍 = 30 = 3 3 − 4 = 30 =F1/4= 3 3 − 4 = 30 = F2 – 3F1=
6𝑋 + 2𝑌 − 3𝑍 = 33 6 2 − 3 = 33 6 2 − 3 = 33
 1 5 6
1−4
1 5
= −4
6 1−4 4
= −4
4 15 31 138
0
15 31 = F3 – 6F1 = 0
− 4 = 4
138
4
− 4 = 4 = F2 / (15/4) = =
4 14 42
6 2 − 3 = 33 0 4
− 4 = 42
1 5 6 11 4 11 4
1− =− 1 0 =5 1 0 15
=5
4 4 4 15
31 46 31 46 14 31 46 49
0 1 − 15 = 5 = F1 + (1/4) F2 = 0 1 − 15 = 5 = F3 – ( 4 ) F1 = 0 1 − =
15 5
F1/− 15 =
14 42 14 42 49 49
0 − 4 = 42 0 4
− 4 = 42 0 0 − 15 = 5
4
11 4
1 0 15
=5 1 0 0=3 100=3 𝑥=3
11 31 46 31
0 1 −
31 46
= 5 = F1 - 15F3 = 0 1 − 15 = 5 = F2 + 15F3 = 0 1 0 = 3 =
15 𝑦=3
0 0 1 = −3 0 0 1 = −3
0 0 1 = −3
𝑧 = −3

4 10 2
9𝑋 + 4𝑌 − 10𝑍 = 6 9 4 − 10 = 6 1 9 − 9 =3
4) 6𝑋 − 8𝑌 + 5𝑍 = −1 = 6 − 8 5 = −1 = F1/9 = 6 − 8 5 = −1 = F2 – 6F1 =
12𝑋 + 12𝑌 − 15𝑍 = 10 12 12 − 15 = 10 12 12 − 15 = 10

4 10 2 104 2
1
4 10
− =
2 1 − = 1 = −
9 9 3 99 3
9 9 3 32 35 35 15
32 4
0 −
32 35
= −5 = F3 – 12F1 = 0 − 3 3
= −5 = F2/− = 0 1 − 32 = 32 = F1 - F2 =
3 9
3 3
20 5 20 5
12 12 − 15 = 10 0 3
−3=2 0 3 −3=2

5 11 5 11 5 11
1 0 − = 1 0 − = 1 0 − 8 = 24
8 24 8 24
35 15 20 35 15 49 35 15 5
0 1 − 32 = 32 = F3 - F2 =0 1 − 32 = 32 = F3 / = 0 1 − 32 = 32 = F1 + 8F3 =
3 8
20 5 49 9 1
0 3 −3=2 0 0 8
= −8 0 0 1 = −5

1 1
1 0 0=3 1 0 0=3 𝑥 = 1/3
35 15 35 1
0 1 − 32
= 32 = F2 + F3 = 0 1 0= 4
= 𝑦 = 1/4
32
1 1
0 0 1 = −5 0 0 1= −5 𝑧 = −1/5

3 1 3 1
5𝑋 + 3𝑌 − 𝑍 = −11 5 3 − 1 = −11 1 5 − 5 = −11 1 5 − 5 = −11
5) 10𝑋 − 𝑌 + 𝑍 = 10 = 10 − 1 1 = 10 = F1/5 = 10 − 1 1 = 10 = F2 – 10F1 = 0 − 7 3 = 32
15𝑋 − 2𝑌 − 𝑍 = −7 15 − 2 − 1 = −7 15 − 2 − 1 = −7 15 − 2 − 1 = −7

3 1 3 1 2 19
1 5 − 5 = −11 1 5 − 5 = −11 1 0 35 = 35
3
= F3 – 15F1 = 0 − 7 3 = 32 = F2 / -7 = 0 1 − = − = F1 - 5 𝐹1 = 0 1 − 3 = − 32 =
3 32
7 7 7 7
0 − 11 2 = 26 0 − 11 2 = 26 0 − 11 2 = 26
 2 19 2 19 2 19
1 0 = 1 0 = 1 0 =
35 35 35 35 35 35
3 32 19 3 32 3 14 2
F3 + 11F2 = 0 1 −7=− 7 = F3/− 7
=0 1 −7=− 7 = F2 + 7F3 = 0 1 0 = − 19 = F1 - 35 𝐹3
19 170 170 170
0 0 − 7 =− 7 0 0 1 = 19 0 0 1 = 19

3
1 0 0 = 95 𝑥 = 3/95
14
=0 1 0=−
19
= 𝑦 = −14/19
170
0 0 1 = 19 𝑧 = 170/19

𝑋 + 𝑌 + 𝑍 = 11 1 1 1 = 11 1 1 1 = 11 1 1 1 = 11
6) 𝑋 − 𝑌 + 3𝑍 = 13 = 1 − 1 3 = 13 = F2-F1 = 0 2 − 2 = −2 = F3-2F1 = 0 2 − 2 = −2 = F2/2=
2𝑋 + 2𝑌 − 𝑍 = 7 2 2 − 1 = 7 2 2−1=7 0 0 − 3 = −15

1 1 1 = 11 1 0 2 = 12 1 0 2 = 12 1 0 0=2
0 1 − 1 = −1 = F1-F2= 0 1 − 1 = −1 = F3/-3=0 1 − 1 = −1=F1-2F3=0 1 − 1 = −1= F2+F3=
0 0 − 3 = −15 0 0 − 3 = −15 0 0 1=5 0 0 1=5

1 0 0=2
𝑥=2
0 1 0=4=
0 0 1=5 𝑦=4
𝑧=5

𝑋 + 𝑌 + 𝑍 = −6 1 1 1 = −6 1 1 1 = −6 1 1 1 = −6
7) 2𝑋 + 𝑌 − 𝑍 = −1 = 2 1 − 1 = −1 = F2-F1*2 = 0 − 1 − 3 = 11 = F3-F1 = 0 − 1 − 3 = 11= F2/-1 =
𝑋 − 2𝑌 + 3𝑍 = −6 1 − 2 3 = −6 1 − 2 3 = −6 0−3 2=0

1 1 1 = −6 1 0 −2=5 1 0 −2=5 1 0 −2 = 5
0 1 3 = −11 =F1-F2 = 0 1 3 = −11 = F3-(-3F2) = 0 1 3 = −11 = F3/11 = 0 1 3 = −11 =
0−3 2=0 0−3 2=0 0 0 11 = −33 0 0 1 = −3

𝑥 = −1
1 0 0 = −1 1 0 0 = −1
F2- (-2F3) = 0 1 3 = −11 = F2-3F3 = 0 1 0 = −2 = 𝑦 = −2
0 0 1 = −3 0 0 1 = −3
𝑧 = −3
 3 3 3 3
2𝑋 + 3𝑌 + 4𝑍 = 3 2 + 3 + 4 = 3 1 2 2= 2 1 2 2= 2
8) 2𝑋 + 6𝑌 + 8𝑍 = 5 = 2 + 6 + 8 = 5 = F1/2 = 2 6 8 = 5 = F2-2F1 = 0 3 4 = 2 = F3-4F1 =
4𝑋 + 9𝑌 − 4𝑍 = 4 4 + 9 − 4 = 4 4 9− 4=4 4 9− 4=4

3 3 3 3 1 1
1 2= 1 2 2= 2 1 0 0= 2 1 0 0= 2
2 2 3
0 3 4 = 2 = F2/3 = 0 1 = 3 = F1-2 F2 = 0 1 3 = 3 = F3-3F2 = 0 1 3 = 3
4 2 4 2 4 2
3
0 3 − 12 = −2 0 3 − 12 = −2 0 3 − 12 = −2 0 0 − 16 = −4

1 1
1 0 0= 2
100= 2 𝑥 = 1/2
4 2 4 1
= F3/-16 = 0 1 3
=
3
= F2-3F3 = 010= 3
= 𝑦 = 1/3
1 1
0 0 1=4 001= 4 𝑧 = 1/4

1 1 1 1
6𝑋 + 3𝑌 + 2𝑍 = 12 6 3 2 = 12 1 2 3=2 1 =2
2 3
9) 9𝑋 − 𝑌 + 4𝑍 = 37 = 9 − 1 4 = 37 = F1/6 = 9 − 1 4 = 37 = F2-9F1 = 0 − 11 1 = 19 = F3-10F1 =
10𝑋 + 5𝑌 + 3𝑍 = 21 10 5 3 = 21 2
10 5 3 = 21 10 5 3 = 21

1 1 11 14 41
1 2 3
=2 1 23
=2 1 0 33
= 11
11 11 2 38 1 2 38 1
0− 1 = 19 = F2/ (- ) = 0 1 − =− = F1- F2 = 0 1 − =− = F3/- =
2 2 11 11 2 11 11 3
1 1 1
0 0 −3 = 1 0 0 −3 = 1 0 0 −3=1

14 41 𝑥=5
1 0 33
= 11 1 0 0=5 1 0 0=5
2 38
14 2 38 2
= F1-33 = 0 1 − 11 = − 11 = F2- (-11)F3 = 0 1 0 = −4 = 𝑦 = −4
0 1 − 11 = − 11
0 0 1 = −3 0 0 1 = −3 𝑧 = −3
0 0 1 = −3

3 3 3 3
2𝑋 + 4𝑌 + 3𝑍 = 3 2 4 3=3 1 2 2=2 1 2 2=2
10) 10𝑋 + 8𝑌 + 9𝑍 = 0 = 10 8 9 = 0 =F1/2 = 10 8 9 = 0 =F2-10F1 = 0 − 12 − 6 = −15
4𝑋 + 4𝑌 − 3𝑍 = 2 4 4− 3=2 4 4− 3=2 4 4 − 3=2

3 3 3 3 1
1 2 =2 1 2 2
=2 1 0 2
= −1
2
= F3-4F1 = 0 − 12 − 6 = −15 = F2/-12 = 0 1 1 = 5 = F1-2F2 = 0 1 2 = 4 =F3-(-4F2) =
1 5
2 4
0 − 4 − 9 = −4 0 − 4 − 9 = −4 0 − 4 − 9 = −4
 1 13 13
1 0
1
= −1 1 0 2
= −1 1 0 0 = − 14 1 0 0 = − 14
2 1 5 37
1 1 5 1
0 1 2 = 4 = F3/-7 = 0 1 2 = 4 = F1-2F3 = 0 1 2 = 4 = F2-2F3 = 0 1 0 = 28 =
1 5
1 1 1
0 0−7=1 0 0 1 = −7 0 0 1 = −7 0 0 1 = −7

𝑥 = −13/14
𝑦 = 37/28
𝑧 = −1/7

Realizar los siguientes ejercicios por el método de Cramer

𝟐 𝟏 −𝟑
2𝑥 +𝑦 −3𝑧 | −1 |𝟏 −𝟑 −𝟐|
1) [ 𝑥 −3𝑦 −2𝑧 | −12] = 𝟑 −𝟐 −𝟏 = (6 + 6 - 6) – (27 + 8 - 1)
3𝑥 −2𝑦 −𝑧 | −5 𝟐 𝟏 −𝟑
𝟏 −𝟑 −𝟐
∆= -28
−𝟏 𝟏 −𝟑
|−𝟏𝟐 −𝟑 −𝟐|
∆𝒙= −𝟓 −𝟐 −𝟏 = (-3 - 72 + 10) – (-45 - 4 + 12)
−𝟏 𝟏 −𝟑
−𝟏𝟐 −𝟑 −𝟐
∆𝒙=-28
𝟐 −𝟏 −𝟑
|𝟏 −𝟏𝟐 −𝟐|
∆𝒚 = 𝟑 −𝟓 −𝟏 = (24 + 15 + 6) – (108 + 20 + 1)
𝟐 −𝟏 −𝟑
𝟏 −𝟏𝟐 −𝟐
∆𝒚=-84
 𝟐 𝟏 −𝟏
|𝟏 −𝟑 −𝟏𝟐|
∆𝒛 = 𝟑 −𝟐 −𝟏 = (6 + 2 – 36) – (9 + 48 -1)
𝟐 𝟏 −𝟏
𝟏 −𝟑 −𝟏𝟐
∆𝒛 =-84
−𝟐𝟖
𝒙= =1 𝑥=1
−𝟐𝟖
−𝟖𝟒 𝑦=3
𝒚= =3
−𝟐𝟖 𝑧=3
−𝟖𝟒
𝒛= =3
−𝟐𝟖

𝟐 𝟒 𝟑
2𝑥 +4𝑦 +3𝑧 | 3 |𝟏𝟎 −𝟖 −𝟗|
2) [10𝑥 −8𝑦 −9𝑧 | 0] = 𝟒 𝟒 −𝟑 = (48 + 120 - 144) - (-96 - 72 -120)
4𝑥 +4𝑦 −3𝑧 | 2 𝟐 𝟒 𝟑
𝟏𝟎 −𝟖 −𝟗
∆ = 312
𝟑 𝟒 𝟑
|𝟎 −𝟖 −𝟗|
∆𝒙= 𝟐 𝟒 −𝟑 = (72 + 0 - 72) - (-48 - 108 + 0)
𝟑 𝟒 𝟑
𝟎 −𝟖 −𝟗
∆𝒙 = 156
𝟐 𝟑 𝟑
|𝟏𝟎 𝟎 −𝟗|
∆𝒚 = 𝟒 𝟐 −𝟑 = (0 + 60 - 108) - (0 - 36 - 90)
𝟐 𝟑 𝟑
𝟏𝟎 𝟎 −𝟗
∆𝒚 = 78
 𝟐 𝟒 𝟑
|𝟏𝟎 −𝟖 𝟎|
∆𝒛 = 𝟒 𝟒 𝟐 = (-32 + 120 + 0) - (-96 + 0 + 80)
𝟐 𝟒 𝟑
𝟏𝟎 −𝟖 𝟎
∆𝒛 = 104
𝟏𝟓𝟔
𝒙= = 0.5 𝑥 = 0.5
𝟑𝟏𝟐
𝟕𝟖 𝑦 = 0.25
𝒚= = 0.25
𝟑𝟏𝟐 𝑧 = 0.33
𝟏𝟎𝟒
𝒛= = 0.33
𝟑𝟏𝟐

𝟒 −𝟏 𝟓
4𝑥 −𝑦 5𝑧 | −6 |𝟑 𝟑 −𝟒 |
3) [3𝑥 3𝑦 −4𝑧 | 30 ] = 𝟔 𝟐 −𝟑 = (-36 + 30 + 24) – (90 – 32 + 9)
6𝑥 2𝑦 −3𝑧 | 33 𝟒 −𝟏 𝟓
𝟑 𝟑 −𝟒
∆= -49
−𝟔 −𝟏 𝟓
| 𝟑𝟎 𝟑 −𝟒 |
∆𝒙 = 𝟑𝟑 𝟐 −𝟑 = (54 + 300 + 132) – (495 + 48 + 90)
−𝟔 −𝟏 𝟓
𝟑𝟎 𝟑 −𝟒
∆𝒙 = -147

𝟒 −𝟔 𝟓
|𝟑 𝟑𝟎 −𝟒|
∆𝒚 = 𝟔 𝟑𝟑 −𝟑 = (-360 + 495 + 144) – (900 – 528 + 54)
𝟒 −𝟔 𝟓
𝟑 𝟑𝟎 −𝟒
∆𝒚 = -147
 𝟒 −𝟏 −𝟔
|𝟑 𝟑 𝟑𝟎 |
∆𝒛 = 𝟔 𝟐 𝟑𝟑 = (396 – 36 -180) – (-108 + 240 -99)
𝟒 −𝟏 −𝟔
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑𝟎

∆𝒛= 147

−𝟏𝟒𝟕
𝒙= =3 𝑥=3
−𝟒𝟗
−𝟏𝟒𝟕 𝑦=3
𝒚= =3
−𝟒𝟗 𝑧 = −3
𝟏𝟒𝟕
𝒛= =3
−𝟒𝟗