DNA composed of four nitrogenous bases (cytosine, guanine,
adenine and thymine)
DNA contains A, T, G and C. Base Pairs are equal to A = T, G = C
FEATURES (not all are listed)
Helix turns clockwise
Backbones of the helix are in opposing directions
Bases are 3.4 angstrom units apart
Gene responsible for an inherited trait
coded instructions for everything that must be in the body
Nucleic acids organic compounds that function as storage of
genetic information.
are physical carrier of inheritance that is passed from parents
to offspring.
carry codes in protein synthesis. (refers to formation of
proteins)
Types of nucleic acids: DNA and RNA
DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid ] both are made up of Nucleotides
RNA Ribonucleic acid ] they are basic building blocks
What is the difference between RNA and DNA?
variety of functions and is thus more diverse. Although DNA can
carry complex information for longer periods and is thus more
stable.
RNA has uracil (OH) while DNA has thymine (H)
Why does the DNA need to be replicated?
To ensure that all the body cells carry the same genetic material
and that instructions are copied exatcly for the next generation.
REPLICATION Unwinding, Base Pairing and Joining
Unwinding enyzme:
DNA helicase unzips
Base Pairing enyzme:
DNA primase - + nucleotides
Joining enyzme:
DNA polymerase - more base pairs | also repairs DNA strand
DNA ligase seals any breaks in new strand
TRANSCRIPTIONXB begins inside the nucleus when DNA unzips
between its base pairs.
RNA polymerase initiates transcription
Messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and transfer RNA
(tRNA) -> they are infolved in the process of protein synthesis
mRNA copes specific instructions from the DNA in the nucleus
and brings information to the cytoplasm.
-> A=T -> A=U -> G=C
TRANSLATION leads to the formation of protein.
- process whre genetic information is used to create amino acids
- mRNA attaches to a ribosome to provide the code for the
specific protein that will be made.
- three basic code is called CODON
- Ribosomes move along the mRNA strand and read codons then
translate.
- rRNA attaches to the mRNA inside the ribosome.
- ANTICIDON read and translate the message by pairing up an
equivalent three letter code.
- Three letter code will be translated into and equivalent AMINO
ACID