Modern History Top 500 Q&A

MODERN HISTORY
TOP 500 QUESTION & ANSWER
(Static GK)
By – Indo Pathshala
Contact Number – 9123206137
https://www.youtube.com/@indopathshala400
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 The Revolt of 1857 was started in Meerut on - 10 May, 1857 (On 9th May 1857, 85 soldiers in
Meerut refused to use the new rifle)
 In March 1857, Mangal Pandey, a sepoy in Barrackpore, had refused to use the cartridge and
attacked his senior officers. He was hanged to death on 8th April 1857 (10 days before the
scheduled date of April 18)
 Indian freedom fighter, Mangal Pandey, killed two British officials – Hugeson and Baugh on March
29, 1857, in Calcutta
 He was a sepoy (infantryman) in the 34th Bengal Native Infantry (BNI) regiment of the British East
India Company in 1857
 Mangal Pandey Gave the slogan : “ Maro Firangi ko.”
 Who was Governor General during Revolt of 1857 - Lord Canning
 Lord Canning was the first Viceroy of India
 Which one of the following commissions is associated with the Army Re-organisation after the
suppression of the Revolt of 1857 - Peel Commission was headed by Jonathan Peel
 Who was the British PM During the revolt of 1857 – Palmerston (Queen/Crown : Victoria)
 Lotus and Bread (chapati and lotus)are considered as the symbol of the revolt of 1857
 Who led the revolt of 1857 in the city of Lucknow - Begum Hazrat Mahal
 Original Name of Nana Sahab : Dhondhu Pant (the adopted son of Peshwa Baji Rao II)
 Original name of Tatya Tope was : Ramchandra Pandurang (On 18 April 1859 Tatya Tope was
hanged in Shivpuri M.P)
 Who led the revolt of 1857 in Bihar (Jagdishpur) - Kunwar Singh
 Mirza Ghalib (1797–1869), the eminent Urdu poet who belonged to Central Delhi, Delhi
witnessed the historic First War of Independence of 1857
 TR Holmes described the 1857 revolt as a conflict between civilization and barbarians
 James Outram describes it as a joint conspiracy of the Hindu Muslim communities
 Benjamin Disraeli described it as a ‘National Revolt’

Places of Revolt Indian Leaders British Officials who suppressed
the revolt
Delhi Bahadur Shah II John Nicholson (died)

& Hudson
Lucknow Begum Hazrat Mahal Henry Lawrence (died) &
Campbell
Kanpur Nana Saheb Sir Colin Campbell
Jhansi & Gwalior Lakshmi Bai & Tantya Tope General Hugh Rose
Bareilly Khan Bahadur Khan Sir Colin Campbell
Allahabad Maulvi Liyakat Ali Colonel Neill
Bihar Kunwar Singh (80 Years) William Taylor
Faizabad Maulvi Ahmadullah Shah Colonel Neill
Bareilly Khan Bahadur Khan
Fatehpur Azimullah Renard
Meerut Kadam Singh
Patna Pir Ali
Maharashtra Rango Bapuji Gupte
Assam Maniram Dewan
 Reese, observed that the revolt was a ‘war against Christianity’.
 S.N. Sen - What began as a fight for religion ended as a war of independence
 V.D. Savarkar - The Revolt of 1857 was the first war of independence
 RC Mazumdar - The so called first national war of independence was neither first, nor national,
nor a war of independence
 John Lawrence, John Seeley - “Sepoy Mutiny”
 The political capital of Ranjit Singh was Lahore. Which city is called its religious capital- Amritsar
 Which Governor-General had welcomed Ranjit Singh with great respect at Ropad – William
Bentinck
 In which fight was Nadir Shah defeated the Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah – Karnal
 Who was the Governor General in the Second Anglo-Mysore War – Warren Hastings
 Where were the Nawabs of Murshid Quli Khan, Ali Vardi Khan and Siraj-ud-Daula – Bengal
 Dr. Surendra Nath Sen (GOI) book : Eighteen Fifty-Seven (published in 1957)
 The Indian War of Independence by Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
 Rebellion, 1857: A Symposium by Puran Chand Joshi

 The Indian Mutiny of 1857 by George Bruce Malleson
 Great Mutiny by Christopher Hibbert
 Religion and Ideology of the Rebels of 1857 by Iqbal Hussain
 Excavation of Truth: Unsung Heroes of 1857 War of Independence by Khan Mohammad Sadiq
Khan
 “Sepoy Mutiny and the Revolt of 1857” was written by Ramesh Chandra Majumdar
 The First Indian War of Independence 1857-59’. Karl Marx
 Asbab-e-Baghawat-e-Hind (Reasons for the India Revolt of 1857) was written by Sir Syed Ahmed
Khan in the Urdu language in 1859
States Annexed by Doctrine of Lapse Year of Annexation
Satara 1848
Jaitpur 1849
Sambalpur 1849
Baghat 1850
Udaipur (उउउउउउ) 1852
Jhansi 1853
Nagpur 1854
Awadh ( by alleged internal misrule) 1856

 Who was the founder of Swatantara Party - Lala Lajpat Rai (Titles were ‘Punjab Kesari’ and ‘Lion
of Punjab’)
 Who was Called as the liberator of Indian press - Charles Metcalfe (1835-1836) (The Governor-
General of India)
 Who denounced Congress as “ Microscopic minority” – Dufferin
 Who didn’t attend the founding session of Indian National Congress - Surendranath Benerjee
 Arrange the state acquired by Subsidiary Alliance in chronological order - Nizam of Hyderabad
(1798), Mysore, Awadh,
 Subsidiary Alliance was introduced by the Lord Wellesley who was the Governor-General of
Bengal from 1798 to 1805
 Fourth Anglo- Mysore war and the Treaty of Bassein , Establishment of Madras presidency,
Establishing Fort William College at Calcutta during the time of Lord Wellesley
 In 1889, a committee was formed to win the support of the Congress in Britain, whose president
was who among the following - Mr. Digby
 The first Muslim President of the Indian National Congress was Badruddin Tyabji
 Who among the trio Lal, Bal, Pal became president of the Congress - Lala Lajpat Rai
 When was ‘Jana-Gana-Mana’ first sung - 27 dec 1911, in Calcutta
 Who was the 1st governor of Bengal - Robert Clive (during 1757-60 and again during 1765-67)
 During Robert Clive East India Company won the battle of Plassey and Battle of Buxar which
paved the way for Britishers to conquer India
 In which year the office of Governor-General was created during British India - Regulating Act of
1773 (created an Executive Council of four members to assist)
 Who was the first Governor-General of Bengal - Warren Hestings (1772-1785) (The Regulating Act
was passed in the British Parliament in June 1773)

Warren Hastings (1772-1785)
 First Governor-General of Bengal

 End to the dual system of administration
 Regulating Act of 1773
 Supreme Court at Calcutta
 Asiatic Society of Bengal
 First Anglo-Maratha War and Treaty of Salbai
 First English translation of Bhagavad Gita
 Pitt’s India Act-1784
 Impeachment on Warren Hestings
 Charter Act of 1833 made Governor-General of Bengal as Governor-General of British India. And,
William Bentick was the first Governor-General of British India.
 Lord Canning became the first Viceroy of India/British India.
 Lord Mountbatten : First Governor-General of FREE INDIA
 Raja Gopalachari : Last Governor-General of free India; The only Indian Governor-General
 Where did the Salt Satyagraha end – Dandi
 In 1939, Subhash Chandra Bose was elected President of the Congress Party by defeating-
Pattabhi Sitaramayya
 Why was the Cabinet Mission sent to India – to set up constitutional system for transfer of power
 What was the main reason for starting the Quit India Movement in 1942 – failure of Cripps Mission
 Quit India movement was started in 1942 – August
 Where was the parallel government formed during the Quit India Movement- Ballia
 Gandhi adjourned after the Chaura-Chauri scandal- Non-cooperation movement
 British ruler Charles II was given in Bombay dowry to marry whose princess- Portugal
 The name of the Indian king who gave a grand welcome to Portuguese traveler Vasco di Gama
when he came to Calicut was- Jamorin
 India was the first and the next to go – Portugal

 Calicut cotton clothes carried by the Portuguese from Calicut were commonly said in Europe-
Calico
 In which year Khalsan Panth was founded by Guru Govind Singh – 1699
 Which was the birthplace of Guru Nanak- Talwandi
 Who was the successor of Guru Nanak- Guru Angad
 Who was the last Guru of the Sikhs – Guru Govind Singh
 Who was the 1st Governor General of India - William Bentinck
 Charter Act of 1833 made Governor-General of Bengal as Governor-General of British India. (

Saint Helena act)
 William Bentinck is known for the social reforms such as Abolition of Sati in 1829, Suppression of
Thugi, and Suppression of Infanticide etc
 Where are the remains of Portuguese culture found in India – Goa
 From which war the fate of the French was decided in India – The battle of Vandiwash
 Swami Dayanand Saraswati created the first Arya Samaj in 1875 AD. Where was It established in-
Bombay
 Who was the founder of Arya Samaj in colonial India- Swami Dayanand Saraswati
 Who founded the Ramakrishna Mission- Vivekananda
 When did English make English the medium of instruction in India- 1835
 The Congress is teetering on its downfall and one of my greatest ambitions while in India is to
assist in its peaceful demise." This announcement was made in – Curzon
 Who was the founder of Aligarh Movement- Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
 Where does the Prophet of New India goes to – Raja Rammohan Roy
 The founder of Brahma Samaj was- Raja Rammohan Roy
 Who was the founder of Prarthana Samaj- Atmaram Pandurang
 The Ayong who first paid attention to primary and secondary education in India – Charles
Commission

 Which was the first reform movement to be started in the 19th century – Brahmo Samaj
 Which among the following Congress sessions was known for concession of separate electorates
for the Muslims by the Congress Party - 1916, Lucknow Pact (President: Ambika Charan
Majumdar)
 The Satyashodhak Samaj was founded by- Jyotiraba Phule
 ”Years ago we made a promise with destiny and now the time has come to fulfill that promise”.
Who said those words on the night of 14 August 1947 – Jawaharlal Nehru
 Who said, “The real place of taste is not the living, but the mind” – Mahatma Gandhi
 Who said, “Truth is the ultimate element and that is God” – Mahatma Gandhi
 Who among the Congress leaders was called ‘great old man’ - Dadabhai Naoroji
 Who was the first Indian to become a member of the British Parliament – Dadabhai Naoroji
 Who propounded the principle of ‘drainage of property’ from India to Britain – Dadabhai Naoroji
 When Mahatma Gandhi was killed, who said, “No one would believe that a man with such a body
and soul ever walked this earth” - Albert Einstein
 Do or die’ – On what mass movement did Gandhiji give this mantra to the nation – Quit India
Movement
 Who gave the slogan “Inquilab Zindabad” – Bhagat Singh
 LORD CURZON : Division of Bengal (1905)
 Lord Minto II (1905-1910) –

Swadeshi Movement (1905–08),
Foundation of the Muslim League, 1906,
Surat session and split in the Congress (1907)
Newspapers Act, 1908
Morley-Minto Reforms, 1909
 Lord Hardinge II (1910-1916)

Annulment of the partition of Bengal (1911)
Transfer of Capital from Calcutta to Delhi (1911)
 Who was the 1St Viceroy of India - Lord Canning
 Government of India Act of 1858, the Governor-General representing the Crown became known
as the Viceroy
 The Indian Councils Act of 1861, the Indian Civil Services Act of 1861, the Indian High Courts Act
of 1861, and the Indian Penal Code of 1862 were all passed during his term and during 1857
revolt
 Lord Canning (1856-1857)

Three universities at Calcutta, Madras and Bombay in 1857 were established
The last Governor-General and first Viceroy of India
Revolt of 1857; Passed the Act of 1858, which ended the rule of the East India Company
Withdrew Doctrine of Lapse
 Who was the founder and editor of the famous newspaper ‘Kesari’ during the national struggle-
Lokmanya Tilak
 Which religious book Gandhiji has called his mother –Bhagavad Gita
 Maulana Abul Kalam Azad started Al Ur Hilal, an Urdu weekly in 1912, but founded al-Balag after
the government banned it – in 1915
 Who wrote the famous drama “Neeladarpan” describing the atrocities of the British Indigo
planters – Deenbandhu Mitra
 The song ‘Jana Gana Mana’ written by Rabindranath Tagore was first published in January 1912
under the name Bharat Bhagya Vidhata
 Which rebellion of Bengal is mentioned by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee in his novel ‘Annad Math’
– Saints Rebellion
 Swaraj is my birthright and I will be the only one after receiving it. Whose slogan was this -
Lokmanya Tilak
 Who was associated with the post 'Frontier Gandhi' - Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan
 Who is famous as "Lady with the Lamp" - Florence Nightingale
 Who is the author of the book 'Life Divine' - Arvind Ghosh
 'The Loyal Muhammadans of India had a newspaper- Syed Ahmed Khan
 Who was the editor of Young India and Harijan- Mahatma Gandhi
 In which case Arvind was arrested- Alipur bomb case
 Who founded the institution named Abhinav Bharat - Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
 Lahore Conspiracy Case was registered against whom- Bhagat Singh
 Who established Naunjwan Bharat Sabha - Sardar Bhagat Singh
 U.S.A. Who founded the Ghadar Party in San Francisco - Lala Hardayal
 Mangal Pandey fired the first shot of the Revolt of 1857 - in Barrackpore
 The administrative dimension of the Revolt of 1857 was the transfer of power – from the East
India Company to the British Emperor
 Who led the Ghadar of Kanpur- Nana Sahib
 Who initiated the civil service in India – Lord Cornwallis
 Who among the following passed the Vernacular Press Act in 1878 - Lord Lytton
 Vernacular Press Act was primarily targeted against Amrit Bazar Patrika (Started by Sisir Ghosh
and Moti Lal Ghosh)
 The act was repealed by Lord Ripon In 1881
 Lord Lytton (1876 – 1880)

Vernacular Press Act, 1878
Arms Act, 1878
Ignored severe famine and organized durbar. Proclaimed Queen Victoria “The Empress of India”
Abolished tax on cotton for British traders
Maximum age to take up civil services exam lowered from 21 to 19
 Government's transfer from 'Company' to 'Emperor' was announced by Lord Canning on 1

November 1858 - in Allahabad
 Who went to the Imperial court in 1877 wearing handmade khadi clothes - G. V. Joshi
 During the British rule, who was the founder of the 'Rayatwadi system' in the then Madras
Presidency - Thomas Munro
 Who was the first Indian to qualify in the Indian Civil Service – Satyendra Nath Tagore
 Who was the last Governor General of Bengal- Lord William Bentick
 Which Governor-General was related to the abolition of cheating – Lord William Bentick
 The last Governor General of the East India Company and the first Viceroy under the Crown was –
Lord Canning
 Which Governor General’s name was associated with the State Hadap Policy (Doctrine of lapse) –
Lord Dalhousie
 Who was the last Viceroy of India – Lord Mountbatten
 India became independent during the Viceroy’s time – Mountbatten
 Who can be considered as the most useful and important reform of Lord Curzon, especially in
relation to people living in undivided Punjab province – Agricultural reforms
 Who had passed the Indian University School Act – Lord Litton
 Who was the pioneer of local autonomy in India- Ripon
 From which station was the rail journey started in India for the first time in 1853 – Bombay
(Mumbai)
 Who was established under Pitts India Act- Board of Control
 Who established the Supreme Court in Calcutta – Regulatory Act of 1773
 Who started the system of communal constituencies in India - Minto Marley Reforms of 1909
 The important feature of which act was provincial autonomy – 1935
 The person who introduced the notion of bicameral in the 1919 Act was Montague
 1921 Narendra Mandal or Chamber of Princes was started by- Duke of Cannaught
 The Government of India Act, 1935 was based on- Simon Commission
 In which year Lala Lajpat Rai was deported and sent to Mandalay for organizing agrarian
movement in Punjab- 1907
 Sir John Shore: Policy of Non-Interference
 Lord Wellesley: Subsidiary Alliance system
 Lord Cornwallis: Permanent Settlement in Bengal
 Lord Dufferin : Time of Congress (established)
 1st time census : Lord Mayo (1872)
 1st time regular census : Lord RIPPON

 The Census of 1881 which was undertaken on 17th February, 1881 by W.C. Plowden
 The discovery of the sea route to India is attributed to the – . Portuguese
 Who discovered the route of ‘Cape of Good Hope’ to India – Vasco di Gama
 The greatest Portuguese governor to lay the real foundation of Portuguese power in India was-
Albuquerque
 Bahadur Shah, the ruler of Gujarat was killed in the conflict with whom- Portuguese
 During his rule, the British kept forcing farmers to grow ……… in Madras – rice
 Akal Takht was built by – Guru Hargobind
 Who was the chairman of the State Reorganization Commission which recommended re-
demarcation of states on linguistic basis- Fazal Ali
 Gandhiji was influenced by whose writings- Leo Tolstoy
 Who coined the term Satyagraha – Gandhi
 Who went to meet Gandhiji in South Africa- Gopal Krishna Gokhale Where did Mahatma Gandhi
go to run the Satyagraha
 movement among the workers of cotton textile factories in 1918 Ahmedabad
 From which movement did Mahatma Gandhi enter Indian politics – Champaran movement
 Homerule League was established during- World War I
 The nationalist leaders of India boycotted the Simon Commission because- all the members of
the commission were British
 Who was the founder of 'Servants of India Society' - G.K. Gokhale
 The High Court of Calcutta, Madras and Bombay came into Existence during the tenure of which
Viceroy – Lord Canning
 Who was Bal Gangadhar Nilak called his political guru- Dadabhai Naoroji
 Subhash Chandra Bose hoisted the flag of the Indian National Army in a city on April 12, 1944,
which state is currently in which state – Manipur
 How many delegates attended the first session of the Indian National Congress – 72
 Motilal Nehru and Chittaranjan Das were founding members of- the Swaraj Party
 Whom was the Round Table Conference held in London to discuss – the future Constitution of
India
 Who was the first woman President of Congress- Mrs. Annie Besant
 When the Mountbatten Plan of Independence was accepted, who was the President of the Indian
National Congress at that time – Archai J.B. Kripalani
 Which party was founded by Subhash Chandra Bose after leaving the Indian National Congress –
Forward Block
 Who was the founder of Azad Hind Fauj- Subhash Chandra Bose
 Who was the first president of independent India – G.V. Mavalankar
 Who wasthe founder of the concept of Sarvodaya – Mahatma Gandhi
 What is the meaning of non-interference policy – removal of certain restrictions
 Who founded the Banaras Hindu University- Madan Mohan Malviya
 ”Where there is no law, there is no freedom”. Where was it – John Locke
 Where did the Indian National Congress pass its famous resolution of non-cooperation in its
session held in 1920 – in Calcutta
 What were the three main forms of Satyagraha – non-cooperation, civil disobedience and boycott
 Gandhiji’s visit to Dandi is an example of which – civil disobedience
 In which year salt satyagraha was started – in 1930
 Gandhiji started a movement in violation of the Salt Law, which was called – Civil Disobedience
Movement
 In which session of the Indian National Congress Purna Swaraj was announced – Lahore
 Who was the founder of Indian National Congress- A.O. Hume
 Khilafat Movement movement was started to protest against the humiliation of the- Turkish
Khalifa
 In 1916, Indian National Congress and Muslim League came close to each other – in Lucknow
 Where and in what year was the split between the soft party and the extremist party – in 1907
Surat session of the Congress
 Lala Lajpat Rai was protesting against whom when he became a victim of police brutality – Simon
Commission
 Poona agreement was signed between Mahatma Gandhi and-B. R. Ambedkar
 Old Name: Indian National Union Renamed by: Dada Bhai Naoroji Indian National Congress (INC)
 Place: Gokul Das Tejpal Sanskrit College, Bombay 72 Delegates - Voiceroy: Dufferin Date: 28
December 1885
 1st Chairman of INC : W.C. Benerjee , 1885, Bombay
 1st Muslim Chairman: Badruddin Tyabji, 1887, Madras
 DadaBhai Nauroji president: 1886, 1893 and 1906 Respectively Calcutta, Lahore, Calcutta
 1st Englishman Chairman: George Yule, 1888, Allahabad
 Chairman INC - Sir William Wedderburn - 1889 – Bombay
 Chairman INC - Rahimtulla Sayani - Venue — Calcutta - Year — 1896 - (Imp. Fact — 1st time sung
VANDE MATARAM)
 President/Chairman — Gopal Krishna Gokhle - Year — 1905 - Venue — Banaras - Imp. Fact —
Servants of India
 President/Chairman — Dadabhai Naoroji - Year — 1906 - Venue — Calcutta - Imp. Fact — 1st time
use of SWARAJ word
 President/Chairman — Rasbihari Ghosh - Year — 1907 Venue — Surat - Imp. Fact — Surat split,
Division of Congress into Moderates & Extremists
 President/Chairman — B. N. Dhar ( Bishannarayan Dhar) - Year — 1911 - Venue — Calcutta - Imp.

Fact — 1st time sung JAN-GAN-MAN
 President/Chairman — Ambikacharan Majumdar - Year — 1916 - Venue — Lucknow - Imp. Fact —

Congress + Muslim league & Moderates + Extremists became unite
 President/Chairman — Veer Raghavachari - Year — 1920 - Venue — Nagpur - Imp. Fact — One
special session (1920) Calcutta- Lala lajpat rai Non- cooperation movement passed

 President/Chairman — Abul Kalam Aazaad - Year — 1923 - Venue — Delhi - Imp. Fact — Most
youngest chairman (35 years) and till 6 years (1940-1946) longest time ever in INC 1940:
Ramgarh : Abul Kalam Azad
 President/Chairman — Mahatma Gandhi - Year — 1924 - Venue — Belgaum - Imp. Fact — 1st time
Gandhi ji presided the session and 1st time participated in 1901 and that time President was
Dinshaw Wacha ( Calcutta session:1901)
 President/Chairman — Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru - Year — 1929 - Venue — Lahore - Imp. Fact —
Demand of Purn Swaraj ( Complete Independence)
 President/Chairman — Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel - Year — 1931 - Venue — Karanchi - Imp. Fact —
Demand of Fundamental rights
 President/Chairman — Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru - Year — 1937 - Venue — Faizpur - Imp. Fact — 1st
session of INC held in Village
 President/Chairman — Subhashchandra Bose - Year — 1938 - Venue — Haripura - Imp. Fact — Also
he was elected as president in 1939 of Tripuri Session but at last Tripuri session was presided by
Rajendra Prasad
 President/Chairman — J. B. Kriplani - Year — 1946 - Venue — Meerut - Imp. Fact — President at

the time of our Independence (1947) But in a special session of INC held in Delhi (1947):
Rajendra Prasad
 1st Female president of INC: Annie Besant (1917), Calcutta
 1st Indian woman president: Sarojini Naidu (1925), Kanpur
 1948: Jaipur session – Pattabhi Sitarmaiya
 1950 : Nasik – Purushottam Das Tondon
 1933- Nelli Sengupta (Calcutta)
 Longest serving & Youngest president: Abul Kalam Azad
 1st session of INC held in Village : 1937, Faizpur
 Chittaranjan Das became the president of the Indian National Congress in the Gaya session in
1922
 Motilal Nehru became the president of the Indian National Congress in the Calcutta session in
1928

 Mahatma Gandhi, whose leadership brought freedom, was in Kolkata, spinning and fasting as
India celebrated its first Independence Day on August 15, 1947
 Mahatma Gandhi was assassinated by Nathuraam Godse on 30 January 1948 at age 78 in the
compound of Birla House (now Gandhi Smriti)
 Samadhi of Mahatma Gandhi– Raj Ghat.(Grave yard
ABOUT GANDHI JI
Birth place & Date Porbandar, a town in Gujarat in western India on 2 October 1869.
Mother Putali Bai
Father Karamchand Gandhi was the Diwan of Porbandar state of British India.
Wife Kasturba Gandhi
The story of my experiments with truth

Autobiography
(Gujrati Language)
Young India, Harijan, Navjeevan & Hind Swaraj (1908 - 09) Gandhiji wrote Hind
Books Swaraj in 1908 during his return journey to South Africa by ship via
London/England
 In 1888 Gandhiji went to London to study law at University College, London, a constituent
college of the University of London. After this he went to South Africa in 1893 and stayed there
for 21 years
 There he worked for the rights of African people. After living in South Africa for more than 21
years, Gandhi returned to India on 9 January 1915 and the same day is celebrated as Pravasi
Bharatiya Divas
 Political Guru of Mahatma Gandhi Ji : Gopal Krishna Gokhale
 At Pietermaritzburg railway station of South Africa was Mahatma Gandhi evicted from the first-
class compartment of the train (where he was going to Pretoria in SA) in 1893 due to racial
discrimination
 In 1894, Mahatma Gandhi founded the Natal Indian Congress in South Africa. Dada Abdulla was
elected president. It aimed to fight discrimination against Indians in South Africa
 In 1904 Phoenix farm nearby Durban in South Africa
 In 1903 he released The Indian Opinion paper (1st Editor was Mansukhlal Nazar)
 In 1910 Tolstoy Farm & in 1915 -1916 Sabarmati Ashram
Who said to whom??? Statement
Half Naked Fakir

Winston Churchill to Gandhi Ji
(Seditious Fakir)
Subhash Chandra Bose to Gandhi
Father of the Nation /Bapu (1944)
Ji
Mountbatten to Gandhi Ji One man Boundary Force
Ravindranath Tagore to Gandhi Ji Mahatma
Kaiser-e-Hind was given to Mahatma Gandhi by the

Hardinge II to Gandhi Ji In 1915 British Government for his services during the Boer
War (1899-1902).
st
During 1 world war Recruiting Sergeant
Malviya ji to Gandhi Ji Prince of Beggars
 first movement by Gandhi in the freedom struggle. (3/20) Tinkathiya system

 Persuaded by Rajkumar Shukla, an indigo cultivator, Gandhi went to Champaran in Bihar (19
April 1917
 Ahmedabad (15 March 1918) cotton mill strike : 1st Hunger strike by Gandhiji
 Kheda Satyagrah : 22 March 1918 (GJ)
 Jallianwala Bagh Massacre happened in - 13 April 1919 Amritsar Punjab Hunter commission
 Rowlatt Act :1919 (black law) : No Appeal, No Daleel, No wakil
 Khilaphat movement: 1919
 Indian National Congress approved the non-cooperation movement in a special session held in
Calcutta on September 1920.It was subsequently passed in the Nagpur Session held on December
1920
 Non-co operation movement Suspended in Feb 1922 - Due to Chauri – Chaura Incident
 Swaraj party Formed in which year – 1923 (By Motilal Nehru and Chitranjan Das (Deshbandhu)
 The only Congress session which was presided over by Gandhi ji in - Belgaum session : 1924
 Mahatma Gandhi 1st time participated in 1901 and that time President was Dinshaw Wacha (
Calcutta session:1901
 President/Chairman — Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru - Year — 1929 - Venue — Lahore - Imp. Fact —
Demand of Purn Swaraj ( Complete Independence)
 Kakori conspiracy 9 August 1925
 HRA (Hindustan Republican Army) : 1924 BY Sachindra Nath Sanyal
 Hindustan Socialist Republican Army (HSRA) was established in 1928 at Feroz Shah Kotla in New
Delhi by Chandrasekhar Azad, Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev Thapar and others
 Naujawaan Bharat Sabha – 1926
 Simon Commission: 1928 (White Man Commission 7 members) :boycott of the British Simon
Commission Lala Lajpat Rai
 Bardoli Satyagrah : 1928 (Gujrat) by Patel Ji
 The draft constitution prepared by the committee was called the Nehru Committee Report or
Nehru Report. The report was submitted at the Lucknow session of the all-party
conference on August 28, 1928
 At the annual session of All India Muslim League held on 28 March 1929 Jinnah placed his
fourteen points. (Delhi)
 large group of people (78/79)from Sabarmati Ashram on 12th March 1930 to Dandi, a coastal
village in Gujarat
 On reaching Dandi, they broke the salt law by extracting salt from salt water. 6 April 1930) From
Dandi civil disobedience movement started (24 days, 241 miles around 388 km)
 Round Table conference - All three round table conferences were attended by Dr. B.R.
Ambedkar and Tej Bahadur Sapru. 1930,1931,1932
 Before the second Round Table Conference in London, on March 5, 1931 - Gandhi-Irwin Pact
signed
 Gandhi Ji attended 2nd round table conference & He went through a ship named S S RAJPUTANA
- 11 points ultimatum The Two Mahatmas” –as Sarojini Naidu described Gandhi and Irwin
 evolutionary freedom fighters Bhagat Singh, Shivaram Rajguru and Sukhdev Thapar were hanged
to death by the British government for their activities on March 23, 1931, at the Lahore Jail.
This day is observed as 'Martyrs' Day' in India
 On 24 September 1932, the Poona Pact was sealed between Mahatma Gandhi and Dr B R
Ambedkar in the Yerwada Central Jail, Pune
 Establishment of forward block in which year – 1939
 1938: Haripura session, 1939: Tripuri Session Of INC
 1940: August proposal
 Cripps Mission came to India In which year - March 1942 (Gandhi went on to call the Cripps
Proposals a ‘post-dated cheque)
 Quit India movement started in which year – 1942 (Do or die slogan)
 Operation Zero hour (Gandhi Ji was Imprisoned in Aga Khan palace)
 Wavell Plan and Shimla Conference plan (14 June 1945)
 Mountbatten Plan : 3 June 1947
 Direct Action Day (16 August 1946) was the day the Muslim League decided to take "direct
action" for a separate Muslim homeland after the British exit from India. Also known as the 1946
Calcutta Killings, it was a day of nationwide communal riots
 Cabinet mission came to India in which year – 1946 (three men who constituted the mission, A.V
Alexander, Stafford Cripps (president), pethick Lawrence
 29 Aug 1947 on this day the Constituent Assembly set up a Drafting Committee under the
Chairmanship of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar to prepare a Draft Constitution for India. Committee took
141 days to complete draft
 There were 7 members in this committee and they are as follows

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar (President), N Gopalaswami Iyengar, Alladi Krishnaswami Iyer, Dr KM Munshi,
Syed Mohammad Saadullah,
N Madhav Rao (he replaced B L Mitter who resigned due to ill health)
T T Krishnamachari (he succeeded D P Khaitan who died in 1948)
 Who was the first Law and Justice Minister of independent India - B. R. Ambedkar
 Alfonso de Albuquerque arrived in India in 1503 as the governor of the Portuguese in India in
1509 (The first governor being Francisco de Almeida between 1503-09)
 Nino da Cunha (1529-38)— Transferred his capital from Cochin to Goa (1530) & acquired Diu &
Bassein (1534) from Bahadur Shah of Gujarat
 John Mildenhall a merchant adventurer was the first Englishman who arrived in India in 1599 by
the land route, for the purpose of trade with Indian merchants
 The French East India Company was formed by Colbert in 1664
 The East India Company acquired Bombay from Charles II on lease. Gerald Aungier was its first
governor from 1669
 The First Anglo-Mysore War (1767-69) - A tripartite alliance was formed against Hyder ali by the
British, the Nizam & the Marathas
 Siraj-ud Daula came to power in 1756. Calcutta was renamed Alinagar after its capture by Siraj-
ud-Daula
 Sir Charles Metcalfe (1835-36) called Liberator of Press
 Lord William Bentick - Most Liberal & Enlightened Governor General of India & regarded as the
“Father of Modern Western Education in India”.
 Lord Dalhousie - He laid the first Railway Line in 1853 from Bombay to Thane & second from
Calcutta to Raniganj.
A Post office Act was passed in 1854. Postage stamp were issued for the first time
 He was the youngest Governor General of India. He assumed charge at age of 36
 Khudai Khidmatgar Movement 1929. Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan. Upliftment of people of Frontier &
prepare them for
attainment of independence
 Aligarh Movement 1875 Sir Syed Ahmad Khan Liberalization of Indian Islam & modernization of
Indian Muslims
 Foundation of Asiatic Society of Bengal with the help ofWilliam Jones in 1784
 Cornwallis called “Father of Civil Service in India”.
 From 1910 to 1916, Lord Hardinge served as India's Viceroy during his tenure was the Delhi
Durbar of 1911
 Jinnah, the leader of Muslim League, did not accept the Nehru Report. Jinnah thereafter drew
up a list of demands which was called ’14 points of Jinnah
 The Non cooperation was the first mass movement launched under the leadership of Gandhi
 The August offer shocked nationalists, & the Congress launched the individual Satyagraha.
Vinobha Bhave was the first Satyagrahi while Nehru was second

 In 1944, Chakravarti Rajagopalachari (C.R.) proposed to appoint a commission to separate the
district in North-West & East where Muslims were in majority
 In 1912, Rasbihari Bose & Sachindra Nath Sanyal threw a bomb & Lord Hardinge at Delhi. (Delhi
Conspiracy Case).
 In 1929 only Jatin Das died in Lahore jail after 63 days fast to protest against horrible conditions
in jail
 In 1931, Chandrashekhar Azad shot himself at Alfred Park in Allahabad
 Surya Sen, a revolutionary of Bengal, formed the Indian Republic Army in Bengal. In 1930, he
masterminded the raid on Chittagong armoury. He was hanged in 1933
 The Universities of Calcutta, Bombay & Madras were established in 1857
 High Courts were established at Calcutta, Bombay & Madras in 1865.
 Capital shifted from Calcutta to Delhi (1912)
 An Indian Sir S.P.Sinha was appointed the Governor of Bengal.
 Communal riots of 1923 – 25 in Multan, Amritsar, Delhi etc. Swami Shraddhanand, a great
nationalist & a leader of the Arya Samajists, was murdered in communal orgy
 Communal Awards (August 16, 1932) assigned seats to different religious communities. Gandhiji
went on a epic fast in protest against this division

Modern History Top 500 Q&amp;A

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Modern History Top 500 Q&amp;A

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MODERN HISTORY

TOP 500 QUESTION & ANSWER

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 Mangal Pandey Gave the slogan : “ Maro Firangi ko.”

 Who was Governor General during Revolt of 1857 - Lord Canning

 Lord Canning was the first Viceroy of India

 Who led the revolt of 1857 in Bihar (Jagdishpur) - Kunwar Singh

 James Outram describes it as a joint conspiracy of the Hindu Muslim communities

 Benjamin Disraeli described it as a ‘National Revolt’

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Delhi Bahadur Shah II John Nicholson (died)

 Reese, observed that the revolt was a ‘war against Christianity’.

 John Lawrence, John Seeley - “Sepoy Mutiny”

 The Indian War of Independence by Vinayak Damodar Savarkar

 Rebellion, 1857: A Symposium by Puran Chand Joshi

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 Great Mutiny by Christopher Hibbert

 Religion and Ideology of the Rebels of 1857 by Iqbal Hussain

 The First Indian War of Independence 1857-59’. Karl Marx

States Annexed by Doctrine of Lapse Year of Annexation

Udaipur (उउउउउउ) 1852

Awadh ( by alleged internal misrule) 1856

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 Who denounced Congress as “ Microscopic minority” – Dufferin

 When was ‘Jana-Gana-Mana’ first sung - 27 dec 1911, in Calcutta

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 First Governor-General of Bengal

 Lord Canning became the first Viceroy of India/British India.

 Lord Mountbatten : First Governor-General of FREE INDIA

 Where did the Salt Satyagraha end – Dandi

 Quit India movement was started in 1942 – August

 Gandhi adjourned after the Chaura-Chauri scandal- Non-cooperation movement

 India was the first and the next to go – Portugal

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 Which was the birthplace of Guru Nanak- Talwandi

 Who was the successor of Guru Nanak- Guru Angad

 Who was the 1st Governor General of India - William Bentinck

 Charter Act of 1833 made Governor-General of Bengal as Governor-General of British India. (

 Where are the remains of Portuguese culture found in India – Goa

 Who founded the Ramakrishna Mission- Vivekananda

 The founder of Brahma Samaj was- Raja Rammohan Roy

 Who was the founder of Prarthana Samaj- Atmaram Pandurang

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 The Satyashodhak Samaj was founded by- Jyotiraba Phule

 Who gave the slogan “Inquilab Zindabad” – Bhagat Singh

 LORD CURZON : Division of Bengal (1905)

 Lord Minto II (1905-1910) –

 Lord Hardinge II (1910-1916)

 Who was the 1St Viceroy of India - Lord Canning

 Lord Canning (1856-1857)

 Who is famous as "Lady with the Lamp" - Florence Nightingale

 Who is the author of the book 'Life Divine' - Arvind Ghosh

 'The Loyal Muhammadans of India had a newspaper- Syed Ahmed Khan

 In which case Arvind was arrested- Alipur bomb case

 Who established Naunjwan Bharat Sabha - Sardar Bhagat Singh

 Who led the Ghadar of Kanpur- Nana Sahib

 Who initiated the civil service in India – Lord Cornwallis

 The act was repealed by Lord Ripon In 1881

 Lord Lytton (1876 – 1880)

 Government's transfer from 'Company' to 'Emperor' was announced by Lord Canning on 1

 Who was the last Viceroy of India – Lord Mountbatten

 India became independent during the Viceroy’s time – Mountbatten

 Who was the pioneer of local autonomy in India- Ripon

 Who was established under Pitts India Act- Board of Control

Modern History Top 500 Q&A

Modern History Top 500 Q&A