Perhitungan Tahanan Kapal (Metode Holtrop)

A. Data Utama Kapal

Tipe Kapal Container Carrier Cm 0.9841
Panjang (Lpp) 172.00 m Cb 0.715
Lebar (B) 32.20 m Cp 0.7436
Tinggi geladak (H) 18.7 m
Sarat air (T) 12.072 m Diperoleh berdasarkan Speed Lengt Ratio menurut NSP
Kecepatan dinas (Vs) 16.8 knot
Kinematic Visc. (28°C) 0.000000884715
B. Perhitungan Awal
1. Menentukan Lwl 4. Menenentukan Am
Lwl = (1 + 4%) Lpp Am = Cm x B x T
= (1 + 4%) 172 = 382.53777744
= 178.88 meter Cbwl = CbdispxLdisp/Lwl
= 0.70125
2. Menentukan Ldisplacement
Lwl = 178.88 meter 5. Menentukan Vdisp
Ldispl = 0,5*(Lpp+Lwl) Vdisp = Cb x Lwl x B x T
= 175.44 meter = 48760.68060864 meter^3
= 575.583552 feet
6. Menentukan Berat Displasmen ▲
3. Menentukan Speed Length Ratio ▲ = ▼x ρ air laut
Speed Length Ratio = Vs/√Ldisp = 49979.697623856 ton
= 0.70

7. Menentukan Luas Permukaan Basah

S= 1.025*Lwl((CbxB)+(1.7*T))
= 7984.14 m2

C. Batasan pada Metode Holtrop

Fn = <1.0 Fn = 0.206
Cp = 0.55-0.85 Cp = 0.7436
B/T = 2.10-4.00 B/T = 2.66732935719019
L/B = 3.90-14.90 L/B = 5.55527950310559

Vs(knot) Vs(m/s) Fn
6.8 3.4952 0.083436606995799
8.4 4.3176 0.10306874981834
10 5.14 0.122700892640881
11.8 6.0652 0.14478705331624
13 6.682 0.159511160433145
16.8 8.6352 0.20613749963668

Memenuhi Batasan Metode Holtrop

D. Menghitung Tahanan Gesek
1. Length of the run
LR is defined as :
𝐿_𝑅=𝐿(1−𝐶_𝑃+(0,06𝐶_𝑃 Lcb = -0.0142
𝑙𝑐𝑏)/(4𝐶_𝑃−1))
 𝐿_𝑅=𝐿(1−𝐶_𝑃+(0,06𝐶_𝑃
𝑙𝑐𝑏)/(4𝐶_𝑃−1))

LR = 45.8074328290438

2. Factor C14 (Stern Shape Accounter)

Cstern= -25 to -20 barge-shaped forms
= -10 after body with V sections
= 0 normal shape of after body
= +10 after body with U sections

C14 = 1+0.011*Cstern Karena desain kapal saya sama dengan desain

= 1+(0.011*(-8)) tersebut
= 0.912

3. Perhitungan Form Factor

1+𝑘_1=0,93+0,487118𝑐_14 〖 (𝐵/𝐿) 〗 ^1,06806 〖 (𝑇/𝐿) 〗 ^0,46106

〖 (𝐿/𝐿_𝑅 ) 〗 ^0,121563 〖 (𝐿^3/𝛻) 〗 ^0,36486 〖 (1−𝐶_𝑃) 〗 ^(−0,604247)
1 + k1= 1.243788

Rf (1+k1)= 0.5 x ρsaltwater x Vs^2 x CF x (1+k1) x S

Rf (1+k1)= 324.953880772367 Kn Cf = 0.00143001478867916
 Vs (knot) Vs(m/s) Cf Rf(1+K1) Rn
6.8 3.4952 0.00159873951297773 99.400834083491 706692410.55029
8.4 4.3176 0.00155674354783527 147.696478630964 872972977.738594
10 5.14 0.0015233257484186 204.827034557082 1039253544.9269
11.8 6.0652 0.00149258781219644 279.446323438374 1226319183.01374
13 6.682 0.00147503121894648 335.1833300268 1351029608.40497
16.8 8.6352 0.00143001478867916 542.692208930136 1745945955.47719

D. Tahanan Tambahan (RAPP)

𝑹𝑨𝑷𝑷=𝟎.𝟓 𝒙 𝝆 𝒙 "V2 " 𝒙 𝑺𝑨𝑷𝑷 𝒙(𝟏+𝒌𝟐)𝒆𝒒 𝒙 𝑪𝒇

(𝟏+𝒌𝟐)=(∑(𝟏+𝒌𝟐)𝑺𝑨𝑷𝑷)/(∑𝑺𝑨𝑷𝑷)

𝑪_𝟏 𝑪_𝟐 𝑪_𝟑 𝑪_𝟒

SAPP =(𝟏.𝟕𝟓𝒙𝑳𝒙𝑻)/𝟏𝟎𝟎

SAPP = 56.6852832

SAPP =
Luas Permukaan Basah Dimana:
C1= Factor for the ship type
(1+K2)eq = 1.4 = 1 General (Tanker)
C2= Factor for the rudder type
Nilai 1+k2 untuk rudder behind stern
adalah antara 1.3-1.5 = 1 General
C3= Factor for the rudder profile
= 1 NACA-profiles and plate rudd
RAPP= 4.336882 Kn C4= Factor for the rudder arrangement
= 1.5 Rudder outside the propeller jet
Sumber = BKI Volume II Section 14-2/21

Vs (knot) Vs (m/s) Cf RAPP

6.8 3.4952 0.00159873951297773 0.794353838037937
8.4 4.3176 0.00155674354783527 1.18030462970411
10 5.14 0.0015233257484186 1.63685891103976
11.8 6.0652 0.00149258781219644 2.23317300700327
13 6.682 0.00147503121894648 2.67859084994686
16.8 8.6352 0.00143001478867916 4.33688150619389
E. Tahanan Gelombang (Rw); untuk Fn ≤ 0.4

𝑅𝑤="C1 " 𝑥 "C2 " 𝑥 "C5 " 𝑥 𝛻 𝑥 𝜌 𝑥 𝑔 𝑥 exp⁡("m1 " 𝑥 𝐹𝑛+ "m2 " 𝑥 cos⁡〖 ("λ " ("Fn−2 " )) 〗

"C1 "=2223105 𝑥 〖 "C7 " 〗 ^3.78613 𝑥 (𝑇/𝐵)^1.07961 𝑥 (90−𝐼"E ")"1.37565 "

λ= 1.446CP - 0.03L/B when L/B < 12
C7 =0.229577 𝑥 (𝐵/𝐿)^0.33333 when B/L <0.11 λ= 1.446CP - 0.36 when L/B > 12
C7= 𝐵/𝐿 when 0.11<B/L<0.25 m1= 0.0140407L/T - 1.75254 ▼1/3/L +
"C7"=𝟎.𝟓 −𝟎.𝟎𝟔𝟐𝟓 𝒙 𝑳/𝑩 when B/L > 0.25 4.79323 B/L - c16
"C2"=exp⁡(−1.89 𝑥 √"C3 " c16= 8.07981 Cp - 13.8673 C2P + 6.984388C3P when Cp < 0.80
"C5 "=1−0.8 𝑥 𝐴𝑡/(𝐵 𝑥 𝑇 𝑥 "CM " )
C3= 0.56 A BT1.5/{BT(0.31√ABT + TF - hB)} c16= 1.73014 - 0.7067 Cp when Cp > 0.80

m2= c15 C2p exp(-0.1F-2n)

AT : luas transom d : -0.9
hB : tinggi pusat bulb dari base line c15 = -1.69385 for L3/▼≤ 512
TF : sarat pada bagian haluan c15 = 0.0 for L3/▼≤ 1727
iE : setengah sudut masuk, c15 = -1.69385+(L/▼1/3 - 8.0)/2.36 512 < L3/▼< 1727
jika tidak diketahui dapat menggunakan rumus pendekatan

Hasil Perhitungan Rumus Diatas B/L = 0.180009

C7= 0.180008944543828 Karena B/L antara 0.11 sampai 0.25 L/B = 5.55528
iE = 8.33 Sudut Masuk = 16.660
C1 = 2.73577962086076
C3 = 0 Karena tidak memakai bulbous bow
C2 = 1
C5 = 1 Karena Luas Transom = 0
L/B = 5.55527950310559 maka λ yang digunakan adalah 1.446 CP - 0.03 L/B
λ= 0.908587214906832
d= -0.9
C16 = Karena Cp c16= 8.07981 Cp - 13.8673 C2P + 6.984388C3P
C16 = 1.21209768877467
M1 = -2.22479856639813 L^3/▼= 117.3858 Kurang Dari 512
C15 = -1.69385
M2 = -0.0892380104954106
Vs (knot) Vs (m/s) Fn M2
6.8 3.4952 0.083479165839166 -5.48964380497702E-07
8.4 4.3176 0.103121322507205 -7.71859734271188E-05
10 5.14 0.122763479175245 -0.00122990763438653
11.8 6.0652 0.144860905426789 -0.00797948994292113
13 6.682 0.159592522927818 -0.0184678737950629
16.8 8.6352 0.206242645014411 -0.0892380104954106
Sehingga
Rw= 143.931981728765 kN

Vs (knot) Vs (m/s) Fn Rw
6.8 3.4952 0.0834792 0.00125338850226756
8.4 4.3176 0.103121322507205 0.0493825630397559
10 5.14 0.122763479175245 0.600115586133408
11.8 6.0652 0.144860905426789 3.97504957225511
13 6.682 0.159592522927818 12.7454808093561
16.8 8.6352 0.206242645014411 143.931981728765

F. Tahanan Tambahan dari Bulbous Bow (RB)

RB= 0.11 EXP(-3PB-2)Fni3ABT1.5ρg/(1+Fni2)

PB= 0.56√ABT/(TF-1.5hB)
and
Fni= ɣ/√g(TF-hB-0.25-0.25√ABT)+0.15V
2

Pb= 0 Karena ABT berniai 0

Fni= 0
 Jadi,
R B= 0 kN Karena Kapal Tidak Ada Bolbous Bow

G. Tahanan Tambahan dari Transom (RTR)

RTR= 0.5ρV2ATC6

C6= 0.2(1-0.2FnT) when FnT < 5

OR
C6= 0 when FnT ≥ 5

FnT has been defined as

FnT= V/√2gAT/(B+B Cwp)

FnT = 0

RTR = 0 kN Karena Kapal Tidak ada transom

H. Model-ship Correlation Resistance (RA)

RA= 0.5ρV2SCA

CA= 0.006(L + 100)-0.16-0.00205+0.003√L/7.5CB4C2(0.04-C4)

with
C4= TF/L when TF /L ≤ 0.04
or
C4= 0.04 when TF /L > 0.04

Tf/Lwl = 0.067487 Jadi C4 = 0.04

CA = 0.000387162410750773
RA = 118.1299 Kn

Vs (knot) Vs (m/s) RA
6.8 3.4952 19.3534793939656
8.4 4.3176 29.5324720163973
10 5.14 41.8544104540778
11.8 6.0652 58.2780811162579
13 6.682 70.7339536673915
16.8 8.6352 118.129888065589

I. Tahanan Total

Rtotal = Rf(1+k1)+RAPP+RW+RB+RTR+RA
 Rtotal= 421.3414 Kn

Vs (knot) Vs (m/s) Rf(1+K1) RAPP RW RB RTR RA

6.8 3.4952 99.400834083491 0.794353838037937 0.001253388502268 0 0 19.3534793939656
8.4 4.3176 147.696478630964 1.18030462970411 0.049382563039756 0 0 29.5324720163973
10 5.14 204.827034557082 1.63685891103976 0.600115586133408 0 0 41.8544104540778
11.8 6.0652 279.446323438374 2.23317300700327 3.97504957225511 0 0 58.2780811162579
13 6.682 335.1833300268 2.67859084994686 12.7454808093561 0 0 70.7339536673915
16.8 8.6352 542.692208930136 4.33688150619389 143.931981728765 0 0 118.129888065589

Vs (knot) Vs (m/s) Rtotal Ct Ctsm

6.8 3.4952 119.549920703997 0.008359021747113 0.00961287500918
8.4 4.3176 178.46 0.010101209141427 0.011616390512641
10 5.14 248.918419508333 0.011835104861455 0.013610370590673
11.8 6.0652 343.93262713389 0.013858187889142 0.015936916072513
13 6.682 421.341355353495 0.015410112564114 0.017721629448731
16.8 8.6352 809.090960230683 0.022898294816783 0.0263330390393
Rtotal Sea Margin
Rt= (1+15%)Rtotal
Rt= 930.454604265286

Vs (knot) Vs (m/s) Rtotal Sea Margin

6.8 3.4952 137.482408809596
8.4 4.3176 205.227433516121
Dalam hal ini tahanan total masih dalam pelayaran percobaan, untuk
10 5.14 286.256182434583 kondisi rata-rata pelayaran dinas harus diberikan kelonggaran
11.8 6.0652 395.522521203973 tambahan pada tahanan dan daya efektif. Kelonggaran itu disebut sea
margin. sea marginnya adalah 16%
13 6.682 484.542558656519
16.8 8.6352 930.454604265286

Power Of Motor
1. Effective Horse Power (EHP)
1 HP = 0.7355 kW Rt dinas = 930.454604265286
1 kW = 1.359619 HP Vs = 8.6352 m/s

EHP = Rtdinas x Vs
EHP = 8034.66 kW
EHP = 10924.081031613 HP

2. Delivery Horse Power (DHP)

DHP = EHP/Pc Dimana, Pc = ηH x ηrr x ηo
a. Effisiensi lambung ( ηH )
1. Menghitung wake friction
w = 0.5Cb-0.05
= 0.3075
2. Menghitung Thrust Deduction Factor
t = k.w Nilai k antara 0.7 ~ 0.9 dan diambil nilai k = 0.8
= 0.21525 (Principal of Naval Architecture hal 158 )
 ηH = (1-t)/(1-w)
= 1.133213
b. Efisiensi Relatif Rotatif (ηrr)
Harga ηrr untuk kapal dengan propeller tipe single screw berkisar 1.0-1.1. (Principal of
Naval Architecture hal 152 ) pada perencanaan propeller dan tabung poros propeller ini
diambil harga :
ηrr = 1

c. Efisiensi Propulsi (ηo)

Adalah open water efficiency yaitu efficiency dari propeller pada saat dilakukan open
water test. Nilainya antara 40-70%, dan diambil :

ηo= 55.00% (asumsi awal)

efisiensi propeller biasanya
52-56%

d. Coeffisien Propulsif (Pc)

Pc = ηH x ηrr x ηo
= 0.623267
Maka daya pada tabung poros baling-baling dihitung dari perbandingan antara daya
efektif dengan koefisien propulsif yaitu :
DHP = EHP/Pc
= 17527.12 HP = 12891.2002250525 kW
3. Shaft Horse Power (SHP)
SHP = DHP/ηsηb
= 17884.82 HP 13154.2859439311 Kw

4. Prime Power
a. BHP scr
BHPscr = SHP / Effisiensi Gearbox
= 18249.82 HP 13422.74 kW
b. BHP mcr
Daya BHPscr diambil(no engine margin)
BHPmcr = BHPscr
= 18249.82 HP 0.932134774938431
= 13422.74 kW

5. Thrust Horse Power (THP)

THP T x Vs
T Rtdinas/(1-t)
t k*w
antara 0.7-0.9
k
0.7
0.5Cb - 0.05
w
0.3075
t 0.21525
T 1185.67009144987
10238.4983736879 kW
THP
THP
13920.4600593989 HP