BAGUIO PATRIOTIC HIGH SCHOOL

#21 Harrison Road, Baguio City

Junior High School Department

School Year 2020-2021

SCIENCE 7
LEARNING MODULE
Living Things and Their Environment

Week 27—15-19 February 2021

Week 28—22-26 February 2021

Prepared by:

RYAN A. BERSAMIN

BPHS LM 0|P age

 Learning Module in Science 7

DATE TOPICS

Week 27 Lesson 3: Philippine Water Forms

15-19 February 2021 Lesson 4: Energy Sources
Reference Book: Nueva Espana, Phd., Rebecca C. et al.,
Science and Technology 7, (Abiva Publishing House, Inc.,
2016), pages 272-275 and pages 283-293
Week 28 Lesson 5: Conservation of Energy Resources
22-26 February 2021 Reference Book: Religioso, Teresita F. et al., You and the
Natural World 7, (Phoenix Publishing House, Inc., 2017),
pages 202-207
Ma. Ferriols-Pavico, Josefina, et al., Exploring Life Through
Science, The New Grade 7, (Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.,
2017), pages 313-322
Other References:
 https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/non-renewable-energy/
 https://justenergy.com/blog/7-types-renewable-energy-future-of-energy/
 https://www.conserve-energy-future.com/energy-conservation-techniques.php

___________________________________________________________________________________
Most Essential Learning Competencies: At the end of this module, each learner
should be able to:
 Describe the major water forms of the Philippines.
 Cite and explain ways of using Earth’s resources sustainably.

___________________________________________________________________________________
Values:
 Creativity and critical thinking in conducting an assigned task.
 Discipline in maintaining low energy consumption at home.
 Display of good behavior as a steward of nature and use of resources.

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 Week 27—Day 1
Lesson 3: Philippine Water Forms
Aside from the different oceans and seas that surround the Philippines,
there are other bodies of water, or water forms that are located within the
country and are considered abundant sources of food and minerals. These
water forms likewise contain a variety of plants, animals, and micro-
organisms.

Seas
A sea is a body of saltwater
comparatively smaller than an ocean.
Like oceans, no land barriers
separate a sea from another sea. The
common marine creatures in seas
include mollusks, fishes,
crustaceans, sea turtles, corals, and
planktons. Sodium chloride,
magnesium chloride, potassium
chloride, calcium sulfate, and
magnesium are some of the common
salts found in Philippine seawaters.
Potassium, magnesium, sodium,
The Sulu Sea is home to a multitude of islands and
chlorine, and calcium are some of the
abundant sea life.
major minerals found in seas.
The seas in the country include the Philippine Sea, which is on the western part
of the Pacific Ocean; Visayas Sea, which surrounds the Visayan Islands; Mindanao Sea,
which is located between Visayas and Mindanao; Sulu Sea, and Celebes Sea.

Rivers
Rivers are natural
watercourses that flow toward an
ocean, a sea, a lake, or another
river. The Cagayan River, Agno
River, Pampanga River, Marikina
River, and Pasig River are among
the river systems located in Luzon.
The Iloilo River and Panay River are
found in the Visayas. In Mindanao
you can find the Rio Grande de
Mindanao, the second largest river
in the Philippines, after the
The 8.2-km long Puerto Princesa Subterranean
Cagayan River of Luzon; Agus River,
Underground River winds through an underground cave
which flows between Lanao del Norte before flowing out to the West Philippine Sea
and Lanao del Sur; and Agusan
River in Caraga Region.
Another remarkable river system in the Philippines is the Puerto Princesa
Subterranean Underground River. It is located in the island of Palawan and is
considered one of the New Seven Wonders of Nature.
Rivers are very important not just as habitats for several aquatic organisms; they
also serve as a niche for great civilizations. Historical accounts attest to the growth of
great civilizations beside rivers, such as the ancient Egyptian civilization that developed
along the Nile River and the ancient Chinese civilization that flourished by the Yangtze
River.
Rivers likewise serve the following practical uses:
1. They supply water for domestic activities such as washing clothes, cooking, and
bathing, as well as for irrigating agricultural fields.
2. They serve as channels for transporting goods and people to different places.

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 3. They run turbines in dams for electric power generation.
4. They affect the formation of valleys and other landforms.
5. They affect the temperature of air by the amount of water they contain.

Lakes
Lakes are water forms
surrounded by land. While
contributing to the beauty of the
scenery around them, they also
provide sources of livelihood and
serve as channels for different forms
of water transportation. They can also
be utilized to generate electricity. The
Laguna de Bay (shared by Rizal and
Laguna), Taal Lake (Batangas), Lake
Buhi (Camarines Sur), Lake Paoay
(Ilocos Norte), and Lake Sampaloc
(San Pablo, Laguna) are examples of
lakes in Luzon. Lanao Lake (Lanao del
Lake Sebu is an important source of irrigation for Sur), Lake Sebu (South Cotabato),
South Cotabato and Sultan Kudarat. and Lake Mainit (shared by Agusan
del Norte and Surigao del Norte) are
found in Mindanao.
Waterfalls
A body of flowing water that
drops from an elevation such as a
steep area or a cliff is called a
waterfall. The Limunsudan Falls in
Lanao Del Norte is the highest
waterfall in the Philippines. Some
waterfalls like the Maria Cristina Falls
in Mindanao and the Pagsanjan Falls
in Luzon help generate electric power.
Other waterfalls are considered good
locations for recreational and
environmental activities.
The Limunsudan Falls is made up of two
levels of cascading water.

Week 27—Days 2-3

Lesson 4: Energy Sources
Non-renewable energy comes from sources that will run out or will not
be replenished for thousands or even millions of years.

Non-renewable Energy Sources

Sources of energy that are widely used are referred to as conventional sources.
These include fossil fuels, geothermal power, hydroelectricity, and nuclear power.

A. Fossil Fuels
Fossil fuels are formed from the debris of plants and animals that have been buried
for centuries. They are considered nonrenewable resources because it takes about a
million years for them to form. Coal, petroleum, and natural gas are among the most
utilized fossil fuels today.
When plants die, their remains are deposited onto the ground. Rocks, soil, and water
cover and press them tightly together. Continuous pressure and exposure to high

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temperatures over hundreds of years gradually
change these plant materials to coal. The table below
presents the common types of coal and the
percentage of carbon content in each type.
Type of Coal Percentage
of Carbon
Anthracite coal 95%
Bituminous coal 85%
Lignite 60%
Peat 30%
Filipinos still use coal
even as they continue to
search for other possible
sources of this fuel. In
Luzon, coal is being
mined in Cagayan Valley
and Albay. In Visayas,
coal mining continues in
Semirara Island (north of
Panay) and Cebu. Coal-
mining sites in Mindanao
are found in Surigao del
Sur and Zamboanga.
Study how coal is
processed for household
consumption on your
right.

A diagram showing how the energy obtained from a resource gets to homes to power a light bulb.

Out of all the conventional sources

of energy, oil is used abundantly all
over. Considering, oil is one of the most
important conventional sources of
energy in the Philippines, the resources
for same are even smaller. The
extraction of oil from deposits is known
as oil resources.
Petroleum is the mixture of
hydrocarbons like alkanes and
cycloalkanes. In crude form black
The Malampaya gas field is a deep-water gas- liquid is known as petroleum and the
condensate reservoir, located offshore, 65 km
formation of a natural gas occurs when
northwest of the island of Palawan,
the gas comes in contact with
petroleum layer. Natural gas is a mixture of 50-90% of Methane, Ethane, Propane,
Butane, and Hydrogen sulphide. After refining and purifying crude petroleum, it is
available as petrol, diesel, lubricating oil, plastic etc. Natural gas is also making a
significant contribution to the household sector. It causes less air pollution as compared
to other fossil fuel.

B. Nuclear Energy
Nuclear energy is usually considered another non-renewable energy source.
Although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, the material used in nuclear
power plants is not.
Nuclear energy harvests the powerful energy in the nucleus, or core, of an atom.
Nuclear energy is released through nuclear fission, the process where the nucleus of an
atom splits. Nuclear power plants are complex machines that can control nuclear fission
to produce electricity.

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 The material most often used in nuclear power plants is the element uranium.
Although uranium is found in rocks all over the world, nuclear power plants usually use
a very rare type of uranium, U-235. Uranium is a non-renewable resource.
Nuclear energy is a popular way of generating electricity around the world. Nuclear
power plants do not pollute the air or emit greenhouse gases. They can be built
in rural or urban areas, and do not destroy the environment around them.
However, nuclear energy is difficult to harvest. Nuclear power plants are very
complicated to build and run. Many communities do not have the scientists and
engineers to develop a safe and reliable nuclear energy program.
Nuclear energy also produces radioactive material. Radioactive waste can be
extremely toxic, causing burns and increasing the risk for cancers, blood diseases, and
bone decay among people who are exposed to it.

C. Biomass Energy
Biomass energy, a renewable energy source, can also be a non-renewable energy
source. Biomass energy uses the energy found in plants.
Biomass energy relies on biomass feedstocks—plants that are processed and burned
to create electricity. Biomass feedstocks can include crops such as corn or soy, as well
as wood. If people do not replant biomass feedstocks as fast as they use them, biomass
energy becomes a non-renewable energy source.

Renewable Sources
Renewable energy, often referred to as clean energy, comes from natural sources
or processes that are constantly replenished. For example, sunlight or wind keep shining
and blowing, even if their availability depends on time and weather.
While renewable energy is often thought of as a new technology, harnessing
nature’s power has long been used for heating, transportation, lighting, and more. Wind
has powered boats to sail the seas and windmills to grind grain. The sun has provided
warmth during the day and helped kindle fires to last into the evening. But over the past
500 years or so, humans increasingly turned to cheaper, dirtier energy sources such as
coal and fracked gas.

A. Solar
Solar energy is derived by capturing
radiant energy from sunlight and
converting it into heat, electricity, or hot
water. Photovoltaic (PV) systems can
convert direct sunlight into electricity
through the use of solar cells.
One of the benefits of solar energy is
that sunlight is functionally endless.
With the technology to harvest it, there
is a limitless supply of solar energy,
meaning it could render fossil fuels
obsolete. Relying on solar energy rather than fossil fuels also helps us improve public
health and environmental conditions. In the long term, solar energy could also eliminate
energy costs, and in the short term, reduce your energy bills. Many federal local, state,
and federal governments also incentivize the investment in solar energy by providing
rebates or tax credits.

B. Wind
Wind farms capture the energy of wind flow by using turbines and converting it into
electricity. There are several forms of systems used to convert wind energy and each
vary. Commercial grade wind-powered generating systems can power many different
organizations, while single-wind turbines are used to help supplement pre-existing
energy organizations. Another form is utility-scale wind farms, which are purchased by
contract or wholesale. Technically, wind energy is a form of solar energy. The

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phenomenon we call “wind” is caused by the differences in temperature in the
atmosphere combined with the rotation of Earth and the geography of the planet.
Wind energy is a clean energy source,
which means that it doesn’t pollute the air
like other forms of energy. Wind energy
doesn’t produce carbon dioxide, or release
any harmful products that can cause
environmental degradation or negatively
affect human health like smog, acid rain, or
other heat-trapping gases. Investment in
wind energy technology can also open up
new avenues for jobs and job training, as
the turbines on farms need to be serviced
and maintained to keep running.

C. Hydroelectric
Dams are what people most associate when it comes to hydroelectric power. Water
flows through the dam’s turbines to produce electricity, known as pumped-storage
hydropower. Run-of-river hydropower uses a channel to funnel water through rather
than powering it through a dam.
Hydroelectric power is very versatile and can be generated using both large scale
projects, like the Hoover Dam, and small scale projects like underwater turbines and
lower dams on small rivers and streams. Hydroelectric power does not generate
pollution, and therefore is a much more environmentally-friendly energy option for our
environment.

D. Geothermal
Geothermal energy is the heat that
comes from the sub-surface of the
earth. It is contained in the rocks and
fluids beneath the earth’s crust and can
be found as far down to the earth’s hot
molten rock, magma.
To produce power from geothermal
energy, wells are dug a mile deep into
underground reservoirs to access the
steam and hot water there, which can
then be used to drive turbines
connected to electricity generators.
There are three types of geothermal
Maibarara Geothermal Inc. (MGI) that supply power power plants; dry steam, flash and
to the Luzon grid for its 12-megawatt (MW) geothermal binary.
facility expansion in Batangas.
Dry steam is the oldest form of
geothermal technology and takes steam out of the ground and uses it to directly drive a
turbine. Flash plants use high-pressure hot water into cool, low-pressure water whilst
binary plants pass hot water through a secondary liquid with a lower boiling point,
which turns to vapor to drive the turbine.

E. Ocean
The ocean can produce two types of energy: thermal and mechanical. Ocean
thermal energy relies on warm water surface temperatures to generate energy through
a variety of different systems. Ocean mechanical energy uses the ebbs and flows of
the tides to generate energy, which is created by the earth’s rotation and gravity from
the moon.
Unlike other forms of renewable energy, wave energy is predictable and it’s easy to
estimate the amount of energy that will be produced. Instead of relying on varying
factors, such as sun and wind, wave energy is much more consistent. This type of
renewable energy is also abundant, the most populated cities tend to be near oceans

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and harbors, making it
easier to harness this
energy for the local
population. The potential
of wave energy is an
astounding as yet
untapped energy resource.

F. Hydrogen
Hydrogen needs to be combined with
other elements, such as oxygen to make
water as it does not occur naturally as a
gas on its own. When hydrogen is
separated from another element it can be
used for both fuel and electricity.
Hydrogen can be used as a clean
burning fuel, which leads to less pollution
and a cleaner environment. It can also be
used for fuel cells which are similar to
batteries and can be used for powering an
electric motor.

Week 27—Day 4
Name: _________________________________________ Year/Sec: _________________
Activity 2
Earth’s Resources
I IDENTIFICATION: Identify what is being described in the following statements
and write your answer in CAPITAL LETTERS on the space provided before each
item. (10 points)
_____________________________1. A body of saltwater comparatively smaller than an
ocean.
_____________________________2. Natural watercourses that flow toward an ocean, a sea,
a lake, or another river.
_____________________________3. Water forms surrounded by land.
_____________________________4. Formed from the debris of plants and animals that have
been buried for centuries. Coal, petroleum, and natural
gas are among the examples.
_____________________________5. Power that is generated from the heat of Earth's
interior.
_____________________________6. Energy generated by falling or flowing water driving a
turbine and an electric generator.
_____________________________5. The radiant energy of the sun can be harnessed to
produce power, which then generates electricity.
_____________________________6. Source of energy that is produced by the incoming and
outgoing effects of tides on water flow that in turn drives
turbines to generate electricity.
_____________________________7. Energy produced when wind currents spin the blades
of wind turbines that are connected to a generator that
produces electricity.

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______________________________8. A body of flowing water that drops from an elevation
such as a steep area or a cliff.
______________________________9. Energy source that is produced using the heat from a
nuclear reaction.
______________________________10. When it is separated from another element it can be
used as a clean burning fuel, which leads to less
pollution and a cleaner environment.

Week 28—Days 1-2

Lesson 5: Conservation of Energy Resources

Energy conservation is one of the words you are hearing more and
more these days. Unfortunately, a lot of the places you will hear about it will
be in ads marketing products or lifestyle habits that may have nothing to do
with actual energy conservation. To learn what real energy conservation
techniques are, you have to begin to understand the theory of conservation behind them.

Understanding Energy Conservation

Energy conservation is not about making limited resources last as long as they
can, that would mean that you are doing nothing more than prolong a crisis until you
finally run out of energy resources altogether. Conservation is the process of reducing
demand on a limited supply and enabling that supply to begin to rebuild itself. Many
times the best way of doing this is to replace the energy used with an alternate source.
In the case of fossil fuels, conservation also can include finding new ways to tap
into the Earth’s supply so that the commonly used oil fields are not drained completely.
This allows for those fields to replenish themselves more. This is not a process that
happens overnight; when you are talking about replenishing natural resources, you are
talking about alleviating excess demand on the supply in 100’s of years’ time to allow
nature to recover.

Why it is Important?
Without energy conservation, the world will deplete its natural resources. While
some people don’t see that as an issue because it will take many decades to happen and
they foresee that by the time the natural resource is gone there will be an alternative;
the depletion also comes at the cost of creating an enormous destructive waste product
that then impacts the rest of life.
The goal with energy conservation techniques is to reduce demand, protect and
replenish supplies, develop and use alternative energy sources, and to clean up the
damage from the prior energy processes.

Practical Methods of Energy Conservation

Below are energy conservation techniques that can help
you to reduce your overall carbon footprint and save money in
the long run.

Install CFL Lights

Try replacing incandescent bulbs in your home with CFL bulbs. CFL bulbs cost
more upfront but last 12 times longer than regular incandescent bulbs. CFL
bulbs will not only save energy but over time you end up saving money.

Use Maximum Daylight

Turn off lights during the day and use daylight as much as possible. This will
reduce the burden on the local power grid and save you a good amount of
money in the long run.

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 Get Energy Audit Done
A home energy audit is nothing but a process that helps you to identify
areas in your home where it is losing energy and what steps you can take to
overcome them. Implement the tips and suggestions given by those energy
experts, and you might see some drop in your monthly electricity bill.

Use Energy Efficient Appliances

When planning to buy some electrical appliances, prefer to buy one with
Energy Star rating. Energy-efficient appliances with Energy Star rating
consume less energy and save you money. They might cost you more in the
beginning, but it is much more of an investment for you.

Drive Less, Walk More and Carpooling

Yet another energy conservation technique is to drive less and walk more.
This will not only reduce your carbon footprint but will also keep you healthy
as walking is a good exercise. If you go to the office by car and many of your
colleagues stay nearby, try doing carpooling with them. This will not only bring
down your monthly bill you spend on fuel but will also make you socially more
active.

Switch Off Appliances When Not in Use

Electrical appliances like coffee machines, idle printers, and desktop
computers keep on using electricity even when not in use. Just switch them
off if you don’t need them immediately.

Plant Shady Landscaping

Shady landscaping outside your home will protect it from intense heat
during hot and sunny days and chilly winds during the winter season. This will
keep your home cool during the summer season and will eventually turn to big
savings when you calculate the amount of energy saved at the end of the year.

Bicycles are your Best Friend

Yes, bicycles could help us a lot in the process of energy conservation. Since
the bicycles are manually driven and use no forms of energy whatsoever, but
manpower, the bicycles are literally your best friend. If you are health
conscious, then it is simply double the gain. Just by choosing to go from one
place to the other by means of bicycles, you are not only doing your bit towards
saving the environment but also you are striving towards a healthier lifestyle.

Week 28—Days 3-4

Other Energy Conservation Techniques
The other few energy conservation techniques may surprise you. While there are
practical methods such as insulation, changing light sources, using alternate fuels and
carpooling rather than walking—try to understand the core techniques beneath that
will show you more about what to do in life.
Education
Education is probably the most powerful of all energy conservation
techniques that can be used. Education is not just about teaching people the
importance of conservation, but it is also about showing the alternative
choices that can be used in construction, manufacturing and other processes.

Alternative Power
There are more processes that are starting to use alternative power and fuel
sources in many different areas of life. The use of alternative power is one of
the most key energy conservation techniques because almost all of the

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 transition models require that the existing processes be upgraded or replaced
to more energy-efficient models too.

Switching to Solar Energy

Solar energy is one of the most effective sources of energy. Available in huge
amounts, especially in tropical regions, solar energy is a sustainable source of
energy. It is true that there are a few limitations to harvesting solar energy,
such as the expense of the solar panels and the cost of installing them. Also,
it can be a difficult situation during cloudy or rainy days or even during the
nights.
However, switching to solar energy will both- save the environment as well
as conserve our limited energy resources to a great extent.

Post-Test

Let’s Check What You’ve Learned!

############################################################
Name: _________________________________________ Year/Sec: _________________
Activity 3
The Philippines
I MULTIPLE CHOICE: Carefully read the following items and encircle the letter
of the best answer. (10 points)
1. Which of the following is a fossil fuel?
A. Wind B. Coal
C. Solar D. Biomass
2. Petroleum and natural gas formed from __________.
A. strong winds B. cooled magma
C. radioactive materials D. remains of plants and animals
3. Hydroelectric power produces electricity using __________.
A. wind B. sunlight
C. moving water D. cow dung
4. Which of the following is a nonrenewable resource?
A. milk B. coal
C. biomass D. water
5. Fossil fuels are classified as nonrenewable because they __________.
A. require expensive equipment B. take millions of years to replace
C. can be found all over D. provide all the energy we use
6. What are two advantages of geothermal energy?
A. cheap and a lot pollution B. expensive and a lot of pollution
C. cheap and little pollution D. expensive and little pollution
7. Wind, tidal change, and solar energy are all what type of energy resources?
A. cheap B. potential
C. renewable D. chemical
8. One problem with __________ energy is that it produces radioactive waste.
A. nuclear B. solar
C. tidal D. wind
9. Which of the methods of generating electricity does NOT use alternative energy
resources?
A. Burning coal in a power plant
B. Turbines spinning in dam
C. Solar panels taking in light energy
D. Drilling wells to reach hot rocks deep inside the earth

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10. Alternative Energy Resource is __________.
A. Energy that comes from harnessing the movement of the air
B. Energy that comes from the Sun
C. A source of renewable energy, such as solar, wind, or change in ocean tides
D. Fuel from plant material

Science 9 Module 13 Answer Key

BAGUIO PATRIOTIC HIGH SCHOOL

#21 Harrison Road, Baguio City
Junior High School Department
SY 2020-2021

Activity 1
I A B C D
A B C D
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6. [ ] [x] [ ] [ ]

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