| frinciples of Formulation | building blocks of | Skin care Products + Face Wash sri Cream | * Cold rea, ‘d | ‘ | * \anfs shy hamSKIN CARE PRODUCTS ‘+ A variety of skin care products exist in market. * They fulfil a variety of functions by either acting directly on the skin (moisturizers) or being a cosmetically elegant vehicle for the delivery of specific active ingredients (sunscreens or anti-acne medicaments). These skin care products are categorized into three functional groups DRUGS: To prevent diseases by altering the structure and function of the body. ~ COSMETICS: To beautify and improve the skin. COSMECEUTICALS: An intermediate classification for cosmetic products that may enhance the function of the skin. enhance the function of the skin. | * SKIN CARE PRODUCTS ARE MADE AS PER BELOW SKI TYPES * * Normal Skin * Dry Skin Oily Skin * Combination Skin * Sensitive Skin FACE WASH Face wash isa facia ‘osmetic used to cleanse the skin © Cosmetic used to cleanse the skin. + Helps improve skin complexion + Helps Rejuvenates the skin + Helps controls excessive oil + Helps nourish the sidin to make it brightand Radiantoa = | wash /| im a iy fac - washes/cleamse while a “te mg ton(or simply calls *cleansox") fs nem- foaming in nati. pms te wkd fon op dint , poll , pollution from He > Function oly face face wash 95 te sonowe cypor stalbel clabrel 2 ale eames pows dus to tis poorieg action. Composttion * -Thow on rm ga that constttude a wash & wu, ved. to uno! pe oe ths shin & pet | lamsos. 2 haan tes eamoue dabyBs & abt jor We te ‘an ‘the shehy 40° flaky favs & apes Iralthior flantoin= | Used fh 05 1 2 rane |= Tb & classt td, a both a kin fm pcoteotent tant & a skin condttis se sects nla ah from fiitetfont © skhh corti toy ee aa fg oy 8 mig appear hoalther. - Ged Laseath Subba = | — Cormorty abbsxutated SL5) cairns Claamencs denet contafn tee hagodliont SiS, whith 5 | known to he a common 6kin fhodtamt « > A cleamsex 1S mad, matstweezly & tyceailng than yous typical, wash. > Chamsys ae psoutn to be Qurtter than pacy washes % Soaps. fucs wash > Face usash cam be Was 2 4 pubelft, Jor soup. > haw washes gra, pore fare tra, wiih ally shin , gbuing you 4 mare matte Look. Face washes beam up Lies ae an seed w@ you gebing clam & sopusede WwWINGREDIENTS QUANTITY IN % Ethanolic extract of lemon a Ethanolic extract of neem 1 Ethanolic extract of aloe vera 1 Ethanolic extract of curcuma longa 1 Carbopol 940 2 Methyl paraben 0.1 Triethanolamine 2 Propylene glycol 2 Sodium lauryl sulphate 2 Distilled water qs. » PROPERTIES Y Ethanolic extract of lemon- anti bacterial and anti oxidant property. > © Ethanolic extract of neem - kills acne causing bacteria. Y Ethanolic extract of aloe vera - coolant, soothing and moisturizer. v Ethanolic extract of curcurma longa- antiseptic, anti bacterial, anti inflammatory. Carbopol 940- gelling agent, viscosity enhancer, suspension agent. Methyl paraben- antifungal agent and preservative, Propyl paraben- antifungal and preservative. Propylene glycol- humectants, vaporizer, v v v ¥ Triethanolamine- neutralizer, ph balancer v solvent. v Sodium lauryl sulphate- foaming agent., PREPARATION | + A little quantity of water was added with preservative propylene I - glycol and sodium lauryl sulphate were dissolved well. * To the above solution Carbopol 940 was added slowly and stirred well | until a gel like dispersion was obtained * To this the extract was added one by one to get a complete gel like | consistency. | * Then triethanolamine was added finally to the mixture. » EVALUATION OF FACE WASH GEL * Color x © Odour i * Consistency | ui * Viscosity | * Spreadability | * Washability * Foamability * Grittiness MOISTURIZING CREAM | | |tr When water is lost from stratum corneum more rapidly than it is | received from lower layers of skin the skin becomes dehydrated. * The dehydrated skin loses it's flexibility and appears rough. Creams which restore water or moisture & plasticizes the stratum corneum, provides it's flexibility and makes it soft. + These types of cream are known as moisturizing cream. Computer 6 & humectant: a skint = @INGREDIENTS QUANTITYIN % Stearic acid 4% Mineral oil 8% | Lanolin | 1% | Glyceryl monostearate 3% Isopropyl myristate 2% Glycerine Propylene glycol = oS | Triethanolamine | ae | Water | Perfume and preservati' 4 _ > PREPARATION Aqueous phase along with propylene glycol, isopropyl myristate, triethanolamine, glycerin and water heated at same temperature as oil ; phase. Both the phases were mixed slowly with continuous stirring to form the homogenous dispersion. Perfume was added when the temperature downs at 35 °C. Preservatives added in the water phase before mixing. «* ADVANTAGES + Moisturizing reduces the chances of skin problems. + Moisturizing can reduce the appearance of other blemishes. + Moisturizing helps your skin stay young. * Moisturizing fights wrinkles, + It's the perfect end toa hot shower, * Non-irritating when applied to the skin, + Easily water washable, + Less greasy compared to ointment, ie a f + Easy to spread on the skin's surface, i| Motstwkors as Cosmeceuticals z | Metchadsing fo ay wey fmportanc pat 4, Lsalig ache as master skin fends to loosen sebum bull up hash poms. JF fw Fagraclients that cam be sncarparcilie ina matibiocizey te conbial, nome Include — sabliylés aud & \ poronidle, [/ Mmeclants Bee olyconina & hyalturond act that: pull ust fo skin to valain ts naltital making ,& Cr oabi dutch, 08 glycalic % Lactic: accel that help to tod wn tk pals if behind camalso bo tneanponld 50 mab Gosmecudtal Mafsrurtao.s [Cosmecustal Youn \Roumal ATTRIBUTES eas ty as Roattve Negattie Sabfylls Acid YBaate Usale | Lotion ae RaS np See | |Puecade %& Noe [Treats & hubs Has 4 beds | May nok be bal | \ora, on for senstii Xam rata tet shin, 4 SR. | Hyabaxcon’ Huructomt that = {HH at nas tte shin | Lotfen| UdM! bes ant Pa | plimpoe & mara, ee 7 supple. | Lactto auth | Gently expels Makes skh skin le diate a7 | ea tia & | Reduce | Cuumine — | hyonrson8| ohn | tyaratty — | — oxtrachs — | daoths sued mies. ea See a a 2DISADVANTAGES / + Stability is not as good as ointment. | co They are less hydrophobic than other semi- solid preparation, so risk | of contamination is high than the others. | * Skin irritation of contact dermatitis may occur due to the drug and/ excipients, * Poor permeability of some drugs through the skin Possibility of allergic reactions. * Can be used only for drugs which require very small plasma i concentration for action. COLD CREAM * Itisan emulsion of water in oil (w/o) type. | * Used as moisturizer, makeup remover and cleanser, } The main principle of cold cream involves slow evaporation of water | phase which leads to cooling sensation. * Borax, beeswax are used as an emulsifying agent, (i —_ _ eee Ses aS 4 werent oy & — , lenin? i +h ae sae » IDEAL PROPERTIES OF COLD CREAM Should have optimum pH (4.6-6). Consistency should be optimum Should not be sticky Should be attractive in appearance | Penetration through epidermis of skin should be desirable. | Must be non-irritant and non-inflammatory. Should give cooling effects,INGREDIENTS QUANTITY CATEGORY (~w/W) OILPHASE i Mineral oil 45.0 Used as solvent and emollient Bees wax 16 Thickening agent and emulsifier Aqueous phase Borax 1 Emulsifier and provide whiteness Water 100 Preservative Qs. Antimicrobial Perfume Qs. Fragrance * PROCEDURE Heat the mineral oil and beeswax in a jacketed vessel at 75°C and maintain heat. In another container, dissolve borax and preservative in water and heat to 75°C (Aqueous phase). Slowly add this aqueous phase to the mineral oil-beeswax heated oily phase. Cool to 35°C and add perfume. 7 USES * Typically used to cleanse the face off makeup + Heavily moisturises dry skin, + Can also be used as a balm for dry cracked lips. + It can also be used as a shaving cream alternative for men.{ (old cream as Cosmocautical 7 Jnowaced, , now nile te | abilities & functfons, ie lat ean of Col comp x jormulaions gaus them oppo skin products with o- wer xarge ofp ing Cxoarms sinply as ‘cold ov "val se & produce rammed, by pumetifan , Yeathos than by Leek on | hacame fos ® lesa | fel, becane the nave. ld by, the ea of ee cale) Imveged, ap Pe complize the Ingraciomts & bunshic facts | eeu Cosmacouttical, Call Caan Cosmaauttadl Fypadibn| Gerapced effets fee ee! Hydsealis, Skin & Ughilins Scars shah, | leplox A bxceacs— Spactsuum prusiction ion tha die based on duolanaara exybomzeara: “ | Presay larae A ae oe oo tngtadionk that fr impxaues | feptides Poptites @ ep fap yaduca slong by Hai dase & pudocley AK 1 Merb Grain tea fn emit ae 4 gh in ? Poly purse | hips pit few radicals thet can lil, a shy | al ht 7 falps Tower | Kec _ Rect iy te heh. mes Cllogin geo Praia dba | gl hops ae ips skin tage’ [noc Piped peak chi cormyplaxion & tere.vanishing cream gets the name from the fact that it leaves no trace when rubbed into the skin. + These are oil in water ¢ mulsions that contains large percentages of water and stearic acid or other oleaginous components. After application, the continuous phase evaporates, leaving behind a thin residue film of the stearic acid. <= ee tg PROPERTIES OF VANIS) PONDS * High melting point ceaean * Pure whiteness * Very little odor and low iodine number * Rubbed easily on the skin ~ FORMULATION OF VANISHING CREAM Ueto QUANTITY CATEGO | (% w/w) OIL PHASE Stearic acid, triple 15.0% pressed | Cetyl alcohol 0.50% Emollient, water absorptive and j emulsifying properties Isopropyl myristate 3.00% Non-greasy emollient | AQUEOUS PHASE Sodium hydroxide 0,18 % Alkali Potassiumhydroxide | 0.50% Alkali Glycerol 5.0% Humectant Water 75.82 % Vehicle Perfume Qs. Fragfrance | Preservative QS. Anti microbial| | le || ADVANTAGES OF CREAM | | DISADVANTAGES OF CREAM / PROCEDURE a Dissolve the sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide in water, add glycerol and Preservative and heat to 80°C. In another vessel, melt the stearic acid, cetyl alcohol and isopropyl | myristate (oily phase) and heat to 75°C. Add the alk; ‘ali solution to the melted oily phase with good agitation. When the mixture has cooled to about 45°C, add the perfume and | continue slow mixing until cool. Cover and let it stand overnight. Remix briefly next day before packaging. Creams are more acceptable to the patients because they are less greasy | and are easier to apply. They interfere less with skin functions. | O/w type of creams (superior to w/o type) can be rubbed onto the skin more readily and are easily removed by washing. W/o can be spread more evenly. O/w type of cream are less likely to soil clothes. Evaporation of water from o/w type of cream causes a cooling sensation. Since it is a semisolid preparation and contains oil in large amounts, some of which are inedible, hence creams are not used for internal use. Basically creams are meant for application onto the skin The aqueous phase is prone to the growth of moulds and bacteria hence preservatives should be used, Sometimes rancidification of oils take place. . ee ee ts/| | Maric Cams a8 Uosmuceusteale- Gooey, Mantel Creams oro, bong commorceediterd wlth wii ee | ofl agd ler eg ne ath a ic =\p 012 croama help 2h pimp isa conantia cody | alally mals pimplis & pet aan le yoo ml i “tom disappan in a perdond ofy 5 t0 4 days. “le us dps i edie dane option foc bi. | Vareshing Cxeamns fax dak gnats as Cournacouticabar, — Cosmuceybical Borofiacal Shpects VGommonend Nites 6 Nouxfshos & etfuwymatin the skun. a ) a Prowande wrtnlebes fire Lure. Wage | Fl ag & sun dame rou 1 Hols tn the, akin tom. , blemf| Cam, wat |S & dork sp m | “Boal cme by the pares. Beohgua Be Baan ay a Al ia Irabse seduia spats tn Choa 8\ uri, || extracds flawdeer complexion. sat oa \flamuh Bg E, pat | Oph P- aur on va dank spats ; bl mPahus & = Mee vc ered Phos whit 4 anes amy) faafr & applica me F abeacoedashe PL, which makos tL | CXtam sublable ja appblcecton durding Heo, Phesg wace., man ahha dark, 5 ll as _ Ea aaa bie He & actiw aqahet ane ao well. nlf -aone | CwamHytipenspirants & Deodorants Deodorants ¢ ~ Broderomts aa dasigned 10 Wirtiale oder. Thay ave offin aliahol, baaod,- ~ Deodorant pred work fr ena Ci & ways — 5) by prawonling fom i by lla nam py bad oy that ducemposes Sweat on te. skip.INTRODUCTION —<—_—_—_<_<_[_$_${$_#_$_=£_$_{_>_——— = «7 DEODORANTS ; | “ w i cause body malodour. * A deodorants a substance applied to the body to prevent body odor | caused by the bacterial breakdown of perspiration in armpits, feet, | and other areas of the body. | * A subgroup of deodorants, antiperspirants, affect odor as well as | prevent sweating by affecting sweat glands. - ANTIPERSPIRANTS * Antiperspirants are typically applied ‘to the under arms, while deodorants may also be used on feet and other areas in the form of body sprays. * Inthe United States, the food and drug administration classifies and | regulates most deodorants as cosmetics but classifies antiperspirants | as over thescounter aE, ty pat Lin of Boatnintt Javexccostie :} cou “ PROPERTIES * It should not be irritant to the skin. * It should not deteriorate clothing. * Itshould be safe and nontoxic. to tise and adhere well on k body odor with perfume. + Absorb perspiration or inhibit the activity of gram+ ve bacteria, which* Ethnicity: hypotonic liquid form of blood ] plasma, 1 | + Acidic substance which is the degree of ~ | acidity is between 4 and 6. = + It consists mainly of 99% water and some mineral salts, which are sodium chloride, potassium, and bicarbonate. ammonia which secreted by sweat glands. | i * It also contains inorganic compounds such as lactic acid, urea, and y ODOR + Numerous odors substances are responsible: * Decomposition of the proteins | *Lower fatty acids, steroids and \ | lactones(have no smell, but they fix the odor combined action of food + Physical and psychological conditions + Individual property (dog detection) Y Method to control auxiliary odor © Reduce apocrine sweating | * Remove the secretions * Impede bacterial growth uC * Absorb, body odor\ <= ——— /| ACTIVE INGREDIENTS | {+ Aluminum chlorhydrate } + Aluminum chloride | + Basic aluminum bromide | + Basic aluminum nitrate f + Basic aluminum iodide i : : : | + Magnesium aluminum chloride | > TYPES OF ANTIPERSPIRANT * Aerosol + Sticks f * Cream 1. AEROSOL + A substance enclosed under pressure and able to be released as a fine | spray, typically by means of a propellant gas. | v FORMULATION Hl + An aerosol formulation consists of two components: the product | concentrate and the propellant. | + The product concentrate is the active drug combined with additional | ingredients or co-solvents required to make a stable and efficacious | product. * The concentrate can be a solution, suspension, emulsion, semisolid, or powder. , weDk sous a f + Asticksis a sold delivery vehicle cast in an elongated form. fi, * By rubbing a sticks onto a skin a variety of cosmetics ingredients can | be delivered such as fragrances, coloring agent, and emollients. | ¥ ACTIVE INGREDIENT OF DRY ANTIPERSIPIRANTS STICKS POWDER PHASE INGREDIENTS LIQUID PHASE INGREDIENTGS Avicel Volatile silicon Italian tale Isopropylan 33 Ultra fine AICI2 Perfume Dry-Flo starch Zn-Stearate * A substance applied to the body to suppress or mask the odor of | perspiration or other body odors. | Y¥ ACTIVE INGREDIENT OF CREAM * Isopropyl myristate * Benton 38 * Ethyl alcohol : * Zirconium complex + Silicon * Perfume EROSOL DEODO) * A system of colloidal particles dispersed in a gas; smoke or fog or containing a liquid or gas under préssure for dispensing as.a spray or | foam: a deodorant available in aerosol cans.aor frants + = coe , se em Llp tart fo pe ere Tagredlemts Pbk - Va . desde in ts ewtak or mohsiwa on ¥ en nit yon eee coal glal cl te rat of nat ae surface, tea sbeat duct i plugged, ,a Jucbach, rachanborn Steps th, fle. | [MECHANISM OF ACTION if * Most antiperspirants contain ingredients called aluminum salts, * The main way in which they work is to dissolve in Sweat and create a thin | coating of gel to cover over the sweat glands. | * This coating reduces the amount of sweat released onto the surface of | the skin for a number of hours after the antiperspirant is applied. rig beak eh pou ffpecprond 4 , Side VALNCE es Baw FR S| fuphraition a bid Gland saleestd: frinciples of formulation & | building blocks of Hair Care froducts: Olinda shampoo & Have toro a Prtt?- and. shampos- 4 Hawt a 1 — Ounliiy & Loumudatin Oy Pera phinyloradiamira based hat dye,‘ AIR CARE PRODUCTS | rf - Hair care is an overall term for hygiene and 4 a | f cosmetology involving the hair which grows from the human scalp, and toa lesser extent facial, pubic ¢ ) \ and other body hair. i * Hair may be colored, trimmed, shaved, plucked or | otherwise removed with treatments such as waxing, sugaring and threading. Hair care services are offered in salons, barbershops and day spas, and | products are available commercially for home use. | Laser hair removal and electrolysis are also available, though these are | provided by licensed professionals in medical offices or speciality spas. | | SHAMPOO | | * Ashampoo is a preparation of a surfactant (ie. surface active material) in { a suitable form - liquid, solid or powder - which when used under the | specified conditions will remove surface grease, dirt, and skin debris from the hair shaft and scalp without adversely affecting the user 7 PROPERTIES OF A SHAMPOO | * It should produce a good amount of foam. | * It should be easily removed on rinsing with water. i * Itshould impart a pleasant fragrance to the hair. * Itshould not cause any side effects / irritation to the skin or eye. * It should effectively or completely remove dust or soil. * It should not make the hand rough. _—Powder shampoo * Liquid shampoo + Lotionshampoo * Cream shampoo * Conditioning Shampoo + Anti- dandruff Shampoo * Baby Shampoo ACTIVE INGREDIENTS OF SHAMPOO CT, s Anionic Surfactants: The hydrophilic portion carries a negative charge which result in superior foaming & cleaning. e.g. Lauric acid, stearicacid. | Non-ionic Surfactants: Non-ionic Surfactant have good cleansing | properties but do not have sufficient foaming power. e.g. Sorbitol esters (TWEENS), Ethoxylated fatty alcohols, Lauric monoethanolamide. Amphoteric Surfactant: Amphoteric surfactants carry positive and negative charge they are mainly used as secondary surfactant & good | hair conditioners. e.g. B-amino acid derivatives, Asparagine derivatives. Conditioning agents: They are intended to improve manageability, feel & lusture of hair. e.g. Lanolin, Mineral oil, Polypeptides, Egg derivatives, | Herbal extracts Viscosity modifier: They are used to improve the thickness of compounds. (a) Electrolytes: Ammonium chloride, Sodium chloride (b) Natural gums: Gum Tragacanth, Gum karaya, Alginates (c) Cellulose derivatives: Hydroxyethyl cellulose, Hydroxypropy! cellulose (d)Carboxyvinyl polymers Polymer of acrylic acid cross-linked with polyfunctional agent Opacifying & Clarifying agents: Stearyl alcohol, Propylene glycol, Phosphates, Finely dispersed zinc oxide Milky emulsions of vinyl polymers.Preservatives: Bacterial growth in shampoo can lead to breakdown of © detergent i.e. resulting in discoloration of product hence preservative | \ are important in product. e.g. Formaldehyde, Esters of para hydroxy | benzoic acid | v Perfumes: + Fragrance must be soluble in shampoo + It must be compatible with shampoo i.e. not affect the viscosity & stability. e.g. Herbal, fruity & floral fragrance. | | » PROCEDURE FOR PREPARATION OF SHAMPOO \ * Measure the quantity of coconut oil, olive oil, castor oil & take it in a | H round bottom flask. | | * Potassium hydroxide dissolved in 3/4th quantity of water was added to | | it, heat it in a water bath for 70-80°C with constant shaking for 1hr. | * Take remaining quantity of water and add sodium hexamethyl | | cellulose, glycerine, perfume & other ingredients. | fj * Then mix both the solution to form a uniform shampoo. oe || CONDITIONING SHAMPOO * Conditioning molecules contained in shampoos combine the cleansing action with the function to impart manageability, gloss and antistatic | | properties of hair. | “* FORMULA Stearyl dimethyl benzyl (5.5% ammonium chloride | Ethylene glycol monostearate | 2% ceylalcohol —=S*«~sHSSC*S Water : ‘Upto 100% Color, perfume and preservative | Q.S| | | De CATIONIC SURFACTANTS [AIR CONDITIONER * — The primary purpose ofa hair conditioner is to reduce the magnitude of the forces associated with combing or brushing of the hair. > BENEEITS OF HAIR CONDITIONER: * It causes the hair to feel softer and more moisturized. | * Itreduce flyaway hair * It makes the hair more manageable and easier tocomb * Itincrease in hair shine Quaternary ammonium compounds (quats) are the most widely used eg. Stearalkonium chloride. * Positive charge on the bind to negative sites on the hair surface forming hydrophobic coating that render the hair softer and easier to comb and reduce static charge “+ LIPOPHILIC CONDITIONERS * Fatty acohol sush as cetyl and steary] alcohols are added to boost the conditioning effects of the quaternary compounds. * Other lipids found in conditioners include glycol distearate, triglycerides, fatty esters, waxes of triglycerides, liquid paraffin, etc. ** POLYMERS * Quaternized hydroxyl ethylcellulose polymer and copolymer of vinyl pyrrolidone improved wet combing and reduced static charge. * The most widely used silicones is dimethicone. * Some silicones are soluble in water and therefore may not be as effective in rinse-off products it forms a hydrophobic film that render the hair smooth, soft without greasiness.NTI - DANDRUFF SHAMPOO + Dandruff or scurfis the dry form of seborrhea capitis as seborrhea sicca in which the epidermis is shed in dry flaky scales. * Generally due to: . Dry skin. N . Irritated, oily skin (seborrheic dermatitis): one of the most frequent causes of dandruff, is marked by red, greasy skin covered with flaky white or yellow scales. 3. Not shampooing often enough. If you don't regularly wash your hair, oils and skin cells from your scalp can build up, causing dandruff. 4. Psoriasis this skin disorder causes an accumulation of dead skin cells that form thick, silvery scales. 5. A yeast-like fungus (malassezia). Malassezia lives on the scalps of most healthy adults without causing problems. But sometimes it grows out of control, feeding on the oils secreted by your hair follicles. i % Selenium sulphide 25% Bentonite 5% Sodium lauryl! sulphate 35% Ig Water Upto 100 | Color, perfume, preservative QS. --a Diente shenkhersEvaporating dish with the shampoo was weighed. | The exact weight of shampoo was calculated & the evaporating dish with the shampoo was placed on a hot plate until the liquid portion evaporates. * The weight of shampoo only (solids) after drying was calculated. «> DETERMINATION OF pH * The pH of 10% shampoo solution in distilled water was determined atroom temperature using a digital pH meter. “+ DETERMINATION OF VISCOSITY * Itisdetermined using Brookfield viscometer, 100ml of shampoo is taken in a beaker & spindle is dipped in it for about 5 minutes and then reading is taken. “+ SKIN IRRITATION TEST * Patch test technique is used here. * Asetof6 rabbits were used for testing each material. * The shampoo preparations are diluted between concentrations of 8- 10%, Patches containing the shampoo preparations were applied & then removed, the skin sites were noted for any changes on the surface of | skin like edema, erythema formation, I * These products are then classified as mild irritant, moderate & ieCLEANING ACTION 5g of wool yarn were placed in grease, after that it was placed in 200 of water containing 1g of shampoo ina flask. * Temperature was maintained at 35°C. The flask was shaked for 4 minutes at the rate of 50 timesa minute | % EYEIRRITATION TEST * About 1% shampoo solution was dripped into the eyes of 6 rats with their eyes held open with the clips at the lid. * The progressive damage to the rabbit's eyes was recorded at specific intervals over an average period of 4 seconds. * Reaction to the irritants can include swelling of the eyelid, inflammation of the iris, ulceration, hemorrhaging and blindness. HAIR OILS The hair oils are used for dressings and nourishing the hairs and grace to appearance of hairs. This preparations is generally used to increase the growth of hair and remains healthy. * The hair oil should have the following properties: v They should give luster to the hair. Y Retain them soft and flowing. v Increase their growth. Y Keepthe brain cool. | ¥ Should not be sticky. cr ALMOND HAIROILFORMULATION HAIR TONIC OIL INGREDIENTS QTY (%) ROLE f Aloe vera pulp | 4 Boosting scalp health Tulsi 2 Anti - bacterial Hibiscus 1 Control premature graying Shikakai 2 Anti-dandruff Coconut oil 25 Moisturize dry hair Almond oil 60 Treat hair loss and strengthen hair Methi 5 Hair growth Jasmine 1 Conditioning agent, provide good odour , * ALTERNATIVE HERBS INGREDIENTS © ALTERNATIVE | Tulsi basil ] Hibiscus Amaranth leaves, amla, black tea, henna, rose mary Shikakai Fenugreek, rosemary, liquorice Coconut oil Jojoba oil, argon oil, olive oil Almond oil Grape seed oil , lemon grass oil Jasmine Rose 7 METHOD OF PREPARATION All the dried and fresh herbs such as tulsi, hibiscus, shikakai , aloe vera || pulp and methi were weighed and grinded in the mixture and mixed in 60% of almond oil cloth 1 The above content was boiled for 15min and was filtered through muslin J | To the filtrate 25% coconut oil was added make up the volume 100mlFinally small amount of flavouring agent was added to the oil and it was placed in amber coloured bottle. * The prepared herbal hair oil was applied on 1 cm skin of hand and exposed to sunlight for 4-5 min. 2. ACID VALUE a) Preparation of 0.1 molar solution: Weighed 0.56 gm KOH pellets dissolve in 100ml of distilled water and stirred continuously. The prepared 0.1 molar KOH solution was filled in the burette. b) Preparation of sample: 10 ml oil was measured and dissolved in 50ml of 1:1 ethanol and ether mixture and shake it vigorously. Then 1ml of phenophthalein solution was added and titrated with 0.1 molar KOH solution. 3. SAPONIFICATION VALUE 1 10m] of ethanol : ether mixture (2:1) was added to the accurately | measured 1ml of oil , in 250 ml of conical flask. J ,| To this, 25ml of 0.5 N alcoholic KOH was added and kept undisturbed for || 30min and flask was cooled. | J || This solution was titrated against 0.5N HCL using phenolphthalein indicator 4 Similarly, the blank titration was performed without taking oilAmount of KOH in mg used was calculated using formula, Saponification value = 56.1 (B- S)N/W * Where, y B=volume in ml of standard HCl required for the blank v $=volume in ml of standard HCI required for the sample v N=normality of standard HCl v W= weight of the oil taken in gm for the test 4. pH TEST * pH meter is used for the determination of pH of herbal oil. 5. VISCOSITY * Ostwald's viscometer is used for the determination of viscosity. 6. SPECIFIC GRAVITY Specific gravity bottle was rinsed with distilled water, dried in hot air oven for 15min, cooled, capped, weighed and was noted as "a". Now the same specific gravity bottle was filled with the sample, capped and again weighed and noted as "b". Weight of the sample per ml was determined by subtracting the weights (b-a).DIAMINE BASED HAIR DYE y HAIRDYE 7 IDEAL PROPERTIES OF HAIR COLOR * Not injure hair shaft Hair dye or hair color is a chemical tool which is used to change the color ofa person's hair They are used to change the color of gray hair, a sign of an older age. Now in current trend younger people use hair color as a trend. Non-irritant & free from sensitization Nothave systemic toxicity Color of dyed hair: stable to physical factors No effect of shampoos, brilliantines, setting lotions on the dyed hair. Stable in the formulation sold in market Color hair without reducing natural gloss Not change the texture of hairs » PARA-PHYLENE DIAMINE This derivative of aniline, aromatic amine, is a colourless solid when pure but are partially oxidized and appear yellowish. Some misinformation has led to PPD being described as a black | mineral from the bank of the River Nile. This gave PPD an undeserved distinction as being natural. Paraphenylenediamine (PPD) is a chemical substance that is widely used as a permanent hair dye. PPD is used in hair dye because it is a permanent dye that gives a natural look, and the dyed hair can also be shampooed or permed without losing its colour. It isa white crystalline powder* HAIR CRAYON * Temporary hair Color is available i rinses, shampoos, Bels, sprays, fo: * This type of h shades or colo n various product forms including ams, air color is typically used to give brighter, more vibrant rs such as orange or red, that may be difficult to achieve with Semi-permanentand permanent hair color. These colorants do not pene trate into cortex or medulla. removed with shampoo so known as As such the dye is easily temporary hair color Ue Ua WR Cohn Triethanolamine 70% Glycerol monolaureate | 5.5% Gum tragacanth 2.5% Stearicacid 13.5% Bees wax 5% Carnauba wax 13.5% Ozokerite 8% Color qs. Water 50.10% Polyquaternium ~ 10 1.50% Methyl paraben 0.15% Propylene glycol 2% Disodium coscamido propionate | 15% Lauramide DEA 2% PEG-5 hydrogenated tallow amine | 4% Color 1% 4]Diffe er form color shampoo with Tespect to time Give stronger & more Permanent coloration to hair Some colors are removed i in 4-8 shampooings. Dyes used are: Nitrophenylenediamine, Nitroaminopheols, Aminoanthraquinones. Mixture is prepared before preparing color shades. Should be studied on white wool or hair. Semi hair color has no Ammonia. INGREDIENTS Ciyy'g Basic dye Less than 1 % Cetyl trimethyl amonium chloride - 30 4% Oleth - 20 0.25% Cetostearyl alcohol 3% Glyceryl sterarate/PEG - 100 stearate 3% Triethnolamine To adjust pH upto 8 Preservative qs. Perfume qs. Deionised water Upto 100% | 3. PERMANENT HAIR COLOR 1 + All "permanent" hair color products and lighteners i contain both a developer, or oxidizing agent, and an | alkalizing ingredient as part of their ammonia or an ammonia substitute. The purpose of thisis to: - Y Raise the cuticle of the hair fiber so the tint can | penetrate, Y Facilitate the formation of tints within the hair fiber, l Y Bring about the lightening action of peroxide. ULlsopropanol Oleic acid 22% Coconut diethanolamide 10% Ammonium 6.6% Deionised water q.s. to 100 4. NATURAL PERMANENT D' * Nowa days, plant materials are used eg. henna leaves Infusions, decoctions of plant materials are used. * The paste of powder of henna leaves prepared in hot water. + After coolingit is applied with stiff brush & allow to dry. * Henna contains lawsone (2- hydroxy- 1,4- napthaquinone)hrinciples of i > formulation 2 building blocks of Oral Care Products: + te aes OO & Teeth waranty, & Mouthwash.Oral care products are the products that are used to cleanse the oral cavity, freshen the breath, and maintain good oral hygiene. TOOTH PASTE * Toothpaste is a paste or gel dentrifrice used with a toothbrush as an accessory to clean and maintain the aesthetics and health of the teeth. ~ INGREDIENTS OF TOOTH PASTE ** ABRASIVE * These are used to remove food debris and residual stains of the teeth &to polish the teeth surface. * Eg: Precipitated calcium carbonate, Dibasic calcium phosphate, Tricalcium phosphate, Calcium pyrophosphate, Insoluble sodium metaphosphate, Anhydrous dibasic calcium phosphate, Hydrated alumina + DETERGENTS & OTHER FOAMING MATERIALS * These are used in toothpaste for their cleansing action These materials lower surface tension, thereby promoting penetration of paste & helps in removal of deposits & debris. * Eg Sodium lauryl sulphate, Magnesium lauryl sulphate, Sodium lauryl Sarcosinate, Sodium lauryl sulphoacetate, Dioctyl -sodium sulphosuccinate, Monoglycerides Sulphates Sulphonates * Humectants in toothpastes are used to prevent their drying out * They also impart some plasticity to toothpastes, * Eg: Glycerin Propylene glycol Sorbitol solutionBINDING AGENTS + Solid & liquid phases of toothpaste tends to separate in the absence of | binding agents particularly during storage. | + Binding agents disperse, swell or absorb water to form viscous liquid | phases. | + Eg: Natural gums (Gum Arabic, Gum tragacanth) Cellulose derivatives (Carboxy methylcellulose, Sodium carboxymethylcellulose, Hydroxyethyl cellulose) Starch ethers Synthetic resins «+ SWEETENING & FLAVOURING AGENTS * These are the most important ingredients in toothpaste as they have great influence on the acceptance of the product. * Eg: Saccharin sodium (0.05-0.3%) Chloroform Peppermint Spearmint Coriander Caraway Anise Eucalyptus “> MINOR INGREDIENTS * Titanium dioxide * pHregulators ‘ * Cellulose ethers * Carragheen | ORMULA | | | Calcium carbonate 60g Glycerine 20g Tragacanth powder 2g Sodium lauryl sulphate | 2g Saccharine 0.5g Peppermint oil | 0.5ml Methyl paraben 1g Propyl paraben lg Water 15mlPROCEDURE * Take half the quantity of water, add tragacanth powder & heat it ina | water bath to get a gel. To the remaining quantity of water, add glycerine, sodium lauryl sulphate, preservative & mix it thoroughly to get a clear solution. Weigh the required quantity of saccharin and calcium carbonate solution & mix it with the help of mortar and pestle. To this powder, add gum tragacanth & mix well. Add glycerine, preservative & sodium lauryl mixture to it and triturate uniformly to get a paste. Finally add flavouring agent & triturate well. Transfer to a narrow mouthed plastic tube, seal & label. EVALUATION OF TOOTH PASTE DETERMINATION OF HARD & SHARP EDGED ABRASIVE PARTICLES * The paste was extruded about 15 to 20cm length from collapsible tube of each sample on a butter paper. * Then all the samples were tested by pressing it along it's entire length by a finger for the presence of hard & sharp edged abrasive particles. DETERMINATION OF SPREADABILITY * About 1g of each sample was weighed and placed at the centre of glass plate & another glass plate was placed over it carefully. * Above the glass plates, 2kg weight was placed at the centre of plate, avoid sliding of plate. * The diameter of the paste in cm was measured after 30 minutes. * The experiment was repeated 3 times & the averages was reported for all the samples,+ A sample of 10g was accurately weighed and placed in a 100ml beaker. To this, 50m1 of water was added & allowed to stand for 30minutes | with occasional stirring until the toothpaste was completely dispersed. This solution was passed through 150micron standard sieve & sieve was washed with water. After washing, the residue remained on sieve was collected & dried in an oven at 105°C. After drying, the sample was collected carefully & weighed Fineness was calculated by using the following formula; Percentage by mass = s +100 | «+ DETERMINATION OF pH * Take 10g of toothpaste in 150ml beaker. | * Add 10ml freshly boiled & cooled water and stir well to make a i | ! i thorough suspension. Determine the pH of suspension using pH meter. * DETERMINATION OF FOAMING POWER * To 5g of sample, 10m1 of water was added & covered with a watch glass, allowed to stand for 30 min to disperse toothpaste in water The contents of the beaker was stirred & slurry was transferred to a 250ml graduated measuring cylinder, ensure that no foam was I produced & no lump went into the cylinder. The content of the cylinder was adjusted to 50m by adding sufficient water & temperature was maintained at 30°C Then the cylinder was stoppered & shaken it 12 times and the ‘ cylinder was allowed to stand for 5 min and the volume of foam was noted for all samples. | * Foaming power = V,- V,} i TEETH WHITENING qOOTHPASTE FOR SENSITIVITY Potassium nitrate 10% w/w Glycerin 25% w/w Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan manolaurate 2% w/w Silica 24% Flavour 1% Sodium saccarhine 0.2% 100% w/w Sensitive Toothpaste Glycerin 25% w/w Silica abrasive 20% w/w Propylene glycol 17.6% w/w Sodium bicarbonate 12% w/w Water 6% w/w Propylene glycol 600 3% w/w Sodium carbonate 2% w/w Silica thickener 2%w/w Sodium lauryl sulphate | 1.7% w/w color 100% w/w., . i | Mouthwash contain antibacterial agents, alcohol, glycerin, sweetening agent, flavouring agent and colouring agents. They are also used in oral mucous disease to treat mouth infections and ; to maintain oral hygiene. Mouthwashes are used after diluting with warm water. ~ FORMULA Zinc sulphate 20ml Zinc chloride 10ml Dil. HCl 10ml Compound tartrazine solution 1ml Chloroform solution 500ml Water Up to 100ml IN Pepsodent. eae Co