PLEADING: Pleading means to plead in the court of law TYPES: 1- Plaint 2-Written Statement Acc.

To Order 6 Rule 1, CPC

defines: “Pleading means a Plaint or Written Statement”
Function & Objects: 1- To being the Parties to definite issues 2- To prevent surprise and Miscarriage of Justice 3- To avoid
unnecessary expenses and trouble 4- To Save Public Time 5- To Eradicate Irrelevancy 6- To Assist the Court
Fundamental Rule: 1- Pleading should state facts and not law 2- The fact stated in pleadings should be material facts 3- Pleadings
should not state the evidence a) Facta Probanda b) Facts Probatia 4- The facts in pleadings should be stated in a concise form
Amendment: A pleading may be revised in following three ways: 1. By amending it at the instance of the court itself. 2. By amending
it at the instance of the opposite party and 3. By amending one’s own pleading with the leave of the court
Kinds of Amendment: 1- Compulsory Amendment 2- Voluntary Amendment
Essential of Plaint and Written Statement:Plaint 1.Heading and Title 2.Body of Plaint (A)Substantial Portion (B)Formal Portion
3.Relief Claimed 4.Verification Written Statement I.Admission and Denials II.Dilatory Pleas III.Objections in point of Law
IV.Special Defences
Conveyancing: In order to comprehend the power connotation of the term “Conveyancing” it is necessary to understand the meaning
of “convey” and “Conveyance”. In its legal meaning ordinarily speaking the term “convey” implies the transfer of property from one
person to another by means of writing and other formalities “Conveyance” in its widest sense is a made by which property is conveyed
or voluntarily transferred from one person to another by means of a written instrument and other formalities
Parts of a Conveyancing: 1.Description of Deed 2.Date 3.Parties 4.Recitals 5.Testatum 6.Consideration 7.Receipt 8.Operative words
9.Parcels 10.Exceptions and Reservations 11.Habendum 12.Covenants 13.Testimonium 14.Signature and Attestation
Parts of a Conveyancing: 1.Description of Deed 2.Date 3.Parties 4.Recitals 5.Testatum 6.Testimonium 7.Signature and Attestation
Cause of Action: May be described as a bundle of essential facts which is necessary for the plaintiff to prove before he can succeed. If
a plaint doesn’t disclose a cause of action, court will reject such plant.
Rules: Order 2 of CPC, 1908 gives 7 rules of Cause of Action: 1)Suit affording ground for final decision 2)Suit to include whole claim
3)Joinder of Cause of Action 4)Only certain claims to be joined for recovery of immovable property 5)Claim by or against executor,
administrator or heir 6)Order for separate trials 7)Misjoinder of causes of action and objections to it.

PLEADING: Pleading means to plead in the court of law TYPES: 1- Plaint 2-Written Statement Acc. To Order 6 Rule 1, CPC
defines: “Pleading means a Plaint or Written Statement”
Function & Objects: 1- To being the Parties to definite issues 2- To prevent surprise and Miscarriage of Justice 3- To avoid
unnecessary expenses and trouble 4- To Save Public Time 5- To Eradicate Irrelevancy 6- To Assist the Court
Fundamental Rule: 1- Pleading should state facts and not law 2- The fact stated in pleadings should be material facts 3- Pleadings
should not state the evidence a) Facta Probanda b) Facts Probatia 4- The facts in pleadings should be stated in a concise form
Amendment: A pleading may be revised in following three ways: 1. By amending it at the instance of the court itself. 2. By amending
it at the instance of the opposite party and 3. By amending one’s own pleading with the leave of the court
Kinds of Amendment: 1- Compulsory Amendment 2- Voluntary Amendment
Essential of Plaint and Written Statement:Plaint 1.Heading and Title 2.Body of Plaint (A)Substantial Portion (B)Formal Portion
3.Relief Claimed 4.Verification Written Statement I.Admission and Denials II.Dilatory Pleas III.Objections in point of Law
IV.Special Defences
Conveyancing: In order to comprehend the power connotation of the term “Conveyancing” it is necessary to understand the meaning
of “convey” and “Conveyance”. In its legal meaning ordinarily speaking the term “convey” implies the transfer of property from one
person to another by means of writing and other formalities “Conveyance” in its widest sense is a made by which property is conveyed
or voluntarily transferred from one person to another by means of a written instrument and other formalities
Parts of a Conveyancing: 1.Description of Deed 2.Date 3.Parties 4.Recitals 5.Testatum 6.Consideration 7.Receipt 8.Operative words
9.Parcels 10.Exceptions and Reservations 11.Habendum 12.Covenants 13.Testimonium 14.Signature and Attestation
Parts of a Conveyancing: 1.Description of Deed 2.Date 3.Parties 4.Recitals 5.Testatum 6.Testimonium 7.Signature and Attestation
Cause of Action: May be described as a bundle of essential facts which is necessary for the plaintiff to prove before he can succeed. If
a plaint doesn’t disclose a cause of action, court will reject such plant.
Rules: Order 2 of CPC, 1908 gives 7 rules of Cause of Action: 1)Suit affording ground for final decision 2)Suit to include whole claim
3)Joinder of Cause of Action 4)Only certain claims to be joined for recovery of immovable property 5)Claim by or against executor,
administrator or heir 6)Order for separate trials 7)Misjoinder of causes of action and objections to it.
PLEADING: Pleading means to plead in the court of law
TYPES: 1- Plaint 2-Written Statement
Acc. To Order 6 Rule 1, CPC defines: “Pleading means a Plaint or Written Statement”
Function & Objects:
1- To being the Parties to definite issues 2- To prevent surprise and Miscarriage of Justice
3- To avoid unnecessary expenses and trouble 4- To Save Public Time
5- To Eradicate Irrelevancy 6- To Assist the Court
Fundamental Rule:
1- Pleading should state facts and not law
2- The fact stated in pleadings should be material facts
3- Pleadings should not state the evidence a) Facta Probanda b) Facts Probatia
4- The facts in pleadings should be stated in a concise form
Amendment: A pleading may be revised in following three ways:
1. By amending it at the instance of the court itself.
2. By amending it at the instance of the opposite party
3. By amending one’s own pleading with the leave of the court
Kinds of Amendment:
1- Compulsory Amendment
2- Voluntary Amendment
Essential of Plaint and Written Statement:
Plaint 1.Heading and Title
2.Body of Plaint (A)Substantial Portion (B)Formal Portion
3.Relief Claimed
4.Verification
Written Statement
I.Admission and Denials
II.Dilatory Pleas
III.Objections in point of Law
IV.Special Defences

Conveyancing: In order to comprehend the power connotation of the term “Conveyancing” it is necessary to understand the meaning
of “convey” and “Conveyance”. In its legal meaning ordinarily speaking the term “convey” implies the transfer of property from one
person to another by means of writing and other formalities “Conveyance” in its widest sense is a made by which property is conveyed
or voluntarily transferred from one person to another by means of a written instrument and other formalities
Parts of a Conveyancing:
1.Description of Deed
2.Date
3.Parties
4.Recitals
5.Testatum
6.Testimonium
7.Signature and Attestation

Cause of Action: May be described as a bundle of essential facts which is necessary for the plaintiff to prove before he can succeed. If
a plaint doesn’t disclose a cause of action, court will reject such plant.
Rules: Order 2 of CPC, 1908 gives 7 rules of Cause of Action:
1)Suit affording ground for final decision
2)Suit to include whole claim
3)Joinder of Cause of Action
4)Only certain claims to be joined for recovery of immovable property
5)Claim by or against executor, administrator or heir
6)Order for separate trials
7)Misjoinder of causes of action and objections to it.