ABSTRACT

BENEFITS AND DRAWBACKS OF FRATERNITY AND SORORITY

MEMBERSHIP AMONG CRIMINOLOGY STUDENTS
OF PARTIDO COLLEGE

By

ABIQUE, RAPHAEL R.

CONCINA JOSHUA C.

GELE, RIZALDE JR.

RELLORA, MICO

OXIDENTAL, JEYMARK P.

Thesis Adviser:

DR. BENIGNO B. LITERAL, RCrim

Fraternities and sororities have a long history of being a part of many college students’

experiences, although they are frequently criticized. Some people think that the drawbacks of being a

member of these organizations outweigh the benefits. As mentioned by Jones (2023), there are top 10

benefits of joining fraternity and sorority, such as: Building a Support System, Networking Opportunities,

Leadership and Personal Development, Philanthropy and Service, Friendship and Lifelong Connections,

Academic Support, On top of that, the death of a student from Adamson University, who as well is aspiring

to be a member of a known fraternity in the country. Republic Act 11053. This act shall be known as the

“Anti-Hazing Act of 2018”. The provision of this act includes the registration of fraternities and sororities,

with the proper school authorities before it conducts activities whether on or off-campus, including

recruitment of members. Republic Act 7722. This act shall be known as the “AN ACT CREATING THE

COMMISSION ON HIGHER EDUCATION, APPROPRIATING FUNDS THEREFOR AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES”.

The provision of this act includes the one of the duty of the Commission which is to monitor and evaluate
 ii

the performance of programs. The study will utilize Partido College, Goa, Camarines Sur as the locale of the

research. The target respondents of this study is the criminology students from the College of Criminal

Justice Education of Partido College who are officially enrolled in academic year 2023-2024 and members of

active an registered fraternity or sorority inside the institution. The researchers will also consider using

Slovin’s Formula to compute the sample size if the total number of criminology students who are members

of fraternity or sorority reach 30 population or more. The researchers will also use Simple Random Sampling

in the selection of the respondents in the College of Criminal Justice Education in Partido College, Goa

Camarines Sur.The researchers will use quantitative analysis to know benefits and drawbacks of fraternity

and sorority membership along with the reasons and motivation of fraternity and sorority membership to

the respondents. The Descriptive Method will be used in analyzing and collecting data that described a

phenomenon by using a survey questionnaire. The researchers will use quantitative analysis to know

benefits and drawbacks of fraternity and sorority membership along with the reasons and motivation of

fraternity and sorority membership to the respondents.

 iii

BENEFITS AND DRAWBACKS OF FRATERNITY AND SORORITY

MEMBERSHIP AMONG CRIMINOLOGY STUDENTS
OF PARTIDO COLLEGE

A Thesis Proposal

Presented to the Faculty of the

College of Criminal Justice Education

Partido College, Inc.

Goa, Camarines Sur

In partial Fulfillment

of the Requirements for the Degree

Bachelor of Science in Criminology

RAPHAEL R. ABIQUE
JOSHUA C. CONCINA
RIZALDE P. GELE JR.
JEYMARK P. OXIDENTAL
MICO E. RELLORA

2024
 PARTIDO COLLEGE, Inc.
Goa, Camarines Sur
COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION

CERTIFICATION

This is to certify that the suggestions given by the Panel of Examiners to

RAPHAEL R. ABIQUE, JOSHUA C. CONCINA, RIZALDE P. GELE JR.,

JEYMARK P. OXIDENTAL, and MICO E. RELLORA candidates for the degree

of BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY in their thesis proposal

entitled “BENEFITS AND DRAWBACKS OF FRATERNITY AND SORORITY

MEMBERSHIP AMONG CRIMINOLOGY STUDENT OF PARTIDO COLLEGE”

during their title proposal defense on November 27, 2023, were complied with.

LEA P. MONSALVE
Secretary/Recorder

Reviewed and Approved:

BENIGNO B. LITERAL PhD. Crim.

Dean, College of Criminal Justice Education
 5

CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM

Introduction

Greek-letter organizations are academic organizations or societies at

colleges and universities, and their three letter names stood for actual mottos

(Aske, 2019) also referred to as fraternity and sorority. According to AppState

(2023) originally, both groups were called fraternities because that was the only

word that existed during the 1800s to describe the type of organization they

were. This may be due to the fact that most of these organizations were

originally started by men. In 1882, the Gamma Phi Beta women at Syracuse

University began to call themselves a sorority. This was by the suggestion of

their advisor who was a Professor of Latin and thought the word suited them

better. The word sorority comes from the Latin word "soror" meaning sister.

However by this point, many women's organizations had already been officially

and legally incorporated and could not change their name. Today, many of the

older "sororities" are referred to by that name, but may have the word fraternity

in their official title.

Fraternities and sororities have a long history of being a part of many

college students’ experiences, although they are frequently criticized. Some

people think that the drawbacks of being a member of these organizations

outweigh the benefits. As mentioned by Jones (2023), there are top 10 benefits
 6

of joining fraternity and sorority, such as: Building a Support System, Networking

Opportunities, Leadership and Personal Development, Philanthropy and Service,

Friendship and Lifelong Connections, Academic Support, Cultural and Diversity,

and Social and Recreational. Furthermore Banks and Archibald (2020) mentioned

that Greek-letter organizations are instrumental in engaging and involving

students on campus and have become a familiar symbolism of institutions in the

United States. However, fraternity and sorority life has faced numerous

challenges and changes over the last decade. Various media outlets have

reported multiple incidences connecting Greek life to hazing, sexual assault, drug

abuse, and death. Apparently these organizations are being criticized because of

the numbers of alleged death due to hazing or initiation rites as part of their

tradition in welcoming new members.

Campus and university administrators, national associations, and national

organizations need to remain aware of the potential for harm within student

organizations (Banks and Archibal, 2020). As stated by Shapiro (2023), deaths

and injuries as a result of hazing remains a national problem, and the

ramifications are frequently devastating after an 18-year-old died after a hazing

ritual at a home the fraternity rented in Pennsylvania's Pocono Mountains.

Considering also the event this October 2023 in the Philippines, a criminology

student, suspected of being hazed, has died and photographs of the victim’s

corpse reveal that he sustained bruises and cigarette burns on his body
 7

(Macasero, 2023). On top of that, the death of a student from Adamson

University, who as well is aspiring to be a member of a known fraternity in the

country.

It is evident that the victims were from tertiary levels given that (DepEd

Orders, 1991) fraternities and sororities are prohibited in public elementary and

secondary schools, and base penalty for non-compliance is expulsion for

pupils/students. Therefore, the concerned department of the government is the

Commission on Higher Education. The Commission shall be independent and

separate from the Department of Education, Culture and Sports (DECS), and

attached to the Office of the President for administrative purposes only. Its

coverage shall be both public and private institutions of higher education as well

as degree-granting programs in all post-secondary educational institutions, public

and private.

As mentioned by Atty. Alfredo A. Garbin, Jr. the executive director AKO

BICOL Party-list and a member of Tau Gamma Phi Fraternity, “Non-registration

of fraternities is a violation of Section 6 of Republic Act 11053 or the Anti-Hazing

Law of 2018. If a fraternity is not a recognized student organization, that means

it is not registered. If it is not registered, the fraternity and the school are both

liable for violating Section 6, for not complying with Section 6.” (Garbin, 2023).

The previous statements were supported by RA 11053 “Anti-Hazing Act of 2018”,

(Official Gazette, 2017).

 8

Section 6. Registration of Fraternities, Sororities, and Other

Organizations.—All existing fraternities, sororities, and other
organizations otherwise not created or organized by the
school but has existing members who are students or plans
to recruit students to be its members shall be required to
register with the proper school authorities before it conducts
activities whether on or off-campus, including recruitment of
members.

The Commission on Higher Education must therefore require the

registration of all fraternities, sororities and similar organizations that exist,

operate and have members in the schools. The law requires registration. Non-

accreditation is not an option. Take away their shield of non-recognition of

fraternities and sororities. This is an implementation matter. Implement the law.

The preceding statements were supported by RA 7722 or “AN ACT CREATING

THE COMMISSION ON HIGHER EDUCATION, APPROPRIATING FUNDS

THEREFOR AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES” (LawPhil)

Section 8. Powers and Functions of the Commission. Par. e -

monitor and evaluate the performance of programs and
institutions of higher learning for appropriate incentives as
well as the imposition of sanctions such as, but not limited
to, diminution or withdrawal of subsidy, recommendation on
the downgrading or withdrawal of accreditation, program
termination or school closure;

Numerous reports were published about alleged death due to hazing in

and out of the Philippines outweighing the advantages that every fraternity and

sorority present prior to being a member of their organization based on their

doctrines. This study desires to discover and verify the benefits and drawbacks

which are experiencing by the criminology students who are members of

 9

registered fraternity and sorority in Partido College and the reasons and

motivations behind of their membership. This study also aims to formulate

knowledge policy innovations based from the findings of the study.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine the benefits and drawbacks of fraternity and

sorority membership among criminology students in Partido College. Specifically,

the following questions must be answered:

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:

a. Age;

b. Sex;

c. Year Level;

d. Status of Membership;

e. Number of years as member; and,

f. Fraternity/ Sorority Affiliate?

2. What are the benefits of fraternity and sorority membership perceived by its

members along:

a. Personal Development;

b. Leadership Ability;

c. Social Relationship; and,

d. Academic Performance?
 10

3. What are the drawbacks of fraternity and sorority membership perceived by

its members along:

a. Safety and Health;

b. Social Exclusivity;

c. Academic Distraction;

4. What are the reasons and motivation in fraternity and sorority membership

considered by its members along:

a. Intrinsic Motivation; and,

b. Extrinsic Motivation?

5. What policy innovations may be proposed based from the findings of the

study?

Assumptions

This study is guided by the following assumptions that:

1. The respondents have different demographic profiles.

2. The benefits of membership to fraternity and sorority will depend on the

experience of the respondent within the above mentioned organization.

3. The drawbacks of membership to fraternity and sorority will depend on

the experience of the respondent within the above mentioned

organization.

4. There are varied reasons and motivation prior to membership in different

fraternities and sororities.

 11

5. The researcher could come up appropriate findings for the policy

innovation in regards with the in-school organizations like fraternity and

sorority.

Significance of the Study

The study on benefits and drawbacks of fraternity and sorority

membership among criminology students is important to the following

beneficiaries:

Commission on Higher Education. The result of this research will help

in the formulation of rules and regulation and strict implementation recognizing

organizations such as fraternities and sororities to tertiary institutions under the

commission.

Higher Education Institutions. This study can be a useful reference

for higher education institutions in strengthening their school mandates for the

strict compliance in the registration of fraternities and sororities inside their

institutions to avoid penalties set by the law and for the development of their

students.

Fraternities and Sororities. This research can be a basis to the

organization’s supervision and to serve as basis for improving th image and the

practices of their organization.

 12

Professors. The study will help the instructors to recognize how the

engagement of the students from joining fraternity and sorority affects the

academic performances of the students.

Parents. This paper will set as a guide to parents or guardians of the

students who are already a member and planning to be a member of a greek-

letter organizations, for them to monitor their child and to succor during the

decision making before conferring consent.

Students. This research will serve as a guideline to those aspiring

students who are planning to become a part of fraternity or sorority in or outside

of their institutions.

Researchers. The study can bring knowledge to the future law

enforcement officers that are searching for this study relating to fraternity and

sorority.

Future Researchers. The data that will be revealed may be used by the

other researchers for the enrichment of their own studies relating to school

organizations specifically, fraternity and sorority.

Scope and Delimitation

This study will focus on the benefits and drawbacks of fraternity and

sorority members along with the reasons and motivations in the membership to

such in-schools organizations.

 13

The respondents of the study will be limited to first year to fourth year

criminology students who are officially enrolled to the College of Criminal Justice

Education of Partido College in Goa, Camarines Sur, in the academic year 2023-

2024. Only members of fraternities and sororities inside the above mentioned

learning institution regardless the status of their membership will be involved in

this research. Any criminology students who are members of fraternity and

sorority off-campus or in a not recognized and therefore not registered student

organization are excluded in the study.

Definition of Terms

The following terms were defined conceptually and operationally in order

for the readers to understand clearly the study.

Benefits and Drawbacks. As used in the study, these are the

favourable and unfavourable factors of membership in fraternity and sorority.

Personal Development. It is the deep positive and lasting change to

how someone see themselves and realize their capabilities, to unleash

potential, and achieve your goals.

Leadership Ability. As applied in this research, it pertains to ability

or strength shown by a member of the organization that help in

guiding and encouraging group of people and their own organization

towards achieving their goals and objectives.

 14

Social Relationship. This means any voluntary or involuntary

interpersonal link between two or more people, individually or

within/between groups

Academic Performance. Conceptually, it is the measurement of

student achievement across various academic subjects.

Safety and Health. These words are used in the study as basis

whether or not a fraternity or sorority affects the health and safety of

members through their organization’s activities.

Social Exclusivity. It is a state in which a member is unable to

participate fully outside of their organization to sustain their

organizations credence.

Academic Distraction. This refers to member’s ability to perform

academic tasks being affected by the imbalanced time and attention

caused by the membership to fraternity and sorority.

Fraternity. This refers to a registered Greek-letter organizations composed of

male members within Partido College.

Sorority. This refers to a registered Greek-letter organizations composed of

female members within Partido College.

Reasons and Motivations. Operationally, motivation and reasons are the

driving force that pushed students to join Greek-letter organizations.

Intrinsic Motivation. These are the reasons that comes from within the

members of a Greek-letter organization prior to their membership.

 15

Extrinsic Motivation. These are the reasons of fraternity and sorority

membership that are driven by external rewards.

Republic Act 11053. This act shall be known as the “Anti-Hazing Act of 2018”.

The provision of this act includes the registration of fraternities and sororities,

with the proper school authorities before it conducts activities whether on or off-

campus, including recruitment of members.

Republic Act 7722. This act shall be known as the “AN ACT CREATING THE

COMMISSION ON HIGHER EDUCATION, APPROPRIATING FUNDS THEREFOR

AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES”. The provision of this act includes the one of the

duty of the Commission which is to monitor and evaluate the performance of

programs and institutions of higher learning for appropriate incentives as well as

the imposition of sanctions such as, but not limited to, diminution or withdrawal

of subsidy, recommendation on the downgrading or withdrawal of accreditation,

program termination or school closure.

Notes

John Aske (2019). Greek Letters in the Names of Fraternity Houses and

Honor Societies. Retrieved from: https://tinyurl.com/4s73h293

AppState (2023). History of Fraternities and Sororities. Retrieved from:

https://fsl.appstate.edu/history-of-greek-life
 16

James Jones (2023). The Top 10 Benefits of Joining a Fraternity or

Sorority. Retrieved from: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/top-10-benefits-

joining-fraternity-sorority-james-jones

Shamiece A. Banks, & James G. Archibald (2020). The state of fraternity

and sorority life in higher education. Georgia Journal of College Student

Affairs, 36(1), 3. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.20429/gcpa.2020.360103

Emily Shapiro (2023). The hazing death of Baruch fraternity pledge

Michael Deng was 'an active cover up,' prosecutor says. Retrieved from:

https://abcnews.go.com/US/hazing-death-baruch-fraternity-pledge-michael-

deng-active/story?id=94351156

Ryan Macasero (2023). Criminology student dies in suspected hazing.

Retrieved from: https://www.rappler.com/nation/metro-manila/criminology-

student-ahldryn-bravante-suspected-hazing-october-2023/

UK College of Personal Development. What is Personal

Development?.Retrieved by: https://ukcpd.co.uk/personal-development/what-is-

personal-development/

BallotPedia. Academic Performance. Retrieved from:

https://ballotpedia.org/Academic_performance

StudySmarter (2023). Social Relationship. Retrieved from:

https://www.studysmarter.co.uk/explanations/social-studies/social-relationships
 17

Stefan Falk (2023). Understanding the Power of Intrinsic Motivation.

Retrived from: https://hbr.org/2023/03/understand-the-power-of-intrinsic-

motivation

Department of Education (1991). DO 20, S. 1991 – PROHIBITION OF

FRATERNITIES AND SORORITIES IN ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS

AMENDED BY DO 49, S. 1995 – DIRECTING INFORMATION CAMPAIGN ON

HAZING REGULATION LAW. Retrieved from:

https://www.deped.gov.ph/1991/03/04/do-20-s-1991

REPUBLIC ACT No. 7722. “Higher Education Act of 1994”. AN ACT

CREATING THE COMMISSION ON HIGHER EDUCATION, APPROPRIATING FUNDS

THEREFOR AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES Retrieved from:

https://lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra1994/ra_7722_1994.html

Atty. Alfredo A. Garbin, Jr. (2023). Tell it to SunStar: Schools and

barangays must register every fraternity. Retrieved from:

https://www.sunstar.com.ph/cebu/opinion/tell-it-to-sunstar-schools-and-

barangays-must-register-every-fraternity

Republic Act No. 11053. “Anti-Hazing Act of 2018”. An act prohibiting

hazing and regulating other forms of initiation rites of fraternities, sororities, and

other organizations, and providing penalties for violations thereof. Retrieved

from: https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/downloads/2018/06jun/20180629-RA-

11053-RRD.pdf
 18

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES AND LITERATURE

This chapter contains the discussions of related literature and related

studies that have a strong impact to the present research study. All of these

studies and literatures are deemed significant to present study. Theoretical and

conceptual frameworks are also presented in this chapter.

Benefits of Fraternity and Sorority Membership

Contrary to popular perception, often negatively viewed elements of Greek

organizations such as costs and hazing did not hinder the respondents from

enjoying a unique American campus experience (Isomine, 2013). As stated by

Kokemuller (2021) social involvement, personal and professional development,

networking and academic support are all common benefits students gain from

fraternities. Sasso et. al (2019) also explained that fraternities and sororities

have numerous positive effects on the involved student. Students participation in

high impact student organizations like fraternities and sororities facilitated a

positive student experience and growth in student learning and personal

development.

In the study of Haines (2019) student affairs professionals identify and

significant research exists about the benefits in supporting intentionally

purposeful engagement opportunities, such as participation in student

organizations, but there is minimal research, from the student perspective, on

 19

why students decide to get involved in co-curricular activities. Typically, as

students participate in student organizations, they experience gains in specific

development areas, such as cognitive skills; interpersonal skills; and

developmental skills.

Fraternities also provide their members with matchless leadership training

(Flanagan, 2014). According to Hevel and Bureau (2014), in the first the first

year of college, fraternity and sorority membership was associated with

significant gains in socially responsible leadership. Greek experiences seem to

have improved their communicative confidence, which enabled some

respondents to hold various leadership positions (Isomine, 2013). As a member

of a fraternity or sorority, you will have the opportunity to join leadership or help

to organize events, allowing you to build new skills you might not have otherwise

learned while focusing on studying alone. You will also be spending time with

people outside of your major, so you can take the opportunity to learn from

those students and to step outside of your comfort zone (Whalen, 2019).

In the study of Gathercole (2019) at Rowan University, stated that joining

fraternity and sorority in school gave the feeling of belongingness due to being

with their brothers and sisters and having a common thing in mind. Many felt

that they found a family who they could spend every day with making them feel

happy that they are in their organization and being at Rowan. Not only that

being said many of the participants felt that their GPA increased or stayed the

same as well as the participants felt that being in their organization helped them
 20

have increased social skills, better networking opportunities and gained a huge

support system from their brotherhood/sisterhood. Havel and Bureau (2014) said

that, joining in fraternity and sorority possessed greater ties to the college

university, spent substantially more time participating in co-curricular activities,

facilitated increased levels of volunteerism and community service, and

developed increased learning and intellectual development.

The creation of a feeling of connectedness and integration into the

campus culture are key components of student satisfaction, academic success,

and retention, and are a vital part of the successful college experience

(Jorgenson et. al, 2018). Based on Hanski (2021) stated that, the aspect of

Greek life is lesser-known, but it has a place to be. Organizations provide

members with educational resources to uphold grades (coursework, tutors,

writing help, study files, and so forth). They do that to help students stay

productive and support the required GPA their chapters have for them to stay.

Regarding student success, it has been determined that fraternity and sorority

communities serve as a beneficial resource to members, and as a model for

broader efforts that are designed to maximize student retention and degree

completion (Walker et. al, 2014).

Based from the study of Delgado et. al (2014), members expressed

feeling drawn to their cultural-specific sororities because they felt a sense of

belonging and welcomed through their positive interactions with other members.

According to Whalen (2019), the most well-known benefit to joining a sorority or

 21

fraternity is the ability to create friendships that last a lifetime. Though you make

friends in college through other avenues, the closeness you can experience in

Greek life sometimes fosters closer connections than you might make otherwise.

As stated by, Hanski (2021), Greek-letter organizations help you build

connections and lifelong friendships. You develop leadership skills, participate in

social events, spend time with like-minded people, and learn through different

activities. With regard to the impact of fraternity and sorority communities,

(Biddix et. al, 2014) point out that several findings overwhelmingly suggest that

the opportunity for students to belong and connect with their peers through

fraternal organizations serves as a powerful method for retaining students.

As an opportunity for immediate involvement, joining a fraternal

organization provides members with instant access to a supportive peer network

(Biddix et.al 2018). As added benefits for institutions, the presence of a fraternity

and sorority community helps to engender an active and supportive alumni base

beyond the collegiate years (Walker et. al 2014). Research found that fraternity

and sorority members said they formed relationships with mentors and

professors, expressed actively participating in extracurricular activities, and

worked in internships to apply learning in their college classes (Barshay, 2021).

These fraternities and sororities started a legacy of creating new friendships, a

sense of belonging to the institutions, and bettering student experiences, both

inside and outside the classroom (Jones, 2017).

 22

Haines (2019) mentioned that Participating in campus clubs and

organizations is one way for students to become purposefully involved in their

educational experience. Furthermore, student organizations provide a learning

opportunity for the application of practical skills learned in the classroom,

resulting in student growth. Involvement is associated with multiple variables of

academic success including higher retention rates, increased satisfaction rates

with the educational experience, elevated rates of academic performance and

cognitive growth, and the advancement of career-related competencies. In

general, studies about involvement encompass the time spent in co-curricular

activities, such as student organizations, to the acquisition of specific skills and

student growth. As mentioned by Whalen (2019), Sororities and fraternities also

provide the chance to merge the social with the academic. Many sororities and

fraternities reward students for high grades, sometimes in the form of house

points that add up to give students the chance to live in a sorority or fraternity

house.

In addition to the abovementioned benefits of joining fraternity and

sorority, according to Whalen (2019) though most people immediately think

about the connections they could make on campus with peers while in a

fraternity or sorority, it is also beneficial to think about the connections you can

make with alumni and the future members of your chapter. Being part of a

fraternity or sorority can also boost your resume. First, your specific fraternity or

sorority could especially appeal to employers who have an affiliation with that
 23

chapter, giving you a greater chance of being hired. By being a member of a

fraternity or sorority, you will automatically be included in philanthropy events

and have the chance to take part in volunteerism while also spending time with

friends. You could also give back to a cause that you are passionate about.

Hanski (2021) also added common benefits of Greek life for students. First is

networking, members of fraternities/sororities indeed benefit from an alumni

network after graduation. These connections are valuable when searching for a

job or asking for references after college, leading to success and the second is

philanthropy, it’s a significant part of Greek life, allowing you to gain volunteer

experience and participate in leadership opportunities. Most Greek-letter

organizations focus on fundraisers and community projects, getting money for

charities each year.

Drawbacks of Fraternity and Sorority Membership

Greek-letter organizations are instrumental in engaging and involving

students on campus and have become a familiar symbolism of institutions in the

United States. However, fraternity and sorority life has faced numerous

challenges and changes over the last decade. Various media outlets have

reported multiple incidences connecting Greek life to hazing, sexual assault, drug

abuse, and death (Banks and Archibald, 2020). Correlates of heavy drinking have

also been well documented in the literature. Specifically, college men are more

likely than college women to drink heavily and experience alcohol-related

 24

consequences. Heavy alcohol use and alcohol-related consequences are

associated with belonging to a fraternity or sorority (Rinker et. al, 2016).

Research showing alcohol and hazing related deaths are nothing new,

but data shows fatalities appear to be on the increase (Cooper, 2017). College

drinking has been identified as one of the most serious problems on college

campuses, and Greek organizations, specifically fraternities, are often identified

as groups with particularly excessive alcohol use (O’Brien et. al, 2013). According

to the 2013 Missouri College Health Behavioral Survey data, 27% of all students

reported high-risk drinking. Students living in fraternity housing reported the

highest levels of risky drinking (56%), followed by students living without

parents off campus (29%) (Missouri Partners in Prevention, 2014).

According to McCabe et. al (2018) previous research has shown that

college students who belong to social fraternities or sororities have considerably

higher rates of substance use than their college peers who do not join such

organizations, as a result of both selection and socialization effects.

The ritual most people connect with negative outcomes in fraternities is

hazing (Tyler, 2017). According to Bruckner (2018) hazing related deaths have

been occurring since 1970. Hazing has been around for centuries with origins in

Ancient Greece and Rome. Schools supported and encouraged hazing behavior

because it was viewed as a way to teach obedience. Hazing practices include:

binge drinking, ridicule, isolation, sleep deprivation, paddling, beating, physical

exhaustion, and much more (Banks and Archibald, 2018). Another negative
 25

effect of fraternities is the social exclusivity factor. Fraternities promote an

environment where non-members are considered outsiders. Often times,

students are encouraged not to associate with other students who are not

brothers or will be punished for being seen at social events outside of the

fraternity. This kind of exclusivity is counterproductive to what a college social

environment should be: tolerant, diverse and dynamic. (Tyler, 2017).

As stated by Ordway (2017), joining fraternities and sororities distracts

college students from their coursework. Fraternities can also have a negative

effect when it comes to a member's academic standing. Most fraternities require

a significant time commitment in terms of helping with fundraisers, parties or

other social events. There are usually weekly meetings to attend and other

responsibilities a student must shoulder in addition to his academic course load.

Some college students can find it hard to juggle classes and fraternity

responsibilities.

The pressure from fraternity will often cause to sacrifice his grades in

order to put the fraternity first (Tyler, 2017). There was no evidence to support

the assertion that being a member of a sorority had a significant effect on critical

thinking skills (Asel et. al, 2015). Leadership, fraternity/ sorority membership had

no direct effect, they found that joining a fraternity or sorority did not affect

students’ critical thinking, moral reasoning, inclination to inquire and lifelong

learning, intercultural competence, and psychological well-being in either the first

or fourth year of college (Havel and Bureau et. al).

 26

As stated by Lucier (2020) joining fraternity or sorority you Might Be

Stereotyped by Peers, Ignorant or well-informed, your fellow students might

stereotype you once they know you belong to a certain Greek house or Greek life

in general. You Might Be Stereotyped by Faculty, your professors—who were,

after all, college students themselves once—might not have had as great of an

experience during their own undergraduate years.

Being Active Can Be a Major Time Commitment, is the fact that a sorority

or fraternity can be a huge time commitment necessarily a drawback to

membership? Of course not, but it is something to be aware of in advance,

especially if you struggle with time management or you know that your time is

going to be extremely limited during your college years. Joining Can Be

Expensive, while there are often scholarships available to students who need

them to remain members of their Greek community, there's no guarantee you'll

get these. There Can Be Strong Personality Conflicts, this is of course, is

inevitable whenever you're involved with a group of people, and you'll

undoubtedly encounter personality conflicts in everything from your Chemistry

study group to your rugby teammates (Lucier, 2020). Many researchers

postulate that college students who affiliate with a Greek organization will have

lower academic success (De Donato, 2017). As mentioned by Aren et al. (2014)

time spent engaged in organization activities obtained lower grade point

averages of first-generation college students who were Greek affiliated than their

peers who were not Greek.

 27

Reasons and Motivation in Fraternity

and Sorority Membership

As noted above, although there has been negative attention worldwide

about fraternities and sororities due to hazing and alcohol-related incidents,

many college students still have a high interest in joining a sorority and being a

member of the Greek life community (Johansen & Slantcheva 2018).

Motivation was the process that initiated, guided, and maintained goal-

oriented behaviors (Cherry, 2020). Motivation gives the reasons why a person

should have goals and work towards something (Cherry, 2020). Intrinsic and

extrinsic motivation were mandatory for students to gain knowledge through

their own will or through the influence or attraction of external tools (Deci &

Ryan, 2017). The motivation for joining an organization is often time-based on a

student’s experiences (Tinto, 2017). Some college students motivation come

from extrinsic components (e.g., education, money, exotic vacations, etc.). In

contrast, other student's motivation comes from an intrinsic standpoint (e.g.,

leadership development, learning, sense of belonging, etc.) why they attend

college (Tinto, 2017).

In connection to the motivation why members join fraternity and sorority

as stated by (Butler, 2021) on his study, there is limited research that currently

exists that focuses on the motivations of why college students join sororities.

Few research studies discussed motivation related to student involvement or

Greek life. Since Greek life students revealed motivation differently than non-
 28

Greek life students, an exploration of similarities and differences showed

motivation of both groups. . In most studies, researchers conducted no

experiments with control groups and said whether some approaches caused

motivation to grow (Barshay, 2021)

Across the United States thousands of young adults showed interest in the

membership of Greek life organizations found on college and university

campuses (Ordway, 2017). Based from the news article of Lacuata (2014), an

interview on DZMM on Tuesday, Dr. Paul Lee, a psychologist, explained that

young people, especially males, usually join fraternities due to their need for

acceptance as they battle with issues relating to their identity. "Sumasali sila sa

fraternity because of a want or need to belong," Lee said.

A common motive for membership is social opportunities. Brotherhood

and social interaction are core elements of fraternities. Social belonging helps

students feel more comfortable in the college community in fact, while social

motives are more common, some fraternities make community service a staple

of membership. Opportunities for community involvement, resume development

and leadership experiences can all help you grow personally and professionally.

Many fraternities have extensive alumni organizations that are great networking

resources after graduation as well. Some even offer mentoring opportunities

where you can meet and get advice from an alumnus in your career

field (Kokemuller, 2021). In the study of Delgado et. al (2014), sorority shared
 29

diverse values and family-like relationships were salient elements for the women

of color to find a “home” in which they were comforted, valued, and supportively

challenged. The study’s findings underscore the need for cultural-specific student

groups, which emphasize interpersonal connections, validate educational and

personal experiences, and support academic empowerment on university

campuses. Implications for university administrators regarding opportunities for

family-like connections and culturally congruent activities are discussed to assist

with the positive educational experiences and ultimate persistence of

undergraduate women of color on predominantly White campuses.

The result of the study of Delgado et. al (2014), the first motivation of

joining sorority was the desire and need to form a “sisterhood,” or lasting bonds

and relationships with the other women of color. Second, participants described

missing a sense of family and believed that by joining the sisterhood of sorority

members, the sorority would provide them with a second family away from

home. Factors were also mentioned in the study of Delgado et. al (2014), the

first was feeling a sense a comfort with members with similar racial backgrounds.

Second, participants reported that they would belong in the sorority because

they felt understood because of their cultural backgrounds. Members believed

that joining their cultural specific sorority would allow them to advance

personally, professionally, and will promote their personal self-betterment.

 30

Cultural-specific sorority would promote their professional development and

would have a positive effect on their career goals.

Based on the findings of study of Bello & Palarisan (2022), majority of the

students who were involved in fraternities and sororities were male, belonged to

second year level and had family’s monthly income of ₱500-₱5,000. 2. The level

of the personal and peer factors on students’ involvement in fraternities and

sororities was moderate while the family and school factors was low. 3. Students’

involvement in the organizational activities was high, moderate in recruitment

and initiation and very low in indulgence of vices. In general, students were

moderately engaged in the activities of fraternities and sororities. 4. Personal and

peer factors were significantly correlated to students’ involvement in recruitment

and initiation and organizational activities, while family factor was significantly

correlated to indulgence of students in vices. In overall, personal, peer and

family were factors affecting students’ involvement in fraternities and sororities.

For fraternity members, involvement is often a result of seeking

friendships, community, and professional development opportunities. Increasing

their opportunities for involvement comes through community service

opportunities, leadership roles, and community engagement. Fraternities

promote themselves as providing these opportunities and students looking for

these prospects are provided the ability to engage in a community that offers

them development, both emotionally and morally (Arquette, 2015). Those who

participate in sorority formal recruitment often find themselves wanting a sense

 31

of belonging, campus involvement and engagement, and leadership (author).

According to Strayhorn (2018), many students find a sense of belonging by

engaging with their peers in activities, clubs, and organizations. Involvement and

engagement often help students find their sense of belonging and purpose

(Strayhorn, 2018). He found that students' sense of belonging was connected to

their motivation to be involved on campuses. He also noted that students

involved in organizations on college campuses often associated themselves with

those who share the same values and interests.

Many female college students are attracted to social Greek organizations

because of various things such as sisterhood, accountability, leadership, sense of

belonging, involvement, engagement, and social status. Furthermore, this

chapter shows the various areas of why students are interested in joining a social

Greek organization. Students’ motivation to join social Greek organizations is

based on intrinsic and extrinsic motivational factors (Tinto, 2015). Because of the

importance of student development and growth, it is necessary to find the

motivations of college students that one works with to understand what drives

them to obtain a sense of belonging and to be a part of something bigger than

themselves (Tinto, 2015).

Having a sense of belonging is essential in the life of college students, and

many women join social Greek organizations to be a part of a bigger system than

themselves. Many students participate in the formal sorority recruitment process

to meet new people, develop a sense of identity, network, leadership, service,

 32

and belonging (Lambert et al., 2013). Women participate in the formal sorority

process because they believe that it is fun. Any students who participated in the

formal recruitment process were due to family, a sense of belonging, the ability

to have friends after college, obtaining a job, accountability purposes, and to

develop leadership skills. (Butler, 2021)

Students are most likely to not pursue membership in a fraternity or

sorority due to academic or financial concerns, with another primary reason

being that many interested students do not have a good impression of fraternity

and sorority organizations. For students that do not have a good impression,

hazing, alcohol use, and diversity of membership are twice as likely to be

contributing factors to not pursuing membership (Burkhard, 2021). Moreover,

college students join specific social Greek organizations based on their values,

principles, culture, and beliefs (Goldman & Hogg, 2016; Strayhorn, 2018).Those

students who join the fraternities or sororities are not merely looking for trouble

but there are deeper reasons, like to have a group they can call their own, to

experience good camaraderie, brotherhood and sisterhood and to have lots of

friends. (Anonymous Author, 2018)

According to Joseph Rhulman in his book “Personnel Principle in Chapter

House” the reason behind why college students enter organizations such as

fraternity, because of curiosity and peer pressure, in the youth sub-culture of

almost all generations the peer group is more powerful influence than

admonitions of parents and school authorities (Anonymous Author, 2018).

 33

Synthesis of the State-of-the-Art

All of the cited literature and studies hold a direct bearing with the present

study hence they dealt with the identification of the benefits and drawbacks

along with the reasons and motivation of fraternity and sorority membership of

the students in Partido College.

The studies of Isomine, Kokemuller, Sasso et.al, Haines, Flanagan, Hevel

and Bureau, Whalen, Gathercole, Jorgenson, Hanski, Biddix et. al, and Barshay

discussed about the benefits and advantages that a member of fraternity or

sorority have or might gain after membership.

The studies of Banks and Archibald, Rinker, Cooper, O’Brien, McCabe,

Tyler, Brucker, Asel et.al, Havel and Bureau, Lucier, De Donato, and Aren et.al

make statements regarding the possible risk in joining fraternity and sorority as

well as the drawbacks of being a member of such organizations.

The studies of Johansen and Slantcheva, Cherry, Deci and Ryan, Tinto,

Butler, Barshay, Ordway, Kokemuller, Lacuata, Delgado et.al, Bello and Palarisan,

Arquette, Strayhorn, Lambert, Burkhard, Goldman and Hogg, and an Anonymous

Author exposed the reasons and motivations of student why they joined Greek-

letter organizations.

Gap Bridged by the Study

 34

Much of the current researches about student involvement in fraternity or

sorority usually focuses on the benefits of being part of the organization, but not

what attracted students to join. This gap in the research has a direct impact on

implementing a strong student organization program for higher education

institutions. Aside from the involvement of benefits for being a member of

Greek-letter organization this study will also tackle about the drawbacks and try

to bridge the gap by determining the prior reasons and motivations of students

who decided to be part of fraternity and sorority in Partido College. The

researchers believed that there is a need to conduct this type of study to the

members of fraternity and sorority in the research locale to suffice insufficient

information and redress disinformation about fraternity and sorority specifically

on their benefits and drawbacks and the reasons and motivations of the member

in joining the organization.

Theoretical Framework

This research will be supported by three theories: Student Involvement

Theory, Rational Choice Theory, and Social Cognitive Theory. Their applications

in the study were presented in figure 1.

Student Involvement Theory (1998) by Alexander Astin as cited by

Duncan et. al (2016) explains how desirable outcomes for institutions of higher

education are viewed in relation to how students change and develop as a result

of being involved co-curricularly. The core concepts of the theory are composed
 35

of three elements. The first, a student's "inputs" such as their demographics,

their background, and any previous experiences. The second is the student's

"environment", which accounts for all of the experiences a student would have

during college. Lastly, there are "outcomes" which cover a student's

characteristics, knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and values that exist after a

student has graduated college.

As applied to this study, the identification of the benefits and drawbacks

of fraternity and sorority membership among criminology students who are

member thereof will be based from their inputs, environment, and outcome. In

addition, for maximum growth and learning to occur the student must be actively

engaged on their campus. The quality and quantity of a student's involvement on

campus has a direct impact on the amount of learning and personal development

that the student experience.

According to Rational Choice Theory (1776) by Adam Smith as cited by

Ganti (2023) states that individuals use rational calculations to make rational

choices and achieve outcomes that are aligned with their own personal

objectives. These results are also associated with maximizing an individual's self-

interest. Using rational choice theory is expected to result in outcomes that

provide people with the greatest benefit and satisfaction, given the limited option

they have available.

Student Involvement Rational Choice Theory

Theory Ganti
Duncan et. al (2023)
(2016) Students use rational
For maximum growth and calculations to make rational
learning to occur the student must choices and achieve outcomes that
 36

Benefits and Drawbacks/ Reasons and

Motivation of Fraternity and Sorority
Membership Among Criminology
Student

Figure 1

Theoretical Framework

The theory have a bearing on the

Social study in Theory
Cognitive the grounds of motivation of
LaMorte
fraternity and sorority membership of(2022)the students through the process of
Considers the unique way in
decision making. Prior to which
membership,
studentsthe students
acquire andallow themselves to think
maintain
behaviour prior and during their
based on their personal fraternity
objectivesand
and othermembership
sorority factors that will affect their

membership. From thinking which among the lists of the existing fraternity or

sorority will best fit their satisfaction or will weigh more beneficial over others.

According to Social Cognitive Theory by Bandura (1977) cited by

LaMorte (2022), the theory considers the unique way in which individuals

acquire and maintain behavior, while also considering the social environment in
 37

which individuals perform the behavior. The theory takes into account a person's

past experiences, which factor into whether behavioral action will occur. These

past experiences influences reinforcements, expectations, and expectancies, all

of which shape whether a person will engage in a specific behavior and the

reasons why a person engages in that behavior. Furthermore, the acquisition of

behavior can occur through observation of others or by communication with

others.

The researchers believed that the abovementioned theory have relevance

to the topic given that students already have past experiences prior to fraternity

and sorority membership, given that fact their past experiences affected their

behaviour and their decision in joining Greek-letter organizations. Moreover, the

exposure to older members affects the behavior and actions of new members.

The tendency of new members to conform to the recognized social norms and

socially desirable behaviors of the fraternity was important to them in order to

belong and to avoid situations that they perceived could result in negative

evaluations by other members.

Conceptual Framework

Input. The following will be the subsequent inputs of the study: the

demographic profile or the personal information of the criminology students, and

the benefits and drawbacks of fraternity and sorority membership along with the

reasons and motivation of membership.

 38

Process. In the course of this study the researchers will collect the

sufficient and needed data through conducting hands-on survey to criminology

students in Partido College.

Output. To complete the procedure of the research about the benefits

and drawbacks along with the reasons and motivation of fraternity and sorority

membership among the respondents as to what course of action should be taken

this study aims to arrive with a proposal which will serve as a measure for policy

innovation regarding fraternity and sorority within the educational institution,

Partido College.

BENEFITS AND DRAWBACKS OF FRATERNITY AND SORORITY

MEMBERSHIP AMONG CRIMINOLOGY STUDENTS OF PARTIDO
COLLEGE
CALENDAR YEAR 2023-2024

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

1. What are the benefits of

fraternity and sorority
membership perceived by
its members along: 1. Data gathering
a. Personal Development; process
b. Leadership Ability; a. Questionnaire
c. Social Relationship; and
d. Academic Performance?
2. Data processing
2. What are the drawbacks a. Percentage
of fraternity and sorority technique “Proposed
membership perceived by b. Weighted mean Intervention”
its members along:
a. Safety and Health; 3. Data analysis
b. Social Exclusivity; and,
c. Academic Distraction?

3. What are the reasons

and motivation in fraternity
 39

FEEDBACK

Figure 2
Conceptual Paradigm
Notes

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Duncan, Isaac and Oakley, Morgan (2016). "The Significance of Student

Involvement on Campus [brochure and streaming video]". Retrieved from:

https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/cns_apps/50/

Wayne W. LaMorte (2022). The Social Cognitive Theory. Retrieved from:

https://sphweb.bumc.bu.edu/otlt/mph-modules/sb/behavioralchangetheories/

behavioralchangetheories5.html

Janna D. Basler (2016). The Influence of Peers on Fraternity Behaviors:

The Role of Social Norming & Masculinity (Doctoral dissertation, University of

Missouri-Columbia). Retrieved from:

https://www.proquest.com/openview/97ffa924438227e1275ac6284f492640/1?

pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y
 49

CHAPTER III

METHODS AND PROCEDURES

In this chapter, the method of research by the researchers is presented.

This section also presents the respondents of the study, data gathering tool and

the statistical treatment of data.

Method Used
 50

This study will employ the Descriptive Method of research, a method to be

used to determine the benefits and drawbacks of fraternity and sorority along

with the reasons and motivation of membership as discerned by criminology

student who are members of active and registered fraternity and sorority in

Partido College, Goa Camarines Sur. The Descriptive Method will be used in

analyzing and collecting data that described a phenomenon by using a survey

questionnaire. The study will acquire Simple Random Sampling in getting the

respondents of the study.

Respondents of the Study

The study will utilize Partido College, Goa, Camarines Sur as the locale of

the research. The target respondents of this study is the criminology students

from the College of Criminal Justice Education of Partido College who are

officially enrolled in academic year 2023-2024 and members of active an

registered fraternity or sorority inside the institution. The researchers will also

consider using Slovin’s Formula to compute the sample size if the total number of

criminology students who are members of fraternity or sorority reach 100

population or more. The researchers will also use Simple Random Sampling in

the selection of the respondents in the College of Criminal Justice Education in

Partido College, Goa Camarines Sur.

 51

The researchers will use quantitative analysis to know benefits and

drawbacks of fraternity and sorority membership along with the reasons and

motivation of fraternity and sorority membership to the respondents.

Data Gathering Tool

The researchers will make use of survey questionnaire as the data

gathering tool. The survey questionnaires will involve questions to determine and

identify the benefits and drawbacks along with the reasons and motivation of

fraternity and sorority membership in Partido College, Goa, Camarines Sur.

Questionnaire. This tool will be the primary tool to gather data or

information from the respondents in the conduct of the study. It will serve as a

tool to find out the extent of the information dissemination to be conducted.

The questionnaire will be written in English language. It will be divided

into four parts; first is intended to the respondent’s profile to supply data in the

demographic profile of the respondents. The second part of the questionnaire

that will deal with the benefits respondents acquired for fraternity and sorority

membership. The third part of the questionnaire that will deal with the

drawbacks respondents acquired for fraternity and sorority membership. The last

part is about the reasons and motivation for fraternity and sorority membership

in Partido College, Goa, Camarines Sur.

Statistical Treatment of Data

 52

The researchers will use two statistical tools to conduct the study. These

are the percentage technique and weighted mean. The data will be treated

based on to the specific objectives.

Percentage Technique. This will be used to determine the percentage

of the responses and obtain the qualitative meaning of the data.

In order to get the percentage, this formula will be used.

F
P= x 100
N

Where:

P = is the percentage

F = is the number of respondents

N = is the total number of respondents

In order to get the frequency, count the number of the respondents who

answered each statement in every parameter.

In order to get the ranks, identify the highest mean and rank it as first

rank and the lowest mean as the least in rank.

Weighted Mean. This tool will be used to determine benefits and

drawbacks along with the reasons and motivation of fraternity and sorority
 53

membership in Partido College, Goa Camarines Sur. This will be used to treat the

data for the given questionnaire. A four-point scale will be used to describe the

perception of the respondents. The weight and equivalent verbal interpretation

are:

Weight - Verbal Interpretation

4 - Strongly Agree

3 - Agree

2 - Disagree

1 - Strongly Disagree

In order to get the weighted mean, this formula will be used.

Mw=
∑ fx
n

Where:

Mw= Weighted Mean

f= Frequency

x= Weight

n= Number of Respondents

∑fx= Summation of the Product of the Frequency times the weight

 54

An average in which each quality to be averaged is assigned a weight.

These weights will determine the relative importance of each quality on the

average.

CHAPTER IV
 55

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presented the results from the analysis and interpretation of

data gathered from the answers to the questionnaires distributed to the field.

The said data were presented in a tabular form in accordance with the specific

questions posited in the statement of the problem.

DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF RESPONDENTS

Table 1

Age of the Respondents

AGE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE RANK

10-17 YEARS OLD 0 0
18-30 YEARS OLD 35 100 1
31-45 YEARS OLD 0 0
46-60 YEARS OLD 0 0
TOTAL 35 100

According to table 1, 100% of the respondents has the age of 18-30.

Table 2

Gender of the Respondents

 56

GENDER FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE RANK

MALE 24 68.57 1
FEMALE 11 31.43 2
TOTAL 35 100

According to table 2, 68.57 % of the respondents are male and 31.43% are

female. Therefore, the majority of our respondents are male.

Table 3

Fraternity and Sorority Members of the Respondents

FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE RANK
FRATERNITY 24 68.57 1
SORORITY 11 31.43 2
TOTAL 35 100

According to Table 3, 68.57 % of the respondents are Fraternity members and

31.43% are Sorority members.

Table 4
 57

Year level of the Respondents

YEAR LEVEL FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE RANK

1ST YEAR 8 22.86 3
2ND YEAR 13 37.14 1
3RD YEAR 9 25.71 2
4TH YEAR 5 14.29 4
TOTAL 35 100

According to Table 4, 22.86 % of the respondents are in the first-year level,

37.14 % are in the second level, 25. 71 % are in the third year level and 14.

29% are in the fourth year level. Therefore, the majority of our respondents are

in the second year level.

Table 5

ACTIVE AND INACTIVE MEMBERS OF THE RESPONDENTS

FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE RANK
ACTIVE 35 100 1
INACTIVE 0 0 2
TOTAL 35 100

According to table 5, 100% of the respondents are active members of fraternity

and sorority.
 58

Table 6

No. of years as a member of the Respondents in the fraternity

and sorority

months/year FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE RANK

0-12 months 6 17.14 2
1-5 years 25 71.43 1
6-10 years 4 11.43 3
10 years above 0 0.00 4
TOTAL 35 100

According to Table 6, 17.14 % of the respondents are in 0-12 months as a

member, 71.43 % of the respondents are in 1-5 years, 11.43% are in 6-10 years

as a member and there are none for 10 years above as a member from the

respondents in the fraternity and sorority.

Table 7.1

Personal Development WM DI RAN

4 3 2 1
K

1. Learn how to engage in 16 1

problem-solving skills with the 15 3
(48 (1 3.29 SA 5
help of my (60) (6)
sisterhoods/brotherhoods. ) )

2. Develop decision-making or 14 19 2 0 3.39 SA 3

conflict resolution in the
(56) (57 (4) 0
organization.
)
 59

3. Boost self-confidence in terms 13 20 2 0 3.31 SA 4

of socializing with others.
(52) (60 (4) 0
)

4. Gain more communication skills 14 21 0 0 3.40 SA 2

within the organization.
(56) (63 (0) (0
) )

5. Gained some cultural 15 20 0 0 3.43 SA 1

competency and how to respect
(60) (63 0 0
from within.
)

TOTAL 3.3 S
6 A

Leadership Ability WM DI RAN

4 3 2 1
K

1. Learn how to listen to other 14 18 3 0

members, especially on
(56) (54 (6) 0 3.31 SA 2
suggestions.
)

2. Expressed the suggestions of 8 24 2 1

other members.
(32) (72 (4) 1 3.11 SA 5
)

3. As a leader, I always 13 19 3 0
understand and empathize with
(52) (72 (4) 0 3.66 SA 1
the needs and feelings of any
)
members.

4. I'm aware of the sensitivity of 12 20 3 0

my co-member
(48) (60 (6) 0 3.26 SA 3
)

5. Always address issues promptly 10 23 1 1

and constructively, in social
(40) (69 (2) 1 3.20 SA 4
relationships.
)

TOTAL 3.3 S
 60

1 A

Social Relationship WM DI RAN

4 3 2 1
K

1. Understand the teamwork in the 15 20 0 0

organization like sharing ideas and
(60) (60 0 0 3.43 SA 3
supporting each other in achieving
)
common goals.

2. Learn how to trust and respect 25 9 0 1

each other.
(100 (27 (0) 1 3.66 SA 2
) )

3. Know how to feel valued, 14 21 0 0

supported, and connected to other
(56) (63 0 0 3.40 SA 4
members of my organization.
)

4. Learn how to respect my 34 1 0 0

organizational culture by our
(136 (3) (0) (0 3.97 SA 1
values and behavior.
) )

5. Find it mutually acceptable for 18 12 5 0

other members.
(72) (3) (10 0 3.37 SA 5
)

TOTAL 3.5 S
6 A
Academic Performance WM DI RAN
4 3 2 1
K

1. My organization has a 9 25 1 0
scholarship program, so it helps
(36) (75 (2) (0 3.23 SA 3
me in my academics, especially
) )
financially.

2. My organization helps me with 14 21 0 0 3.20 SA 4

difficult concepts and improves
(56) (21 0 0
comprehension and retention of
)
my academic material.
 61

3. My co-members motivate me in 15 18 2 0
terms of academics to stay
(60) (54 (4) 0 3.46 SA 1
focused and good study habits.
)

4. They learn how valuable time 12 18 2 3

management skills, are for
(48) (54 (4) (3 3.11 SA 5
balancing academic responsibilities
) )
with extracurricular activities.

5. My organization gives me 15 20 0 0
distractions in my academic
(60) (60 0 0 3.43 SA 2
performance.
)

TOTAL 3.3 S
0 A

Part III. DRAWBACKS OF FRATERNITY AND SORORITY MEMBERSHIP

PERCEIVED.

Safety and Health 4 3 2 1 WM DI RANK

1.Engage in organizations rituals 0 5 10 20

before joining on fraternity.
(0) (15 (20 (20 1.57 D 4
) ) )

2.During meetings, my 0 0 0 35
organization has drinking
(0) (0) (0) (35 1.00 SD 5
sessions .
)

3.My organization’s quarter have 4 6 10 15

not been properly repaired and
(16 (18 (20 (15 1.97 D 3
have poor hygiene practices.
) ) ) )

4. My organization has lack of 20 12 3 0

safety rules.
(80 (36 (6) 0 3.49 SA 1
) )
 62

5. Some organizations have 18 10 3 4

engaged in sexual assault and
(72 (30 (6) (4) 3.20 SA 2
harassment that causing me
) )
distress and mental issues.

TOTAL 2.2 A
5

Social Exclusivity 4 3 2 1 WM DI RANK

1.We limit our exposure to 10 10 15 0

diverse perspectives and
(40 (30 (30 0 2.86 A 2
friendships outside my group. ) ) )

2. Feel the discrimination of the 0 0 32 3

non-members of the
(0) (0) (64 (3) 1.91 D 4
organizations. )

3. Experience frat-to-frat war or 0 0 31 4

discrimination and stigmatization.
(0) (0) (62 (4) 1.89 D 5
)

4.Boost my confidence in other 2 10 15 8

people and to the organization
(8) (30 (30 (8) 2.17 A 3
were I belong. ) )

5. Influence some other people 10 20 2 3

non-members or members to
(40 (60 (4) (3) 3.06 SA 1
engage in this organization. ) )

TOTAL 2.38 A

Academic Distraction 4 3 2 1 WM DI RANK

1.Experience peer influence 15 3 10 7

within fraternities that prioritize
(60 (9) (20 (7) 2.74 A 5
social activities over academic ) )
responsibilities.

2.When I was a new member, I 17 13 5 0

engaged in hazing rituals which
(68 (39 (10 (0) 3.34 SA 2
can consume time and energy
 63

and create stress that distracts ) ) )

me from focusing on my
academics.

3.Engage in fraternity culture 15 12 1 7

including partying and socisl
(60 (36 (2) (7) 3.00 A 3
events leads to distress to my ) )
academic.

4.When interacting with my 16 4 10 5 A 4

organization, I learn critical
(64 (12 (20 (5) 2.89
thinking skills and enrich ) ) )
academic discussions both inside
and outside the classroom.

5.Learn time management for the 20 10 5 0

organization and my academics.
(80 (30 (10 0 3.43 SA 1
) ) )

TOTAL 3.0 S
8 A

Part IV. REASONS AND MOTIVATION IN FRATERNITY AND SORORITY

MEMBERSHIPS.

Intrinsic Motivation 4 3 2 1 WM DI RANK

1.Want to learn things either 13 17 5 0

positive or negative effect.
(52) (51) (10) 0 3.23 SA 4

2.To upgrade my social 18 12 5 0

development to other people.
(72) (36) (10) (0) 3.37 SA 3

3.To seek my personal growth 12 18 5 0

and development.
(48) (54) (10) 0 3.20 SA 5

4.Want to know the fraternity's 20 10 5 0

core values.
(80) (30) (10) 0 3.43 SA 2

5.To engage myself in service 25 10 0 0

 64

activities. (100) (30) 0 0 3.71 SA 1

TOTAL 3.38 S
A

Extrinsic Motivation 4 3 2 1 WM DI RANK

1.Want to have brotherhood or 35 0 0 0

camaraderie can serve as my (140) 4.00 SA 1
desire to build strong bonds with
others.

2.Want to engage in different 28 7 0 0

events of the organization or (112) (21) 3.80 SA 4
even not.

3.Was invited to be part of the 26 9 0 0 3.74 SA 5

organization. (104) (27)

4.Have safety protection if I join 30 5 0 0 3.86 SA 2

the fraternity. (104) (27)

5.Want to continue our family 29 6 0 0 3.83 SA 3

culture/legacy of fraternity. (116) (18)

TOTAL 3.85 S
A

Legends:

WM= Weighted Mean

DE= Descriptive Equivalent

 65

4 3.25-4.00= strongly agree

3 2.25-3.00- agree

2 1.25-2.00= disagree

1 .25-1.00= strongly disagree

CHAPTER V
 66

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

This chapter is represented in four sections. The first section contributes

to an overall summary of the study followed by the summary of the findings and

their conclusions. Subsequent to this are the implications of the study and

followed by recommendations for future research.

SUMMARY

This study aims to determine the benefits and drawbacks of fraternity and

sorority membership among criminology students in Partido College. Specifically,

the demographic profile of the respondents; membership perceived by its

members along from Personal Development, Leadership Ability, Social

Relationship and Academic Performance; the drawbacks of fraternity and

sorority membership perceived by its members along Safety and Health, Social

Exclusivity, Academic Distraction; the reasons and motivation in fraternity and

sorority membership considered by its members along Intrinsic Motivation and

Extrinsic Motivation; The policy innovations may be proposed based from the

findings of the study.

This study will employ the Descriptive Method of research, a method to be

used to determine the benefits and drawbacks of fraternity and sorority along

with the reasons and motivation of membership as discerned by criminology

student who are members of active and registered fraternity and sorority in
 67

Partido College, Goa Camarines Sur. The Descriptive Method will be used in

analyzing and collecting data that described a phenomenon by using a survey

questionnaire. The study will acquire Simple Random Sampling in getting the

respondents of the study. The researchers will use quantitative analysis to know

benefits and drawbacks of fraternity and sorority membership along with the

reasons and motivation of fraternity and sorority membership to the

respondents.

The questionnaire will be written in English language. It will be divided

into four parts; first is intended to the respondent’s profile to supply data in the

demographic profile of the respondents. The second part of the questionnaire

that will deal with the benefits respondents acquired for fraternity and sorority

membership. The third part of the questionnaire that will deal with the

drawbacks respondents acquired for fraternity and sorority membership. The last

part is about the reasons and motivation for fraternity and sorority membership

in Partido College, Goa, Camarines Sur. A four-point scale will be used to

describe the perception of the respondents.

CONCLUSIONS
 68

Research Question 1: 100% of the respondents has the age of 18-30. 68.57 %

of the respondents are male and 31.43% are female. Therefore, the majority of

our respondents are male. 68.57 % of the respondents are Fraternity members

and 31.43% are Sorority members. 22.86 % of the respondents are in the first-

year level, 37.14 % are in the second level, 25. 71 % are in the third year level

and 14. 29% are in the fourth year level. Therefore, the majority of our

respondents are in the second year level. 100% of the respondents are active

members of fraternity and sorority. 17.14 % of the respondents are in 0-12

months as a member, 71.43 % of the respondents are in 1-5 years, 11.43% are

in 6-10 years as a member and there are none for 10 years above as a member

from the respondents in the fraternity and sorority.

Research Question 2: The analysis of the responses to this question indicate that

Recommendations for Further Studies

69