Name : Brandon Bong Nai Sieng

Class : 4S1
Title : Chapter 8 - Manufactured
Subtances in Industry
Teacher : Pn. Chan Yoke Bee
i) Glass
What is glass?
‘Glass is a non-crystalline solid
that is often transparent, brittle
and chemically inert. (not
chemically active)’

Major Components & Main Characteristics of Glass

Types of Glasses
ii) Ceramic
What is ceramic?
‘Ceramics are mixtures of clay, powders, and water
and shaping them into desired forms. Once the
ceramic has been shaped, it is fired in a high
temperature oven known as a kiln.’
Major Components and Main Characteristics of
Ceramic
Uses, Properties and Examples of Ceramics
iii) Composite Materials
What are composite materials?
‘Composite material is a material made from two or
more constituent materials with significantly different
physical or chemical properties. When combined, the
constituent components will produce a material with
distinct and stronger properties than those of the
individual components.’

a) Matrix Substance :
The matrix is a continuous phase of the composite
material. It provides cohesion and holds the
reinforcement materials together.
b) Reinforcement Substance :
Reinforcement materials are dispersed throughout
the matrix and is the main contributor for the
enhanced properties of the composite.
Reinforced Concrete
Reinforced concrete is a
composite material
composed of concrete and
reinforcement steel bars
embedded within the
concrete.

Superconductor
Superconductor is a
mixture of yttrium(III)
carbonate, barium
carbonate (BaCO3) and
copper(II) (CuCO3)
carbonate with are heated
together in the presence of
oxygen.

Fibre Optic
Fiber optics is a technology
that uses thin strands of
glass or plastic fibers to
transmit data in the form of
light signals over long
distances.
Fibreglass
Fiberglass, also spelled
fibreglass, is a composite
material made from fine
fibers of glass embedded in
a resin matrix.

Photochromic Glass
Photochromic glass is a
type of glass that changes
color in response to light
exposure.