Common Channels & Power Control

1 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31633EN40GLA0

Common Channels & Power Control:
Module Objectives
At the end of the module you will be able to:

• Describe the DL common channels power settings

• Name and describe the different power control loops on overview level
• Explain the main power control parameters

2 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31633EN40GLA0

Power Control

• Channel mapping
• Power Setting for DL Common Channel
• Open Loop Power Control
• Fast Closed Loop Power Control
• Outer Loop Power Control

3 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31633EN40GLA0

Channel types and location in UTRAN
UE RNC
Node B

Logical Channels

Transport Channels

Physical Channels Iub Frames

4 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31633EN40GLA0

Channel Mapping DL (Network Point of View)
Logical Transport Physical
Channels Channels Channels

P-CPICH

BCCH BCH P-CCPCH

PCCH PCH S-CCPCH

PICH Fixed
Power
AICH
CCCH
FACH P/S-SCH
E-HICH*
CTCH
E-AGCH/E-RGCH*
DCCH HS- HS-PDSCH**
DSCH HS-SCCH
DTCH DCH DPDCH Power
Control
DPCCH
* Power Control with RAN971 HSUPA DL Physical Channel Power Control
** Dynamic HS-PDSCH power allocation

5 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31633EN40GLA0 High Speed Cell_FACH DL

Channel Mapping UL (Network Point of View)
Logical Transport Physical
Channels Channels Channels

Open
CCCH RACH PRACH Loop
Power
Control

DCCH
E-DPDCH
E-DPCCH
E-DCH Power
HS-DPCCH Control
DTCH DCH DPDCH
DPCCH

High Speed Cell_FACH

6 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31633EN40GLA0

Power Control

• Channel mapping
• Power Setting for DL Common Channel
• Open Loop Power Control
• Fast Closed Loop Power Control
• Outer Loop Power Control

7 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31633EN40GLA0

DL Common Control Channel

• DL Common control channels must be heard over the whole cell, thus their power setting is
designed for “cell edge”.
• Rel. 99 DL Common Channels do not have a power control.
• The power of the common physical channels are set relative to the CPICH

Default parameter value Power value

PtxSecSCH -3 dB 30 dBm
PtxPrimaryCCPCH -5 dB 28 dBm
PtxSCCPCH 1 (SF=64) 0 dB 33 dBm
PtxSCCPCH 2 (SF=256) -5 dB 28 dBm
PtxSCCPCH 3 (SF=128) -2 dB 31 dBm
PtxPICH -8 dB 25 dBm
PtxAICH -8 dB 25 dBm
PtxOffsetEAGCH -5 dB 28 dBm
PtxOffsetERGCH -11 dB 22 dBm

8 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31633EN40GLA0

Pilot Channel Power Setting (1/2) PtxPrimaryCPICH
WCEL; -10..50; 0.1; 33 dBm
• The Common Pilot Channel CPICH is used by the User Equipments for (Range; Step; Default)
• synchronization & channel estimation purposes (20 W sector)
• handover & cell reselection decisions
• The received quality of the CPICH is quantified by its Ec/Io ,
the field strength by the Received Signal Code Power RSCP
• Ec is the energy per chip, Io is the noise spectral density
• RSCP is the CPICH power measured in the channel bandwidth
• Ec/Io provides a relative measure, RSCP provides an absolute measure
• The CPICH Ec/Io & RSCP must be sufficiently high across the entire coverage area of the network
• The CPICH consumes Node B transmit power which reduces DL capacity
• CPICH power must be minimized to increase DL capacity while maintaining pilot coverage
• By default the CPICH consumes 2 W
of the Node B power (20 W PA) Evaluate Ec/Io and
RSCP performance
• i.e. 10% of the PA power
• CPICH power used to derive the power of
the other DL Common Control Channels Identify Cells with Identify Cells with
poor coverage excessive coverage
• The CPICH should be tuned per cell

Adjust CPICH transmit Power

9 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31633EN40GLA0

Pilot Channel Power Setting (2/2)

• In terms of coverage and capacity, the WCEL: PtxPrimaryCPICH has only a very small
optimal window:
• The minimum value maximises capacity (minimises coverage). PtxPrimaryCPICH
• The maximum value maximises coverage (minimises capacity). WCEL; -10..50; 0.1; 33 dBm
(Range; Step; Default)
CPICH power = 36 (20 W sector)
dBm is also possible % of % of
with 40W amplifiers
20W PA 10W PA

+2 dB 35 dBm 16 % 32 %
+1 dB 34 dBm 13 % 26 %
+0 dB 33 dBm 10 % 20 % (Default)
-1 dB 32 dBm 8% 16 %
-2 dB 31 dBm 6% 12 %
-3 dB 30 dBm 5% 10 %

• Transmitted power WCEL: PtxPrimaryCPICH should be 5%-10% of the total Tx Power for a 20W sector;
Value = [-10 … 50] dBm, step 0.1 dBm
• The default value is 33dBm (2W) for 20W cell

10 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31633EN40GLA0

Effects of CPICH Power modification

Less Power
Available for traffic
Reduced system
capacity
capacity
Increased soft
handover overhead

Too much Late cell reselection Non- ideal traffic

power /handout
/handover
too late distribution

CPICH Transmit
Power

CPICH coverage Reduced system

Too little holes coverage
power
Unreliable scrambling Slow initial
code detection synchronization

Unreliable channel Increased Eb/No Reduced system

estimation requirement capacity

Early cell reselection Non- ideal traffic

/handout
/handover
too early distribution

11 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31633EN40GLA0

SCH & P-CCPCH Power Setting
Primary Synchronisation Channel P-SCH PtxPrimarySCH
used for DL slot (10ms/15) synchronisation WCEL; -35..15; 0.1; -3 dB
P-SCH Tx power relative to CPICH. (Range; Step; Default)
• Comments: optimal value allows decoding of the channel at the cell edge
PtxSecSCH
Secondary Synchronisation Channel S-SCH WCEL; -35..15; 0.1; -3 dB
used for DL Frame (10ms) synchronisation (Range; Step; Default)
S-SCH Tx power relative to CPICH.
• Comments: optimal value allows decoding of the channel at the cell edge PtxPrimaryCCPCH
WCEL; -35..15; 0.1; -5 dB
Primary Common Control Physical Channel P-CCPCH (Range; Step; Default)
carries the BCH (Broadcast Channel) transport channel
is a fixed rate (15 ksps, SF = 256) DL physical channel
used to carry the BCH 256 Chips
It is a pure data channel and characterized by a fixed
2560 Chips
channelization code (Cch,256,1)
It is broadcast over the entire cell and it is not transmitted P-SCH
during the first 256 chips of each slot, where P- SCH &
S-SCH are transmitted
S-SCH
P-CCPCH power relative to the CPICH power

P-CCPCH

12 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31633EN40GLA0

Secondary CCPCH (1/6): Number of S-CCPCHs

• The Secondary Common Control Physical Channel S-CCPCH carries FACH & PCH
transport channels
• NbrOfSCCPCHs: “Number of SCCPCHs” tells how many SCCPCHs will be configured for
the cell. (1, 2 or 3)
• If only 1 SCCPCH is used in a cell, it will carry FACH-c (containing DCCH/CCCH /BCCH),
FACH-u (containing DTCH) & PCH. FACH & PCH multiplexed onto the same SCCPCH.
• If 2 SCCPCHs are used in a cell, the 1st SCCPCH will carry FACH-u & FACH-c and the 2nd
SCCPCH will always carry PCH only.
• If 3 SCCPCHs are used in a cell, the 3rd SCCPCH will carry FACH-s (containing CTCH) &
FACH-c idle (containing CCCH & BCCH). The 3rd SCCPCH is only needed when Service Area
Broadcast (SAB) is active in a cell.

NbrOfSCCPCHs
WCEL; 1..3; 1; 1
(Range; Step; Default)

13 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31633EN40GLA0

Secondary CCPCH (2/6): Configuration 1
• If only 1 SCCPCH is used in a cell, it will carry FACH-c (containing DCCH/CCCH /BCCH), FACH-u
(containing DTCH) and PCH. FACH and PCH multiplexed onto the same SCCPCH.
• the PCH bit rate is limited to 8 kbps
• the PCH always has priority
• the SF for SCCPCH, which is carrying FACH (with or without PCH), is 64 (60ksps)

Logical channel DTCH DCCH CCCH BCCH PCCH

Transport channel FACH-u FACH-c PCH

PtxSCCPCH1
Physical channel SCCPCH 1 Transmission Power of SCCPCH1

SF 64 WCEL; -35..15; 0.1; 0 dB

14 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31633EN40GLA0

Secondary CCPCH (3/6): Configuration 2 a & b
• If 2 SCCPCHs are used in a cell, the first SCCPCH will carry FACH-u & FACH-c and the second
SCCPCH will always carry PCH only.
PCH24kbpsEnabled
• PCH bit rate limited to 8 kbps (RU10 & earlier) or can be extended
WCEL; 0 (Disabled), 1 (Enabled);
to 24 kbps (RU20 feature RAN 1202: 24 kbps Paging Channel) default: 0 (Disabled)
• if PCH24kbps enabled, NbrOfSCCPCHs must be set to “2” or “3”
• if SAB Support with 2 SCCPCH enabled, SAB can be used with NbrOfSCCPCHs = “2”
For SAB
Logical DTCH DCCH CCCH BCCH CTCH PCCH
channel

PtxSCCPCH2
used for 8 kbps paging
Transport WCEL; -35..15; 0.1; -5 dB
FACH-u FACH-c/s PCH
channel
PtxSCCPCH2SF128
used for 24 kbps paging
WCEL; -35..15; 0.1; -2 dB
Physical
channel SCCPCH 1 SCCPCH 2
SF 64 SF 256
15 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31633EN40GLA0
or SF 128
Secondary CCPCH (4/6): Configuration 3a & b
• If 3 SCCPCHs are used in a cell, the 3rd SCCPCH will carry FACH-s (containing CTCH) & FACH-c
idle (containing CCCH & BCCH). The 3rd SCCPCH is only needed when Service Area Broadcast
(SAB) is active in a cell.
For SAB

Logical channel DTCH DCCH CCCH BCCH CTCH PCCH

Transport FACH-u FACH-c FACH-c FACH-s PCH

channel

Physical SCCPCH SCCPCH SCCPCH

channel connected idle page
SF 64 SF 128 SF 256
or SF 128
PtxSCCPCH3
WCEL; -35..15; 0.1; -2 dB

16 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31633EN40GLA0

Secondary CCPCH (5/6): Summary Power Setting
• The power of SCCPCHs are set relative to CPICH transmission power, but it is based on the bitrate.
• The SF for SCCPCH, which is carrying FACH (with or without PCH), is 64 (60ksps)
• The SF for SCCPCH, which is carrying PCH only is 256 (15ksps) or 128 (30ksps)
• The SF for SCCPCH, which is carrying FACH-s/FACH-c idle for SAB, is 128 (30ksps)

• Recommended value of the SCCPCH Tx power is depended on the number of SCCPCHs:

• WCEL: PtxSCCPCH1 (SF=64) for PCH/FACH or standalone FACH
• WCEL: PtxSCCPCH2 (SF=256) for Standalone PCH (8 kbps paging)
• WCEL: PtxSCCPCH2SF128 (SF=128) for Standalone PCH (24 kbps paging)
• WCEL: PtxSCCPCH3 (SF=128) for SAB

PtxSCCPCH1 PtxSCCPCH2 PtxSCCPCH3

WCEL; -35..15; 0.1; 0 dB used for 8 kbps paging WCEL; -35..15; 0.1; -2 dB
(Range; Step; Default) WCEL; -35..15; 0.1; -5 dB

PtxSCCPCH2SF128
used for 24 kbps paging
WCEL; -35..15; 0.1; -2 dB

SF: Spreading Factor

17 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31633EN40GLA0
Secondary CCPCH (6/6): Power offset for TFCI
• At setup or reconfiguration, the BS is given the SCCPCH power offset information
(PO1 for TFCI bits). The TFCI bits are transmitted irrespective of whether or not
there is data transmitted.

PO1
TFCI DL PO1 is power offset
Data transmission of TFCI relative for the
Power power of data field.
T slot = 2560
chips
WCEL: PowerOffsetSCCPCHTFCI (child parameters: PO1_15, PO1_30, PO1_60)
this parameter defines the power offset of the TFCI bits relative to the power of the data field;
the power offset shall vary in time according to the bit rate of the SCCPCH
Range: [0…6] dB step 0.25 dB
Default: PO1_15 2 dB for the 15ksps (SF=256)
PO1_30 3 dB for the 30ksps (SF=128)
PO1_60 4 dB for the 60ksps (SF=64)

The higher the SCCPCH data rates, the more important it is to correctly read TFCI

18 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31633EN40GLA0

PICH power setting
• The PICH is transmitted constantly and it carries the Paging Indicators (PI) which the UE reads to find
out whether there is paging in the paging group which it belongs to.
• The number of paging indicators (paging groups) in PICH is a parameter. Smaller number means that
there is more repetition in the paging symbols => less DL transmit power is needed BUT UE has to
decode the paging message more often (higher battery consumption)
• Parameters to be optimized:
• WCEL: PtxPICH: Power of the PICH relative to the CPICH power
• [-10 … 5] dB, step 1 dB, default depends on PI_Amount: PtxPICH
-10 dB for 18 and 36 PI/frame WCEL; -10..5; 1; -8 dB
(Range; Step; Default)
-8 dB for 72 PI/frame
-5 dB for 144 PI/frame
• Related parameters:
• WCEL: Pi_amount: Number of paging indicators in a frame, 18, 36, 72 or 144
(the repetition of PICH bits is 16, 8, 4 and 2 correspondingly)
• WCEL: UTRAN_DRX_length: [80; 160; 640; 1280; 2560; 5120] ms.
The DRX cycle length used by UTRAN to count paging occasions for 288
discontinuous reception. bit/frame
• IuCS & IuPS: CNDRXLength; CN domain specific DRX cycle length
[640; 1280; 2560; 5120] ms. The DRX cycle length used by UTRAN
to count paging occasions for discontinuous reception.
19 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31633EN40GLA0
PICH power optimisation

The larger the value of Pi_amount, the

• more paging groups are created per frame (the fewer the number of mobiles per group)
• less PIs are repeated per paging group and frame
• less often the UE is paged and it has to listen the SCCPCH (PCH) (leading to lower mobile
power consumption but longer call setup time)
• less bits used for one paging indicator the more power for the PtxPICH

More Pi_amount = 18 => 16 bits in PICH are used to indicate one PI is "active" , 18*16 = 288
power Pi_amount = 36 => 8 bits in PICH are used to indicate one PI is "active" , 36*8 = 288
for Pi_amount = 72 => 4 bits in PICH are used to indicate one PI is "active" , 72*4 = 288 More
PICH Pi_amount = 144 => 2 bits in PICH are used to indicate one PI is "active" , 144*2 = 288 Users
Per PI

20 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31633EN40GLA0

AICH power setting

• AICH is carrying the Acquisition Indicators (AI) to reply to RACH pre-ambles. All
together 16 AI can be multiplexed on one access slot in AICH.

• The parameter to be optimized:

PtxAICH
WCEL: PtxAICH, the AICH Tx power is relative to CPICH. WCEL; -22..5; 1; -8 dB
Range: [-22 … 5] dB, step 1dB, default -8 dB (Range; Step; Default)

• Related parameters: PRACH parameters including PRACH_preamble_retrans, if

AI power is too low for UE to decode, it keeps sending preambles until the
PRACH_preamble_retrans is exceeded (see Open Loop Power Control).

21 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31633EN40GLA0

Total DL Common Channel Power without HSPA

Service Default Minimum Minimum Maximum Maximum

Type Power Activity Average Activity Average
Power Power
CPICH 33 dBm 100 % 33 dBm 100 % 33 dBm
P-SCH 30 dBm 10 % 20 dBm 10 % 20 dBm
S-SCH 30 dBm 10 % 20 dBm 10 % 20 dBm
P-CCPCH 28 dBm 90 % 27.5 dBm 90 % 27.5 dBm
S-CCPCH 33 dBm 25 % 27 dBm 115 %* 33.6 dBm
PICH 25 dBm 96 % 24.8 dBm 96 % 24.8 dBm
AICH 25 dBm 0% - 80 % 24 dBm
Total - - 35.5 dBm - 37.5 dBm
3.5 W 5.6 W

* S-CCPCH control (TFCI) bits transmitted with higher power than data bits

22 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31633EN40GLA0

Power Control

• Channel Mapping
• Power Setting for DL Common Channel
• Open Loop Power Control
• Fast Closed Loop Power Control
• Outer Loop Power Control

23 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31633EN40GLA0

Power Control types

Open Loop Power Control

(Initial Access)

MS

(Fast) Closed Loop Power Control

BS UL Outer Loop RNC

Power Control
DL Outer Loop
Power Control
BLER target

24 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31633EN40GLA0

Power control during the call setup

DL:
DL: Ack on
FACH
AICH
Ptx UL: Power
ramp-up Initial power
of DPCH
UL: First RACH
Preamble
power Pp m
P0 UL: RACH
data

Time
PRACH Open
Loop PC DPCH Open CL & OL PC
Loop PC
CL: Closed Loop
OL: Outer Loop

25 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31633EN40GLA0

CPICH Power setting / Effect of MHA & CableLoss parameters
Relevant DL pathloss

Relevant UL pathloss

MHA • UL & DL path losses differ by feeder loss

• UE needs UL path loss for proper setting of initial PRACH
Feeder power, but measures DL path loss as:
loss Broadcasted CPICH TX power – CPICH RX power
• CableLoss parameter reduces the broadcasted value of
WBTS CPICH TX power, thus UE path loss estimation is correct for
UL MHA
Mast Head Amplifier used; WCEL;
CableLoss
Offset not used (0), Offset used (1)
WCEL: 0..100; 0.1; 3 dB (Range & Default)

• It is possible to change the SIB5 IE P-CPICH Tx power through

parameters MHA & CableLoss as below:

If MHA = “Offset not used” ⇒ Primary CPICH TX power = PtxPrimaryCPICH

If MHA = “Offset used” ⇒ Primary CPICH TX power = MAX(PtxPrimaryCPICH – CableLoss, CPICHMin)

CPICHMin: min. value allowed for IE Primary CPICH TX

26 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31633EN40GLA0

PRACH Open Loop PC
• Purpose: To set the initial transmitted power of PRACH UL. PRACHRequiredReceivedCI
• UE determines the UL preamble power of PRACH WCEL: -35..-10; 1; -25 dB
(Range, Steps; Default)
• UE PRACH First Preamble Power =

Path loss Transmission power of CPICH (Broadcast on BCH, SIB 5)) -

calculations DL RSCP measurement from active cell on CPICH (Measured by UE) +
Minimum
received Total received wideband interference power at WCDMA BTS (Broadcast on BCH, SIB 7) +
power at PRACH Required Received C/I at the WCDMA BTS (Broadcast on BCH, SIB 5)
BTS

• Open loop PC is a part of the random access procedure for PRACH channel
• For the accuracy of the UE Open Loop measurement, it is safest to start from a low power and increase it gradually
until the acquisition is received.

PRACHRequiredReceivedCI:
• WCEL: range: -35..-10 dB; steps: 1.0 dB; default: -25 dB
• This UL required received C/I value is used by the UE to calculate the initial output power on PRACH according
to the Open Loop Power Control procedure.
• If the value is too low then the RACH preamble ramping up takes a too long time. If it is too high, then it may
cause blocking or high noise rise at BTS since the UE measurement on RSCP code power has a poor accuracy.
• This parameter can impact on the RACH coverage.

27 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31633EN40GLA0

Random Access Procedure

1 access slot
AICH Acq.
D access Ind.

L slots RX at
UE
tp-a
Pp-m

P0
PRACH Pre- Message
U access Pre-
amble
amble part
L slots TX at
UE
tp-p tp-m
TS 25.211:
Preamble-to-Preamble distance tp-p  tp-p,min = 6 / 8 Slots Broadcasted by P-CCPCH;
Preamble-to-AI distance tp-a = 3 / 4 Slots NSN (WCEL):
Preamble-to-Message distance tp-m = 6 / 8 Slots AICHTraTime = 0, 1; 0

28 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31633EN40GLA0

 Random Access Procedure

PowerOffset
Downlink / BS LastPreamble
PRACHmessage
WCEL:
UEtxPowerMaxPRACH -5..10; 1; -3 dB
WCEL: -50..33; 1; 21 dBm

…. ….
Uplink / UE
Preamble 1 Preamble n
Message part
PowerRampStep
PRACHpreamble PRACH_preamble_retrans
PRACH_preamble_retrans:
WCEL: 1..8; 1; 3 dB The maximum number of preambles WCEL: 1..64; 1; 8
allowed in 1 preamble ramping cycle

RACH_tx_Max: # of preamble power RACH_tx_Max

ramping cycles that can be done
before RACH transmission failure is WCEL: 1..32; 1; 4
reported, (Range, Steps; Default)

29 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31633EN40GLA0

Random Access Procedure

• The power ramp-up process will continue until

1) A positive AI is received from the network  Send RACH message
2) A negative AI is received from the network  Exit RACH procedure
3) PRACH_preamble_retrans value is exhausted ((WCEL)(1…64)( = 1)(8))
4) TX power exceed UEtxPowerMaxPRACH value by > 6dB  Exit RACH procedure
(WCEL)(-50dBm…33dBm)( = 1dBm)(21dBm)

• When the PRACH_preamble_retrans value is exhausted, PRACH preamble power will be re-set to
the initial value of the cycle and a new power ramp-up cycle initiated. The preamble power ramp-up
cycle will be repeated RACH_tx_Max times. At this stage the UE will send a RACH failure message
to the UE MAC layer.
• The maximum allowed UE transmit power for the PRACH procedure is defined by
UEtxPowerMaxPRACH. Layer 1 of the UE controls the UE transmit power during the PRACH
procedure using the ‘commanded transmit power’. If the commanded transmit power exceeds the
maximum allowed transmit power then the UE transmits the maximum allowed transmit power.
• If the commanded transmit power exceeds the maximum allowed transmit power by 6 dB then layer 1
of the UE is able to inform higher layers and exit the PRACH procedure. If the step size is 1 dB then
this corresponds to transmitting 6 preambles at maximum power.
• As RU10 supports SIB4, UEtxPowerMaxPRACHConn applies in Connected Mode

30 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31633EN40GLA0

PRACH Open Loop PC Parameters

Algorithm Parameters Group Default

PRACHRequiredReceivedCI WCEL -25 dB
PowerOffsetLastPreamblePRACHmessage WCEL 2 dB
PowerRampStepPRACHpreamble WCEL 2 dB
Open Loop Power Control
PRACH_preamble_retrans WCEL 8
RACH_tx_Max WCEL 8
UEtxPowerMaxPRACHConn WCEL 21 dBm

31 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31633EN40GLA0

Power Control

• Channel Mapping
• Power Setting for DL Common Channel
• Open Loop Power Control
• Fast Closed Loop Power Control
• Outer Loop Power Control

32 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31633EN40GLA0

Uplink power control target
• Minimise required UL received power 
minimised UL transmit power and interference

Ptx1
Ptx1

UE1 UE2 - solve Near-Far Problem !

- reduce Interference
- stabilize transmission/ reduce required Eb/No
 optimize Capacity

33 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31633EN40GLA0

Fast closed loop power control

20
• The closed loop power control
scheme is fast enough to follow Channel
15 Transmitted power
multipath fading for a wide range of
Received power
mobile speeds 10
• Received Eb/No can be kept stable

Relative power (dB)

but on the other hand transmitted 5
power is peaky
• => Received Eb/No can be kept 0
low in spite of multipath fading,
but fading margin must be added -5
to transmitted powers
-10

-15

-20
0 200 400 600 800
Time (ms)

34 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31633EN40GLA0

UL Closed loop power control
MS BS
UL DPCCH
• UL fast closed loop PC shall be active as soon as
the frame synchronization has been established in
the dedicated physical channels. Measure received SIR on UL DPCCH Pilot

• PC frequency 1500 Hz
• PC step 1dB
Compare measured SIR with
• PC delay approx. one slot SIR target value received from
UL outer loop PC
• In Soft(er) HO power is increased only, if all
(reliable) TPC bits are 1
Measured SIR < SIR target --> TPC bit = '1'
Measured SIR => SIR target --> TPC bit = '0'

Send TPC bit on DL DPCCH

MS sets the power on UL DPCCH

and UL DPDCH on following way:
TPC = '1' --> increase power by 1 dB
TPC = '0' --> decrease power by 1 dB

Changed power on UL DPCCH

35 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31633EN40GLA0

UL PC Algorithm

• UE adjusts the DPCCH power by DPCCH = TPC  TPC_cmd.

• Power control step size TPC is fixed to 1 dB in NSN RAN

• When a UE is not in soft(er) handover, only 1 TPC command will be received in each slot.

In this case, the value of TPC_cmd shall be derived as follows:

- If the received TPC command is equal to 0, then TPC_cmd for that slot is –1.
- If the received TPC command is equal to 1, then TPC_cmd for that slot is 1.
 Every TS 1 dB up or down

• If the UE is in Soft(er) handover:

• UE measures SIR for all the cells in the active set
• if SIR is sufficiently large, the TPC is considered reliable
• if only one of the reliable TPC bits is 0, the UE transmission power is decreased
• only if all reliable TPC are 1 the power in increased

36 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31633EN40GLA0

 DL Fast Closed Loop PC: UTRAN behaviour
UE WCDMA BTS • Upon receiving the TPC commands BS adjusts
DL DPCCH + DPDCHs its DL DPCCH/DPDCH power accordingly.
• UTRAN shall estimate the transmitted TPC
Measure received SIR on DL DPCCH command TPCest to be 0 or 1, and shall update the
power every slot.
Compare measured SIR with SIR target
value received from DL outer loop PC • After estimating the k:th TPC command, UTRAN
shall adjust the current DL power P(k-1) [dB] to a
Measured SIR < SIR target --> TPC command is "1" new power P(k) [dB] according to the following
Measured SIR => SIR target --> TPC command is "0"
formula:
Send TPC command on UL DPCCH
P(k) = P(k - 1) + PTPC(k) + Pbal(k)
BS sets the power on DL DPCCH and where
DL DPDCH following way:
TPC command = "1" --> increase power by 1 dB PTPC(k) is the k:th power adjustment due to the
TPC command = "0" --> decrease power by 1 dB
inner loop power control
Pbal(k) is the k:th power correction due to Power
Changed power on DL DPCCH + DPDCHs
balancing procedure
DownlinkInnerLoop
PCStepSize
DownlinkInnerLoopPCStepSize RNAC: 0.5..2; 0.5; 1 dB
(Range, Steps; Default)
37 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31633EN40GLA0
Gain of Fast Power Control PC
• Speech performance FER= 1% (8kbps 10ms interleaving) with 2 branch receiver antenna
diversity in UL
• Slow PC = no PC in simulations = correct average power

Slow power control Fast 1.5kHz power Gain from fast

control power control
Transmitted
ITU Pedestrian A 3 km/h 11.3dBm 7.7dBm 3.6dB
power
ITU Vehicular A 3 km/h 8.5dBm 7.5dBm 1.0dB
ITU Vehicular A 50 km/h 6.8dBm 7.6dBm -0.8dB

• The gain from the fast PC is larger for low mobile speeds than for high mobile speeds in
received powers than in transmitted powers if only little multipath diversity is available
• the less diversity there are, the higher is the average Tx power.
• Fast PC allows to reduce Eb/No values by reducing fading effects
• The drawback of the fast PC algorithm is a rise of average TX power

38 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31633EN40GLA0

Power Control

• Channel Mapping
• Power Setting for DL Common Channel
• Open Loop Power Control
• Fast Closed Loop Power Control
• Outer Loop Power Control

39 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31633EN40GLA0

Outer Loop Power Control

BS RNC

DL Outer Loop
Power Control
UL Outer Loop Power Control

• Outer PC loop is performed to adjust the TARGET SIR in BS/UE, according to the
needs of individual radio link. Required SIR depends on
• UE speed
• Changes in the propagation conditions
• Available multipath diversity
• UE power control dynamics (close to peak power)
• SHO branches (Macro Diversity Combining)
• SIR is constantly adjusted in order to maintain a constant QUALITY, usually defined
as a certain BLER target of the transport channel
• BLER is measured for each transport channel separately
• RAN2886 Faster OLPC enables modification of some related parameters
40 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31633EN40GLA0
PC parameters at RAB setup

At the RAB setup the UL outer loop PC Controller gets the following bearer and radio link
specific parameters from the Admission Control :
Radio link specific parameters
 Initial SIR Target
 Minimum value of the SIR Target
 Maximum value of the SIR Target
Bearer specific parameters for each DCH
 Initial planned Eb/No target
 Target BLER (Block Error Ratio)
 Interleaving time

41 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31633EN40GLA0

UL Quality deterioration
• If the UL SIR target has reached the maximum and the UL SIR Target modification
commands, received by the outer loop PC controller from the current active PC
Entity during ULQualDetRepThreshold seconds are all greater than zero, then the
UL outer loop PC controller shall send the quality deterioration report to HC.
EnableULQualDetRep
Quality deterioration report to HC Quality deterioration report from
UL OLPC controller
Target SIR RNMOBI: 0 (No) / 1 (Yes)
Quality deterioration report
(if the condition is still satisfied (Steps; Default)
the message is periodically repeated)
Max SIR target

Actual SIR target

Min SIR target

time
ULQualDetRepThreshold
ULQualDetRepThreshold
UL quality deterioration reporting threshold
RNMOBI : 0.5..5 s; 0.5s; 0.5s
(Range; Steps; Default)

42 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31633EN40GLA0

DL Outer Loop PC

• This function is implemented in the UE in order to set the SIR target on each CCTrCH
used for the DL closed loop PC.
• This SIR value is adjusted according to an autonomous function of the UE in order to
achieve the same measured quality as the quality target set by the RNC.
• In order to control the DL outer loop PC quality target in UE, Admission Control (AC)
determines the value of the DL BLER target for each DCH mapped on a DPCH.
• After AC functionality has determined the DL BLER target for each transport
channel, the RNC sends these values to the UE.
• DL outer loop PC during the compressed mode (CM)
• Different SIR targets are used during & after compressed frames
• CM parameters provided by admission control are communicated to UE by RNC

43 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31633EN40GLA0