Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Unit 10 - Tests
Unit 10 - Tests
r << p
a
geometric series :
Diverges... Open
Irk ,
diverges if
-
:
converges if : 0<
Irk-converges to r
telescoping series test (not in the AP)
telescoping series have the form :
In is finite as n + .
co
diversa
O
inconclusive , we
ifim if
liman the test is
, * =o
,
will need to
try another test
.
integral test
-
if f(x)
, is : positive ② , continuous , and 3 decreasing for xm(me ) ,
, where f(x) = an ;
D-series test
a
converges if P
-
if on then An
converges also
-
, .
converges
-
if san diverges ,
then n also
diverges
limit comparison test
* used if direct comparison doesn't work
if An > O ,
bnTO , take An and another SIMILAR series that we know
meaning : on,
=A...
where An > O for all integers 1.
let Anso ,
Han
and converge , if the following two conditions are met:
1 .
lim An- ,
* another
way to State criteria
. If
2 Any & An for all .
n #2 is that An
the values are
↓ non increasing
-
.
1 .
.
2
Al for all ,
3 .
use the derivative of the related function , f(x) (an =
f(n) for all n),
defined for X70 , and show that fix) -O for all .
x0
ratio test
* Often used when
you have a factorial , or an exponential ,
etc.
for An
, < 1 ,
Zan is absolutely convergent
-
=
fails.
Anest
71 , or =
0
,
then an
diverges
absolute/conditional Convergence
* Ian is
absolutely convergent if Elanl
converges .
* Ean is
conditionally convergent if Elanl diverges .