74

Additional Topics on Equations of Order One

(Ch. 4

Exercises
In exercises 1 through 21, solve the equation.
1. (3x - 2y + 1) dx + (3x - 2y + 3) dy = 0.
5(x + y + c) = 2 ln l15x - lOy + 111.
2.
ANS. x 3 sin 2 y = c(3x + sin y) 2 .
3. dy/dx = (9x + 4y + 1) 2 .
ANS.
3 tan (6x + c) = 2(9x + 4y + 1).
4. y' = y - xy 3 e- 2 x.
ANS. e2 x = y 2 (x 2 + c).
5. dy/dx = sin (x + y).
ANS. x + c = tan (x + y) - sec (x + y).
2
6. xydx + (x - 3y)dy = 0.
ANS. x 2 y 2 = 2y 3 + c.
7. (3 tanx - 2cosy)sec 2 xdx + tanxsinydy = 0.
ANS. cosy tan 2 x = tan 3 x + c.
8. (x + 2y - 1) dx + (2x + 4y - 3) dy = 0. Solve by two methods.
ANS. (x + 2y - 1)2 = 2y + C.
2
3
9. Solve the equation 6y dx - x(2x + y) dy = 0 of Example (b) above by treating
it as a Bernoulli equation in the dependent variable x.
10. 2x 3 y' = y(y2 + 3x 2 ). Solve by two methods.
ANS. y 2 (c - x) = x 3 .
11. (3 sin y - 5x) dx + 2x 2 cot y dy = 0.
ANS. x 3 (sin y - x) 2 = c sin 2 y.
12. y' = 1 + 6xexp(x - y).
ANS. exp (y - x) = 3x 2 + c.
13. dv/du = (u - v) 2 - 2(u - v) - 2.
ANS. (u - v - 3) exp (4u) = c(u - v + 1).
14. 2ydx + x(x 2 lny - l)dy = 0.
ANS. y(l + x 2 - x 2 ln y) = cx 2 .
2
2
15. cosy sin 2x dx + (cos y - cos x) dy = 0.
ANS. cos 2 x(l + sin y) = cos y(y + c - cosy).
16. (ke 2 " - u) du = 2 e2 "(e 2 " + ku) dv.
ANS. 2k arc tan (u e- 2 ") =In lc(u 2 + e4 ")1.
2
2
17. y' tan x sin 2y = sin x + cos y.
ANS. (sin 2 x + 3 cos 2 y) sin x = c.
18. (x + 2y - 1) dx - (x + 2y - 5) dy = 0.
19. y(xtanx + lny)dx + tanxdy = 0.
ANS. sinxlny = xcosx - sinx + c.
20. xy' - y = xky•, where n =f. 1 and k + n =f. 1.
ANS. (k + n - l)y 1 -n = (1 - n)xk + cx 1 -·.
21. Solve the equation of exercise 20 for the values of k and n not included there.
ANS.
2
sin y(x + sin y) dx + 2x cosy dy = 0.
ANS.

If n = 1 and k =f. 0, xk = k In \cy/x\.

If n = 1 and k = 0, y = cx 2 •

If n =I- 1 but k + n = 1, y 1 -n = (1 - n)x 1 -n In lcxl.

In exercises 22 through 27, find the particular solution required.

22. 4(3x + y - 2) dx - (3x + y) dy = 0; when x = 1, y = 0.

ANS.

7(4x - y - 4) = 8 In 21 x +l;y - 8.

23. y' = 2(3x + y) 2 - 1; when x = 0, y = 1.

ANS. 4 arc tan (3x + y) = 8x + n.
2
3
24. 2xyy' = y - 2x . Find the solution that passes through the point (1, 2).
ANS. y 2 = x(5 - x 2 ).
25. (y 4 - 2xy) dx + 3x 2 dy = 0; when x = 2, y = 1.
ANS. x 2 = y 3(x + 2).

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