WORLDWIDE Material Specification

ENGINEERING GMW14231
Textiles
STANDARDS

Automotive Fabrics

GMW3208 GMW6754
1 Scope GMW3211 GMW6992
1.1 Material Description. Fabrics covered by this GMW3217 GMW8081
specification are made from fibrous textile GMW3220 GMW14102
materials that are knit, woven, non-woven, or non- GMW3221 GMW14124
conventional in structure. This specification also
GMW3232 GMW14128
covers laminated fabric constructions.
GMW3235 GMW14141
1.1.1 For requirements for vehicles without solar
GMW3259 GMW14146
absorbing glass, contact the appropriate Materials
Engineer. All interior materials are developed to be GMW3283 GMW14162
used in vehicles with solar glass, therefore GMW3326 GMW14297
performance may be compromised if used in non- GMW3347 GMW14364
solar glass vehicles GMW3387 GMW14444
1.2 Symbols. This code defines the material GMW3390 GMW14775
construction and will be assigned by the GMW3402 GMW15058
responsible department.
GMW3405 GMW15651
1.3 Typical Applications. This specification
describes aesthetic fabrics used for interior trim GMW3414
applications such as seat covers, door trim panels, 2.3 Additional References.
overhead trim (headliner, visor, sunshade), pillar Best Practice #112003
coverings, windlace fabrics, rear window trim
(excluding carpet) and other applications.
3 Requirements
1.3.1 Unless otherwise specified, the requirements
for windlace fabrics are the same as those for 3.1 General Requirements.
headliner fabrics, 3.1.1 Standard Conditions (GMW3221-A). All test
specimens shall be conditioned to GMW3221
2 References Code A for a minimum of 24 h, unless the test
method indicates that standard conditioning is not
Note: Only the latest approved standards are required or that other conditions apply.
applicable unless otherwise specified.
3.1.2 Sampling and Test Specimen Preparation.
2.1 External Standards/Specifications. All test specimens shall be taken from the area
AATCC 118 ISO 105-X12 beyond the initial 2 m of production and at least
ASTM 3882 ISO 5084 50 mm from either selvage edge. Prepare test
ISO 105-A01 ISO 9237 specimen as required in the respective test
method.
ISO 105-A02 ISO 12947
ISO 105-A03 ISO 13937-2 3.1.3 Visual Evaluation of Automotive Trim.
(GMW6992). The color, pattern, aesthetics and
ISO 105-B06 cond.5 ISO/IEC 17025 other related qualities shall be evaluated and
2.2 GM Standards/Specifications. approved by the responsible engineering
GMW3001 GMW3417 department as an acceptable match to the
engineering approval sample when viewed under
GMW3010 GMW4090
conditions set forth in GMW6992.
GMW3059 GMW4141
3.1.4 Deviation from Defined Test Methods.
GMW3116 GMW4217
Deviations from the conditions of any test method
GMW3182 GMW4726 shall be agreed upon between supplier and vehicle
GMW3205 GMW4750 manufacturer. All deviations shall be specified on
© Copyright 2008 General Motors Corporation All Rights Reserved

March 2008 Originating Department: North American Engineering Standards Page 1 of 19

GMW14231
the component drawings, material construction
specification form, and Statement of Requirements
and shall be indicated as such on test certificates
and reports.
3.1.5 Documentation. Samples of components or
material released to this specification shall be
tested for conformity with the requirements of this
specification and approved by the responsible GM
Department prior to the start of delivery of
production level components or materials.
3.1.5.1 Any change to the component or material,
e.g., design, function, properties, manufacturing
process and/or location of manufacture requires a
new release of the product. It is the sole
responsibility of the supplier to provide the
customer, unsolicited, with documentation of any
change or modification to the product/process, and
to apply for a new release.
3.1.5.2 If not otherwise agreed to, the entire
verification test shall be repeated and documented
by the supplier prior to start of delivery of the
modified or changed product. In some cases a
shorter test can be agreed to, between the
responsible GM Department and the supplier.
3.1.6 Lab Accreditation. Lab testing shall be
performed by a laboratory that conforms, meets
requirements, may not be formally recognized by a
third party, to ISO/IEC 17025 and is acceptable to
the responsible GM Department. Test reports must
conform to Sections 5.10.2 and 5.10.3 of
ISO/IEC 17025. Supplier shall submit a letter of
compliance.
3.1.7 Material Construction Specification. All
required information shall be reported on the
Construction Specification Form (See Appendix A).
A specification form shall be submitted along with
each fabric and fabric composite for engineering
construction approval. Established values for a
construction will be reported on and controlled
within the limits established on the Construction
Specification Form. These forms are available at
gmsupplypower.com.
(https://www.gmsupplypower.com/apps/supplypow
er/NASApp/spcds/CDSRetrieval?id=111180&toggl
efolder=885&doc_lang=en&lob=engineering).
3.1.8 Lab Data Forms. All required information
shall be reported on the appropriate test data
reporting forms. Submit all required test
specimens. (See Appendix B). These forms are
available at gmsupplypower.com).
3.1.8.1 Data Reporting. If all individual readings of
a specific test meet or exceed the specified
requirements, report the average. Unless
otherwise stated, any individual reading outside the
specified limit does not meet the requirement.
© Copyright 2008 General Motors Corporation All Rights Reserved
Page 2 of 19
GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS
Report all individual test results that do not meet
the requirements.
3.1.8.2 Test Specimens. All tested specimens
submitted to GM by suppliers shall be stapled to
size A4 white cardstock. On each card, list the test
report number, material specification and section
number, test date, observations, and disposition.
3.1.9 Foam Requirements. The foam used in any
laminate construction must meet the requirements
of GMW15058. The supplier shall provide
documentation of foam approval.
3.2 Construction Requirements. These
requirements describe the initial testing to be
completed when a new fabric construction is being
considered. This testing may be done on face
fabric or as a composite such as a foam laminate.
For initial approval of foam laminated seating and
door fabrics, the thinnest foam used in production,
usually 3 mm, shall be tested. Initial construction
submissions shall be in a light value color with an
L* value of 55.0 or higher. A construction and color
approval is valid when the testing in 3.2 and 3.3
are complete.
Note: Part processability may require different
construction properties than those listed in this
section. At the approval of the appropriate GM
engineer, deviations may be given in order to meet
the part processability requirements.
3.2.1 Weight (GMW3182). Report the average in
g/m2 for the face fabric weight and the total fabric
weight if laminated. Acceptable production
tolerances shall be ± 6%, unless otherwise stated
on the construction specification.
Note: For initial approval, the minimum
requirement for the face weight without
backcoating for seat bolster and insert fabrics is
300 g/m2 unless otherwise agreed upon by the
appropriate GM Engineer.
3.2.2 Thickness (ISO 5084). Report the average
for three specimens, in mm to the nearest
0.01 mm. Use a 2.0 N load and a 50.5 mm
diameter presser foot to achieve a pressure of
1.0 kPa. For foam laminates, use a 4.0 N load and
a 200 ±0.8 mm diameter presser foot to achieve a
pressure of 0.127 kPa. All readings should be
taken after the presser foot has been in contact
with the material for at least 5 s. Acceptable
production tolerance will be ± 10% for face fabric
materials and ± 15% for laminate composites,
unless otherwise specified on the construction
specification.
Note: For foam laminate constructions the
specified foam thickness is detailed in the Fabric
SOR. Foam thickness is measured after
lamination.
March 2008
GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW14231

3.2.3 Color Read Through of Automotive Textiles cross machine direction (CMD) face up only. The
(GMW4750). Evaluate and rate changes to the ISO bending length shall be between 30 and 100 mm.
Grey Scale for Color Change, ISO 105-A02. The 3.2.11 Tensile Strength and Elongation
minimum acceptable value for the face fabric is (GMW3010 Codes A & S). In addition to the MD
4.5. No noticeable read through allowed when and CMD, test three specimens each from the bias
evaluated. left and bias right. Established values for a
3.2.4 Fiber Show Through, Perforated Fabrics construction will be reported on and controlled
Only. No fiber show through is allowed on within the limits established on the Construction
perforated fabrics. All dark color perforated fabrics Specification Form. Report the average tensile
should have a dark colored backing and all light strength. Also report elongation at 25 N, 100 N,
color perforated fabrics should have a light colored and at break. Report bias for information only.
backing unless otherwise agreed upon with the Refer to Table 1 for requirements and
appropriate GM Engineer. tensile/elongation test parameters.
3.2.5 Yarn Count (GMW4090). Report the
average count to the nearest yarn, for each Table 1: Tensile and Elongation Requirements.
direction.
Tensile Elongation
3.2.6 Bow and Skew (ASTM 3882). The degree of
Minimum Strength (@ 50 N)
pattern misalignment must not be visually
unacceptable in appearance, and when measured Requirements MD/
over 400 mm across any point of useable fabric MD CMD Code
CMD
width, shall not exceed the limits below:
Knit headliner,
3.2.6.1 Grade 1: High contrast/Large, repeatable visor,
pattern/Highly geometric: 2.5% maximum sunshade,
3.2.6.2 Grade 2: Medium contrast/Smaller 133 N 16% 30% A
rear window
pattern/Subtle geometry: 3.5% maximum trim, and pillar
3.2.6.3 Grade 3: Non-patterned: 5.0% maximum fabric
3.2.6.4 The grade of the fabric shall be assigned Knit (all 250 N 5% 5% S
by the GM approving engineer prior to granting others)
construction approval.
Nonwoven
3.2.7 Yarn Slippage (GMW14146). For seating
headliner,
fabrics only. The minimum requirement for woven
visor,
fabrics in both the warp and fill directions is ≥ 50 N.
sunshade, 133 N 10% 25% A
For knitted fabrics, the minimum requirements for
rear window
the wales and course directions are ≥ 30 N.
trim and pillar
3.2.8 Ravel Resistance (GMW3217). For woven fabric
fabrics only. A minimum of two test specimens
shall be taken from both the warp and fill Nonwoven (all 300 N 8% 12% S
directions. A rating of ≥ 8 is required after others)
1000 cycles. Woven 400N 2% or 2% or S
3.2.9 Seam Fatigue (GMW3405). For seating seating/doors 4% at 4% at
fabrics only. The joining seam of a fabric shall have 100 N 100 N
no slippage (increased distance between rows of
yarns), noticeable fiber or yarn breakage, fractures All others 400 N 5% 5% S
of the sew line, needle hole elongation > 2 mm nor
an objectionable seam appearance after
3.2.12 Stretch and Set. (GMW3211). For seating
2500 cycles. Seam appearance shall be judged on
fabrics only. Test three specimens from the MD
a sew line when observed from the face side.
and three from the CMD; report the average for
Seam evaluation may also be conducted on the
each direction. The maximum allowable stretch is
sewn assembly and disposition made in
25%; the maximum allowable set is ≤ 4%.
accordance with these results.
3.2.12.1 Production stretch tolerance shall be ± 5%
3.2.10 Flexibility (GMW3390). For unlaminated
if initial value is ≤ 20%, and ± 10% if initial value is
seating fabrics only. Five specimens shall be
> 20%. The stretch tolerance will be reported on
tested from each direction for bending length only.
Report the average for machine direction (MD) and
© Copyright 2008 General Motors Corporation All Rights Reserved

March 2008 Page 3 of 19

GMW14231 GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS

and controlled within the limits established on the
Construction Specification Form.
3.2.13 Tear Strength. Test three specimens from
the MD and three specimens from the CMD; for
Trouser Tear consider the short direction of the
test specimen the direction of test. Report the
average for each direction in N.
3.2.13.1 Trapezoid Tear (GMW3326). Use for
woven, nonwoven and all headliner type fabrics.
The minimum strength shall be as specified in
Table 2 for both MD and CMD.
Nonwoven, all applications X
All non-seating applications X
Note: T= Taber, M= Martindale, S= Schopper.
3.2.14.1 Taber Method (GMW3208). Test using a
1000 g weight and CS-10 wheels for 1000 cycles.
For all non-seating applications test using a 500 g
weight and H-38 wheels for 300 cycles. Three
specimens shall be tested. A rating of ≥ 6 is
considered to meet this requirement.

Table 2: Trapezoid Tear Minimum Strength

Table 4: Taber Method Rating Scale
Headliner Type Fabrics Minimum Requirement
Rating Definition
Knit or nonwoven 29 N 10 No Change
headliner, visor,
sunshade & windlace 8 Slight Change – Fluffy surface, slight fiber
disturbance, no fiber breakage.
Knit or nonwoven pillar 36 N
& rear window trim 6 Moderate Change – Disturbance of
surface yarns and fibers, minimal fiber
Other Applications Minimum Requirement breaks, slight pile distortion
(Seating, IP, Doors)
4 Significant Change – Partial yarn
Knit Use Trouser Tear
abrasion with 50% or more fiber
Woven 45 N breakage, permanent distortion or
reduction of pile fibers, and/ or loss of
Nonwoven 135 N pattern or design intent pattern
2 Severe Change – Holes, removal of pile,
3.2.13.2 Trouser Tear (ISO 13937-2). Use for knit and/or backing is visible
fabrics, excluding headliner type fabrics. The
minimum tear strength shall be 26 N for both MD
and CMD. The electronic method of calculation 3.2.14.2 Martindale Method (ISO 12947- Part I, II,
shall be used. and IV). Pressure applied is 12 kPa. Test for
3.2.14 Resistance to Wear/Abrasion. Test fabrics 35 000 cycles for insert fabrics and 50 000 cycles
for wear based on applications and fabric types in for bolster fabrics. Three specimens shall be
Table 3. tested. No holes are allowed and the rating on the
ISO Grey Scale for Color Change shall be ≥ 3.
3.2.14.3 Schopper Method (GMW3283). Test
Table 3: Resistance to Wear/Abrasion 2 specimens using a 1000 g weight for 200 cycles
Fabric Type T M S (weight loss). Requirement for maximum weight
loss is 5 g/m2 after 200 cycles. No holes after
Flat woven bolster, not backcoated X X 1000 cycles.
Flat woven insert, not backcoated X 3.2.15 Hook Fastener Resistance (GMW15651).
After 48 cycles, a rating of ≥ 8 is required for seat
Woven pile, backcoated X insert and bolster applications (see Table 5). After
Flat woven bolster & insert, X 24 cycles, a rating of ≥ 6 is required for door panel,
backcoated headrest or seat side facing applications.

Knit pile, not backcoated X

Flat knit, backcoated X
Flat knit insert, not backcoated X
Flat knit bolster, not backcoated X X

© Copyright 2008 General Motors Corporation All Rights Reserved

Page 4 of 19 March 2008

GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS
Table 5: Hook Fastener Resistance Rating
Rating Definition
10 No Change
8 Slight Change – slightly fluffy surface;
slight fiber disturbance with no yarn
breakage; no change in design intent.
6 Moderate Change – fluffy surface and
noticeable fiber breakage causing a
change in design intent; slight yarn
breakage; slight bearding.
4 Significant Change –, significant amount
of yarn or fiber breakage; noticeable
bearding.
2 Severe Change – Severe bearding and
surface distortion.
3.2.16 Snagging Resistance, Rivet Method
(GMW14775). Applicable for fabrics with long
floats, generally ≥ 2 mm floats, at the discretion of
the GM engineer. Test in the MD, CMD, bias left
and bias right directions. The requirement is no
snagging or catching of the float by the rivet, in all
directions and angles of test.
3.2.17 Pile Distortion - Environmental
(GMW4141). For pile fabrics only. A rating of ≥ 6 in
the direction producing the worst distortion, as
defined in the test method, is required.
3.2.18 Dimensional Stability. Dimensional
change shall be ≤ 2.5% in the MD and CMD. The
specimen shall exhibit a satisfactory rating, which
is no degradation nor delamination of the layers,
foam or film. Yellowing of the adhesive, foam or
film that does not affect the appearance of the face
fabric is allowed.
3.2.18.1 Test all fabrics per GMW4217. Test one
specimen using the wet condition. Test another
specimen using the dry condition. For both the wet
and dry condition, test the specimens twice. Report
the dimensional changes for both wet and dry
conditions after the first and second test.
3.2.18.1.1 For laminated fabrics report curl at
completion of the second cycle as directed in
GMW4217.
3.2.18.2 Test all fabrics per GMW14124 Cycle M.
One specimen shall be exposed to all conditions of
Cycle M two times. Measure the specimen while it
is at each condition (e.g. hot condition, humidity
condition, cold and ambient). Report the
dimensional change after each condition.
3.2.18.3 For instrument panel and rear window trim
applications only, in addition to 3.2.18.1 and
© Copyright 2008 General Motors Corporation All Rights Reserved
March 2008
GMW14231
3.2.18.2, test all fabrics to GMW14124, Cycle R.
Cut one 300 x 300 mm specimen marked parallel
to the MD (see Figure 1). Report the percent
change in each direction of the specimen after
completing 20 cycles of Cycle R.
300 mm
200 mm
300 mm
200 mm
Figure 1: Shrinkage Test Specimen
3.2.19 Lint Pick-up and Retention (GMW3347).
For pile and napped seating fabrics only. A rating
≥ 6 is required for lint pick-up. A rating ≥ 8 is
required for lint retention after 5 total strokes to and
fro of the vacuum. For double needle bar pile
fabrics, test specimens from both sides (top and
bottom) and record the piece number for each,
along with the rating.
3.2.20 Crocking (ISO 105-X12). The results shall
be ≥ 4 when compared to the ISO Grey Scale for
Staining, ISO 105-A03 after ten strokes to and fro
for both wet and dry conditions. For wet testing,
use a 65% ± 5% wet pick-up of the crocking cloth.
3.2.21 Dye Migration (GMW14141). The rating of
each fiber within the multi-fiber test fabric shall be
≥ 4 when compared to the ISO Grey Scale for
Staining, ISO 105-A03 and ≥ 4 for color change of
the specimen using the ISO Grey Scale for Color
Change, ISO 105-A02. Perform using distilled or
deionized water only.
3.2.22 Water Spotting (GMW14102). Specimen
size shall be 400 x 400 mm. Amount of water used
shall be 5.0 ml. Perform the water spotting
procedure three times on the same area, allowing
the specimen to dry for at least 24 h after each
application of water. Evaluate after each drying
process and report the most noticeable results. No
staining, ring formation or haptic change is
allowed. If the water wicks to the edge, increase
the specimen size.
3.2.23 Soil and Cleaner Resistance (GMW3402,
Part A & B). For part A, perform test using the
soiling agents as specified in Table 6. Perform as
received only.
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GMW14231
Table 6: Specified Soiling Agents for Part A
Soiling
Application
Agents
Seating/Doors A to D, F to J
Headliner/Visors/Sunshade/Pillars/ F, H and I
Windlace
Rear Window Trim F and H
Instrument Panel (IP) B,C,F and H
3.2.23.1 Apply the soil and allow it to remain on the
specimen for 1 h. Clean each specimen within
20 minutes after the 1 h waiting period.
Table 7: Soil and Cleaner Resistance Rating
Rating Definition
10 No Change
8 Slight Change – Slight amount of staining
visible upon close inspection.
6 Moderate Change – Noticeable amount
of staining visible.
4 Significant Change – Objectionable
amount of staining visible.
2 Severe Change – Intense staining; dark
stains on light color materials or light
stains on dark color materials.
3.2.23.2 View each soil specimen from various
angles by rotating the specimen. Report the
individual ratings for each tested specimen. Also
report the average of all soiled specimens. The
requirement is ≥ 6 for each tested specimen and
≥ 6 for the average. No ring formation or haptic
change is allowed.
3.2.23.3 For Part B, each tested specimen shall
display no more than a slight appearance change
after exposure to each cleaner. No ring formation
or haptic change of the specimen is allowed. A
rating of ≥ 4 is also required when evaluated using
an ISO 105-A02 Gray Scale for Color Change The
crocking cloth shall have a rating of ≥ 4 when
compared to the ISO 105-A03 Grey Scale for
Staining.
Note: See 3.5 for specific requirements related to
soil repellent treated fabrics for seating
applications.
3.2.24 Flammability (GMW3232). For initial
approval and routine quality control see 6.1.1.1
and 6.1.1.2. of GMW3232.
© Copyright 2008 General Motors Corporation All Rights Reserved
Page 6 of 19
GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS
Note: Fabric or fabric laminates that will not be
100% bonded to a substrate (e.g. Cut and sew
application) are required to meet GMW3232 as
rolled goods. Fabric or fabric laminates that will be
100% bonded to a substrate must meet GMW3232
as a composite (fabric laminate plus part
substrate).
3.2.24.1 After Conditioning (GMW3232).
Immediately prior to tests all test specimens shall
be conditioned for a minimum of 24 h according to
GMW3221-A.
3.2.24.2 After Aging (GMW3232). The test cycle
shall commence with 48 ± 1 h at 40 ± 3°C and
93 ± 5% Relative Humidity (RH) followed by
168 ± 1 h at 90 ± 3°C and completed without
interruption. Repeat 3.2.24.1 before testing
flammability.
3.2.25 Mildew (GMW3259). There shall be no
visible growth or odor of mildew.
3.2.26 Odor (GMW3205). Report both wet and dry
results. A rating of ≥ 6 is required. Use a ratio of
specimen size to container size of 1:50.
3.2.27 Fogging (GMW3235, Code A
Photometric). Report the average fog number for
three specimens. A reflectance value of
90 minimum with either a dry uniform or dry non-
uniform film is required. Specimens that form
crystals, an oily film, or discernable droplets
≥ 0.05 mm in diameter at 40X magnification do not
meet this requirement. The temperature shall be
90°C for seating, overhead/pillar and door trim
fabrics, and 110°C for rear window trim and
instrument panel fabrics.
3.2.28 Electrostatic Behavior (GMW6754
Method A). At the discretion of the approving GM
engineer. For anti-static treated fabrics only. The
requirement is ≤ 5 x 1010 Ω.
3.2.29 Air Permeability (ISO 9237). Required for
seating and headliner fabrics. Report the air
permeability in mm/s using a test pressure of
100 Pa. Report on the Construction Specification
Form.
3.2.30 Sound Transparency (GMW14128). For
fabric to be used as a speaker covering only.
3.2.31 Colorfastness to Artificial Light, Xenon
Arc Method, A rating of ≥ 3 per ISO 105-A02 Grey
Scale for Color Change is required. Evaluate per
ISO 105-A01. A noticeable chroma (saturation)
change with minimum hue change is acceptable.
Evaluate specimens as specified in GMW6992.
Polystyrene reference plastic and/or blue wool is to
be used to verify the xenon arc apparatus.
3.2.31.1 100% Polyester Fabrics: Seating and
Below Beltline Trim Panel Applications. The
March 2008
GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW14231

requirement for approval is 1204.0 kJ/m2 per Table 12: Xenon Method (GMW14162, Cycle C,
Table 8. 115°C, 300 to 400 nm).
Recommended For
Application
Table 8: Xenon Method (GMW3414, Cycle A, Level Information
105°C, 420 nm).
Rear Window 18.7 MJ/m2 37.3 MJ/m2
Application Requirement For Information Trim I/P
Seating/Door 903.0 kJ/m2
fabrics only 1204.0 kJ/m2
1053.5 kJ/m2 3.2.32 Natural Weathering (GMW3417
U/G-TSTL-XX). A rating of ≥ 3 per ISO 105-A02
Grey Scale for Color Change is required. Evaluate
3.2.31.2 All Other Applications: (other than per ISO 105-A01. A noticeable chroma (saturation)
3.2.31.1). Xenon shall be performed and reported change with minimum hue change is acceptable.
for information only. Methods listed in Tables 9 to Evaluate specimens as specified in GMW6992.
12 may be used.
3.2.32.1 Natural Weathering is performed for
Note: Natural Weathering is the requirement for information only if Xenon method 3.2.31.1 is used.
approval.
3.2.32.2 All other applications: (other than
3.2.31.1): Natural Weathering is the requirement
Table 9: Xenon Method (ISO 105-B06, for Colorfastness to Light approval. Artificial
Condition 5). Weathering is performed for information only per
3.2.31.2
Application Recommended Level
Headliner/Visor/Sunshade 150.4 kJ/m2 Table 13: Natural Weathering
2
Pillar/Windlace 225.6 kJ/m Natural Weathering Exposure Requirement
Seating/Doors 338.6 kJ/m2 (Solar Absorbing Glass)
Rear Window Trim/IP 451.2 kJ/m2 Information
Application Temp Requirement
Only

Table 10: Xenon Method (GMW14162, Cycle A, Seating/ 102°C 40 NR kL 20 TNR kL

100°C, 420 nm for Pile Fabrics Only). Door 30 TNR kL
Recommended For 105 TNR kL
Application
Level Information Headliner/ 85°C 37.5 TNR kL 10 TNR kL
Headliner 329.0 kJ/m 2
658.0 kJ/m 2 Visor/ 20 TNR kL
2
Sunshade/
Seating/Doors 658.0 kJ/m 987.0 kJ/m2 Pillar/
Windlace
Table 11: Xenon Method (GMW14162, Cycle B, Rear 102°C 105 TNR kL 50 TNR kL
100°C, 300 to 400 nm). Window
Trim/IP
Recommended For
Application
Level Information
Headliner, 14 MJ/m2 28 MJ/m2 3.2.32.3 GM is responsible for conducting the
Sunvisor, natural weathering testing. Suppliers shall submit
Sunshade one A4 sample of material to the responsible
engineer at the developing region. This sample
Pillar,Windlace, 28 MJ/m2 42 MJ/m2 must be from the same lot of material that is tested
Seating/Doors for construction, and shall be submitted along with
the construction properties test sample submission
package. The sample shall be labeled “For Natural
Weathering Test” and include the suppliers name,
piece number, date, and GM Finish Symbol and
color number. GM will perform the specified natural

© Copyright 2008 General Motors Corporation All Rights Reserved

March 2008 Page 7 of 19

GMW14231
weathering test on this sample and advise the
supplier of compliance or lack of compliance to the
requirement.
3.2.33 Fiber Degradation (GMW3387) After
Artificial or Natural Weathering. Test the
specimens from 3.2.31 or 3.2.32 for fiber
degradation at the required and the highest
exposure levels (if higher than the required
exposure level). Test after Natural Weathering if
Natural Weathering is the requirement and after
Artificial Weathering if Artificial Weathering is the
requirement. Evaluate per ISO 105-A01. A rating of
≥ 8 is required based on the exposure levels
indicated in the table used from Tables 8 to 13. A
rating of ≥ 4 is required for the highest level of
exposure if higher than the required level.
3.2.34 Bond Strength (GMW3220). Laminates
Only. Test three specimens from the MD and three
specimens from the CMD and report the average.
Bond strength shall be taken between fabric and
foam and between foam and scrim as received and
after environmental cycling. Bonded on films used
in place of scrims are exempt from meeting the
bond requirements of scrim to foam.
3.2.34.1 As Received (GMW3220). Foam and
scrim used in laminate constructions shall meet the
applicable GM materials specifications. The
requirement is 6 N/5 cm minimum for foam to
fabric bond and 4 N/5 cm minimum for foam to
scrim bond.
3.2.34.2 After Environmental Cycling per
GMW14124 Cycle T or Q. The bond strength of
bilaminate or trilaminate constructions with foam
shall be 3 N/5 cm minimum. If foam tears this is
considered to meet the requirement.
3.2.34.3 As Received using a nonwoven scrim
(GMW3220). The bond strength of bilaminate
using nonwoven scrim shall be greater than the
internal strength of the nonwoven. If a separation
occurs in the nonwoven, the minimum internal
strength shall be 44 N/5 cm.
3.2.35 Resistance to Automotive Enviromental
Cycling (GMW14124, Cycle T or Q). For foam
laminated fabrics only. The sample shall exhibit a
satisfactory rating, which is no degradation nor
delamination of the layers, foam or film. Yellowing
of the adhesive, foam or film that does not affect
the appearance of the face material beyond a
slight amount is allowed.
3.2.36 Interior Emissions (GMW8081 - Relative
Emission). The relative emission shall be < 1.0.
3.3 Color Requirements. These requirements
describe the testing to be completed for each fabric
color once the initial construction has been
approved. This testing may be done on a fabric
© Copyright 2008 General Motors Corporation All Rights Reserved
Page 8 of 19
GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS
material or on a fabric composite following the
initial construction approval. All construction
requirements are expected to match the initial
construction approval even though these
properties are not all retested for each color.
Evaluate per ISO 105-A01.
3.3.1 Crocking (ISO 105-X12). See 3.2.20.
3.3.2 Dye Migration (GMW14141). See 3.2.21.
3.3.3 Water Spotting (GMW14102). See 3.2.22.
3.3.4 Soil and Cleaner Resistance (GMW3402,
Part A & B). See 3.2.23.
3.3.5 Flammability (GMW3232). See 3.2.24.
3.3.6 Colorfastness to Artificial Light, Xenon
Arc Method. See 3.2.31.
3.3.7 Natural Weathering (GMW3417 U/G-TSTL-
XX). See 3.2.32.
3.3.7.1 GM is responsible for conducting the
natural weathering testing. Suppliers shall submit
one A4 sample of the material to the responsible
engineer at the developing region. This sample
must be from the same lot of material that is
visually approved by GM, and shall be submitted
along with the color properties test sample
submission package. The sample shall be labeled
“For Natural Weathering Test” and include the
suppliers name, piece number, date, and GM
Finish Symbol and color number. GM will perform
the specified natural weathering test on this
sample and advise the supplier of compliance or
lack of compliance to the requirement
3.3.8 Fiber Degradation (GMW3387) After
Artificial and Natural Weathering. See 3.2.33.
3.4 Laminate, Requirements. These
requirements describe the construction approval
testing to be completed for fabric laminates after
initial construction approval has been achieved.
This section applies primarily to foam thickness
changes unless otherwise directed by the
approving engineer. Testing shall be conducted on
a production color. If the foam type, foam
supplier/location or scrim, change, then perform
3.2 in its entirety.
Note: Initial approval of foam laminated seating
and door fabrics, is conducted using the thinnest
foam used in production, usually 3 mm. (See 3.2).
Note: This section applies to seating and door
fabric laminates only. For all other fabric laminates,
perform 3.2 in its entirety.
3.4.1 Foam Requirements. The foam used in any
laminate construction must meet the requirements
of GMW15058. The supplier shall provide
documentation of foam approval.
3.4.2 Weight (GMW3182) See 3.2.1.
March 2008
GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS
3.4.3 Thickness (ISO 5084) See 3.2.2.
3.4.4 Tensile Strength and Elongation
(GMW3010 Code A). See 3.2.11.
3.4.5 Tear Strength. See 3.2.13.
3.4.6 Water Spotting (GMW14102). See 3.2.22.
3.4.7 Flammability (GMW3232). See 3.2.24.
3.4.8 Colorfastness to Artificial Light. Repeat
the method used for initial approval. See 3.2.31.
3.4.9 Bond Strength (GMW3220). See 3.2.34.
3.4.10 Resistance to Automotive Environmental
Cycling (GMW14124, Cycle T or Q). See 3.2.33.
3.4.11 Interior Emissions (GMW8081 - Relative
Emission). See 3.2.36.
3.5 Additional Requirements.
3.5.1 Soil Repellent Requirements. This section
describes the additional requirements for soil
repellent treated seating fabrics. These tests are to
be performed at the time of construction approval.
Fabrics of a flat construction i.e. no pile surface,
are required to have a soil repellent finish if the
L* measurement for color value is higher than
31.0 (as measured on the plastic primary color
master). Requirements are different depending on
the type of finish used as defined below. It is
expected that all soil repellent finishes are as
durable as the fabric to which they are applied and
effective for 10 years’ service life.
3.5.1.1 Fabrics not treated with a soil repellent
finish, including dark color flat fabrics which are
exempt from treatment per the Best
Practice #112003, should not be expected to meet
all of these requirements, including water
repellency, oil repellency and surface energy.
3.5.2 Fluorocarbon Water Repellent Treated
Fabrics (Standard Treatment).
3.5.2.1 Water Spotting (GMW14102). See 3.2.22.
3.5.2.2 Water Repellency (GMW4726). The
requirement is ≥ 8.
3.5.2.3 Soil and Cleaner Resistance
(GMW3402). See 3.2.23 Part A: Test for soils
Codes A-P. Codes M to P are to be performed for
information only. The requirement is ≥ 6 for any
required soil and ≥ 8 for the average of all required
soils. No ring formation or haptic change is
allowed.
3.5.2.4 Oil Repellency AATCC 118. A rating of
≥ 3 is required.
3.5.2.5 Odor (GMW3205). See 3.2.26.
3.5.2.6 Flammability (GMW3232). See 3.2.24.
3.5.3 Combination Treatment (Premium
Treatment). For fabrics treated with soil
© Copyright 2008 General Motors Corporation All Rights Reserved
March 2008
GMW14231
repellent/release, antimicrobial and anti-static
combination finishes.
3.5.3.1 Water Spotting (GMW14102). See 3.2.22.
3.5.3.2 Water Repellency (GMW4726). The
requirement is ≥ 8.
3.5.3.3 Soil and Cleaner Resistance
(GMW3402). See 3.2.23 Part A: Test for Codes A
to P. The requirement is ≥ 8 for all required soils.
Codes M to P are to be performed for information
only.
3.5.3.4 Oil Repellency (AATCC 118). A rating of
≥ 7 is required.
3.5.3.5 Odor (GMW3205). See 3.2.26.
3.5.3.6 Antimicrobial Odor. Place 5 ml of whole
milk onto the surface of the fabric. Seal in a glass
jar and maintain at 24°C for 7 days. After
conditioning per GMW3221-A for 24 h, open the jar
and note any presence of sour milk or other
objectionable odor. A rating of ≥ 8 per GMW3205
is required.
Note: whole milk= fresh (within the expiration
date), homogenized, full fat milk
3.5.3.7 Electrostatic Behavior (GMW6754
Method A). The requirement is ≤ 5 x 1010 Ω.
3.5.3.8 Flammability (GMW3232). See 3.2.24.
3.6 Lab Test Certification Package. See 3.1.8.
4 Manufacturing Process
4.1 Manufacturer’s Identification. Per Fabric
Statement of Requirements (SOR).
4.2 Alignment. Not applicable.
4.3 Quality Control Monitoring. Per Fabric SOR.
4.4 Part Performance Processability.
(GMW14444). All fabrics covered by this
specification are subject to part performance
through part validation.
4.5. Ingress/Egress/Jounce Seat Durability Test
(GMW14364). Per GM Validation Engineering
requirements, fabric must perform satisfactorily.
Tested seats are to be evaluated by GM Materials
Engineering.
4.6 Cut, Sew and Processability. Seat source to
evaluate cut, sew and processability and report
evaluation to GM Materials Engineering.
4.7 Roll Direction. To be specified by the material
source and communicated to all purchasers and on
the color masters.
5 Rules and Regulations
5.1 All materials supplied to this standard must
comply with the requirements of GMW3001, Rules
and Regulations for Material Specifications.
Page 9 of 19
GMW14231 GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS

5.1.1 Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) Bearding: Strands of fibers that project from the
required for construction approval only, not surface of a textile, resembling a man’s beard
required for color submissions. Shall: Binding provision that must be met
5.2 All materials supplied to this standard must 7.2 Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Symbols.
comply with the requirements of GMW3059,
CMD Cross Machine Direction
Restricted and Reportable Substances for
Parts. IP Instrument Panel
5.3 Recycling Guidelines (GMW3116). All MD Machine Direction
materials developed to this specification shall be MSDS Material Safety Data Sheets
optimized to provide maximum end-of-life cycle RH Relative Humidity
value utilizing the Vehicle
SOR Statement of Requirements
Recyclability/Recoverability Calculation Sheet.
Recycled content shall be reported to the SSLT Sub System Leadership Team
approving and procuring Materials Engineering
Department utilizing the Part 8 Coding System
Recyclability/Recoverability Report Form. This standard shall be referenced in other
Reference Appendix A of GMW3116, Recyclability documents, drawings, etc., as follows:
Recoverability Guidelines.
Material per GMW14231
6 Approved Sources
9 Release and Revisions
Engineering qualifications of an approved source
are required for this standard. Only sources listed 9.1 Release. This standard originated in July 2005.
in the GM Materials File (i.e., GM Supply Power) It was first approved by the Global Textile
under this standard number have been qualified by Development Group in October 2005. It was first
engineering as meeting the requirements of this published in November 2005. It was converted to a
standard. GMW from GM2751M, also replacing GMW3023.
9.2 Revisions.
7 Notes Rev Approval Description (Organization)
7.1 Glossary. Date
Laminate: Face fabric that is 100% bonded to any A NOV 2007 Major Revision (Global
combination of foam, scrim, film, nonwoven Textile SSLT)
sheeting.
Composite: Fabric or fabric laminate that is 100%
bonded to a part substrate.

© Copyright 2008 General Motors Corporation All Rights Reserved

Page 10 of 19 March 2008

GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW14231

Appendix A
Construction Form A1: Knit Textile Construction Specification General Motors Corporation
(Every blank space must be filled in; report "N/A" if not applicable.)

Date:
Material Identification
Supplier: Version: Original Revision
Finish Symbol: Program (1st use):
Fabric Name: Model Year Start:
Style Number: Knit Type:
Fiber Content: % Recycle (Total/Post Consumer/Post Industrial):
Laminator:
Product Composition
Yarn Composition: (% of Total, Product Name and #, Yarn Source, Luster, Cross-section, Denier, Filament #, Turns/Twist Direction)
Face Yarn A
Yarn B
Yarn C
Middle Yarn E
Yarn F
Yarn G
Back Yarn I
Yarn J
Yarn K
Fourth Yarn M
Yarn N
Dyestuffs and Dye Method: Detail for each yarn, if not piece dyed

Water Repellent/Soil Repellent: Manufacturer, Type, Product #

Flame Retardant: Manufacturer, Type, Product #

Other Finishes: Purpose, Manufacturer, Type, Product #

Backings (backcoating, foam, scrim): Manufacturer & Product # for each

Manufacturing Set-up
Manufacturing Process Flow:

Machine Type: No. Bars: Gauge:

Pattern and Threading: Front: Middle: Back: Fourth:
Ends: Front: Middle: Back: Fourth:
Yardage Ratio: Front: Middle: Back: Fourth:
Runner: Front: Middle: Back: Fourth:
Physical Properties
(Report all values as nominal with tolerances)
Finished Width (mm): Greige Width (mm): (Widths are between selvages)
2 2
Face Fabric Weight (g/m ): Total Laminated Weight (g/m ): Backcoat Weight (g/m2):
Foam weight (g/m2): Scrim Weight (g/m2):
Finished Thickness (mm): Foam Laminate Thickness (mm):
Yarn Count (25 mm): Wales Courses
Tensile Strength (N): Wales Courses
% Elongation @50N: Wales Courses Bias:
Tear Strength (N): Wales Courses
Stretch & Set (%): Wales Courses
Deviations/Special Applications:

Approved by: Date:

(GM Materials Engineering)
THIS MATERIAL IS SUBJECT TO GMW3232 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS.

© Copyright 2008 General Motors Corporation All Rights Reserved

March 2008 Page 11 of 19

GMW14231 GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS

Construction Form A2: Woven Textile Construction Specification General Motors Corporation
(Every blank space must be filled in; report "N/A" if not applicable.)

Date:
Material Identification
Supplier: Version: Original Revision
Finish Symbol: Program (1st use):
Fabric Name: Model Year Start:
Style/Piece #: Weave Type:
Fiber Content: % Recycle (Total/Post Consumer/Post Industrial):
Laminator:
Product Composition
Yarn Composition: (% of Total, Product Name and #, Yarn Source, Luster, Cross-section, Denier, Filament #, Turns/Twist Direction)
Warp Yarn A
Yarn B
Yarn C
Yarn D
Selvage
Fill Yarn V
Yarn W
Yarn X
Yarn Y

Dyestuffs and Dye Method: Detail for each yarn, if not piece dyed

Water Repellent/Soil Repellent: Manufacturer, Type, Product #

Flame Retardant: Manufacturer, Type, Product #

Other Finishes: Purpose, Manufacturer, Type, Product #

Backings (backcoating, foam, scrim): Manufacturer & Product # for each

Manufacturing Set-up
Manufacturing Process Flow:

Loom Type: No. Hook No. Beams

Reed Width: Dents: Ends:
No. of Ends: Face: Back:
No. of Picks:

Physical Properties
(Report all values as nominal with tolerances)
Finished Width (mm): (Between selvages)
2 2
Face Fabric Weight (g/m ): Total Laminated Weight (g/m ): Backcoat Weight (g/m2):
Foam weight (g/m2): Scrim Weight (g/m2):
Finished Thickness (mm): Foam Laminate Thickness (mm):
Yarn Count (25.4mm): Warp Fill
Tensile Strength (N): Warp Fill
% Elongation @50N: Warp Fill Bias:
Tear Strength (N): Warp Fill
Stretch & Set (%): Warp Fill
Deviations/Special Applications:

Approved by: Date:

(GM Materials Engineering)
THIS MATERIAL IS SUBJECT TO GMW3232 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS.

© Copyright 2008 General Motors Corporation All Rights Reserved

Page 12 of 19 March 2008

GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW14231

Construction Form A3: Nonwoven Textile Construction Specification General Motors Corporation
(Every blank space must be filled in; report "N/A" if not applicable.)

Date:
Material Identification
Supplier: Version: Original Revision
Finish Symbol: Program (1st use):
Fabric Name: Model Year Start:
Style Number: Laminator:
Fiber Content: % Recycle (Total/Post Consumer/Post Industrial):

Product Composition
Yarn Composition: (Fiber Content, Denier, % of each and Fiber Source)
Fiber A
Fiber B
Fiber C
Fiber D
Dye Method: (piece, solution, yarn, etc)

Bonding Method: (stitch, adhesive, etc.)

Water Repellent/Soil Repellent: Manufacturer, Type, Product #

Flame Retardant: Manufacturer, Type, Product #

Other Finishes: Purpose, Manufacturer, Type, Product #

Backings (backcoating, binder, foam, scrim): Manufacturer & Product # for each

Manufacturing Set-up
Manufacturing Process Flow:

Machine Type:
Needle Penetrations per cm:
Needle Pattern:

Physical Properties
(Report all values as nominal with tolerances)
(All widths are
Finished Width (mm): between selvages) Un-Finished Width (mm):
2 2
Face Fabric Weight (g/m ): Total Laminated Weight (g/m ):
Foam Weight (g/m2): Scrim Weight (g/m2):
Finished Thickness (mm): Finished Foam Laminate Thickness (mm):
Tear Strength (N): AMD MD
Tensile Strength (N): AMD MD Bias
Elongation @ 50N: AMD MD Bias
Stretch & Set (%): AMD MD

Deviations/Special Applications:

Approved by: Date:

(GM Materials Engineering)
THIS MATERIAL IS SUBJECT TO GMW3232 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS.

© Copyright 2008 General Motors Corporation All Rights Reserved

March 2008 Page 13 of 19

GMW14231 GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS

Appendix B
Data Form B1: Fabric Construction Certification Form (Page 1 of 3)
GMW 14231, March 2008 revision - Appendix B1
FABRIC CONSTRUCTION CERTIFICATION DATA FORM
(USE FOR CONSTRUCTION APPROVALS EXCLUDING SUBSEQUENT SEATING/DOOR LAMINATE APPROVALS)
Supplier and Location: Date:
Fabric Name: Vendor ID/PC #:
GM Finish Symbol: Lab #:
Lab Name:

3.2 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS

Specimen
H/V/S/P/W

Does

Submit
NOT
S/D

RR

SECTION TEST SPECIFICATION RESULTS Meets Meet COMMENTS

IP

x x x x 3.1.9 Foam Requirements (GMW15058) Attach approval document

x x x x 3.2.1 Weight (GMW3182) 300 g/m2 min. for seating Face wt.- Seating g/m 2

Face wt.- Other g/m2

Total lam. wt. g/m2
x x x x 3.2.2 Thickness (ISO5084 ) Face only thickness mm Information only
Total lam. thickness mm Information only
x x x x 3.2.3 Color Read Through (GMW4750) > 4.5 (ISO105-A02) Grey scale
dL*
x x x x 3.2.4 Fiber Show Through Perforated fabrics only x
x x x x 3.2.5 Yarn Count (GMW4090) For Information Only Warp/Wales Information only
Fill/Courses Information only
x x x x 3.2.6 Bow and Skew (ASTM 3882) Grade 1: 2.5%, Grade 2: 3.5%,
Grade 3: 5.0% Grade: %
x 3.2.7 Yarn Slippage (GMW14146) Woven > 50N, Knit >30N Warp/Wales N
Fill/Courses N
x x x x 3.2.8 Ravel Resistance (GMW3217) > 8 (Woven fabrics only) Warp Fill x
x 3.2.9 Seam Fatique (GMW3405) No slippage, noticeable fiber or yarn Warp/Warp mm x
breakage, fracture of sew lines, needle Weft/Weft mm x
holes that measure > 2mm or Warp/Weft mm x
objectionable appearance after 2500
cycles (Seating fabrics only) Comments:
x 3.2.10 Flexibility (GMW3390) Between 30 and 100 mm Face up MD mm x
(Unlaminated seating fabrics only) Face up CMD mm x
x x x x 3.2.11 Tensile Strength & Elongation Minimum elongation @ 50 N:
(GMW3010 Codes A & S) Knit headliner fabric- MD 16%, CMD 30% MD %
CMD %
Bias % Information only
Knit (all others) - MD 5%, CMD5% MD %
CMD %
Bias % Information only
Nonwoven headliner fabric - MD 10%, MD %
CMD 25% CMD %
Bias % Information only
Nonwoven (all others) - MD 8%, CMD MD %
12% CMD %
Bias % Information only
Woven seating/doors - MD 2%, MD %
CMD 2% CMD %
Bias % Information only
All others - MD 5%, CMD 5% MD %
CMD %
Bias % Information only
Minimum requirement for tensile strength
Knit headliner fabric - 133N MD N
CMD N
3.2.11 Tensile Strength & Elongation Knit (all others) - 250N MD N
CMD N
Nonwoven headliner fabric - 133N MD N
CMD N
Nonwoven (all others) - 300N MD N
CMD N
Woven seating/doors - 400N MD N
CMD N
All others - 400N MD N
CMD N
Elongation @ 25N: (info. only)
MD % Information only
CMD % Information only
Bias % Information only
Elongation @ 100N - (info only)
MD % Information only
CMD % Information only
Bias % Information only
Elongation @ break - (info only)
MD % Information only
CMD % Information only
Bias % Information only

x 3.2.12 Stretch and Set (GMW3211) Stretch: ≤ 25% Stretch MD %

Set: ≤ 4% Stretch CMD %
Set MD %
Set CMD %

© Copyright 2008 General Motors Corporation All Rights Reserved

Page 14 of 19 March 2008

GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW14231

Data Form B1: Fabric Construction Certification Form (Page 2 of 3)

x x x x 3.2.13 Tear Strength

3.2.13.1 Trapezoid Tear (GMW3326)
√ Headliner type fabrics Knit or nonwoven headliner, visor, MD N
sunshade & windlace> 29N CMD N
√ Knit or nonwoven pillar & rear window trim > MD N
36N CMD N
√ √ √ Other applications (seating, IP Woven > 45N MD N
doors, etc.) CMD N
√ √ √ √ Nonwoven > 135N MD N
CMD N
x x x 3.2.13.2 Trouser Tear (ISO13937-2) Knit fabrics (excluding headliner type MD N
fabrics) > 26N CMD N
x x x x 3.2.14 Resistance to Wear/Abrasion
√ √ √ √ 3.2.14.1 Taber (GMW3208) >6 Rating x
(Use for all pile fabrics, all non-
seating fabrics, all nonwovens
and all flat backcoated fabrics for
all applications)
√ 3.2.14.2 Martindale (ISO12947) Grey Scale Rating x
No holes & ≥ 3 (ISO105-A02). Holes No holes
(Use for all flat, non-backcoated
fabrics for seating applications)
√ 3.2.14.3 Schopper (GMW3283) g/m2 x
Weight loss - ≤ 5 g/m2 after 200 Holes No holes
cycles. No holes after 1000
cycles. (Use for all flat, non-
backcoated bolster fabrics)
3.2.15 Hook Fastener Resistance Seat insert/bolster: ≥ 8 Rating x
x (GMW15651) Other applications: ≥ 6 Rating x
x x x x 3.2.16 Snagging Resistance (GMW14775) No snagging allowed MD x
CMD x
Bias L x
Bias R x
3.2.17 Pile Distortion- Environmental > 6 (Pile fabrics only) Rating x
x x x
(GMW4141)
3.2.18 Dimensional Stability ≤ 2.5% and no degradation or
x x x x 3.2.18.1 Dimensional Stability (GMW4217) delamination of layers, foam or film. MD%/CMD%
Yellowing of the adhesive, foam or film Wet Condition #1 /
that does not affect the appearance of Wet Condition #2 /
the face material is allowed. /
Dry Condition #1
Dry Conditon #2 /

Laminate curl - information only mm

√ √ √ √ 3.2.18.2 Automotive Environmental Cycles (See 3.2.19 for requirement) MD%/CMD%
(GMW14124) Cycle M After humidity /
Before heat at 85C /
After heat at 85C /
Before cold at -30C /
After cold at -30C /
After humidity /
Before heat at 85C /
After heat at 85C /
Before cold at -30C /
After cold at -30C /
3.2.18.3 Automotive Environmental Cycles (See 3.2.19 for requirement) MD %
√ √
(GMW14124) Cycle R CMD %
x 3.2.19 Lint Pickup & Retention (GMW3347) Pickup: ≥ 6 Rating x
Retention: ≥ 8 Rating x
x x x x 3.2.20 Crocking (ISO105 - X12) ≥ 4 (ISO 105-A03) Wet Dry x
x x x x 3.2.21 Dye Migration (GMW14141) > 4 (ISO 105-A03) Staining x
> 4 (ISO 105-A02) Color Change x
3.2.22 Water Spotting (GMW14102) No staining, ring formation or haptic x
x x x x
change is allowed.
x x x x 3.2.23 Soil and Cleaner Resistance
(GMW3402 - part A & B) Rating
√ Procedure A (soils) > 6 Moderate change and no ring formation A. Sewing Machine Oil x
√ √ or haptic change. B. Petroleum Jelly x
√ √ C. Instant Coffee x
√ D. Ketchup x
√ √ √ √ F. Brown Soft Drink x
√ G. Regular Soy Sauce x
√ √ √ √ H. Grey Soil x
√ √ I. Salt x
√ J. Chocolate Milk x
Average
x x x x Procedure B (cleaners) > 4 (ISO 105-A02/-03) Staining/Color Change
O. De-ionized Water / x
1. Naphtha / x
2. Soap / x
3 Acetic Acid / x
4. Ammonia / x

x
5. Isopropyl Alcohol /

© Copyright 2008 General Motors Corporation All Rights Reserved

March 2008 Page 15 of 19

GMW14231 GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS

Data Form B1: Fabric Construction Certification Form (Page 3 of 3)

x x x x 3.2.24 Flammability (GMW3232) Fabric/fabric laminate not 100% bonded *Attach Appendix B from GMW3232
to substrate
OR
Fabric/fabric laminate 100% bonded to Results not required; test
substrate part
x x x x 3.2.25 Mildew (GMW3259) No visible growth or odor of mildew
x x x x 3.2.26 Odor (GMW3205) >6 Wet Dry
x x x x 3.2.27 Fogging (GMW3235-A Photometric) > 90 Units and no crystals, oily film Units:
or large droplets >0.05mm at 40X Temp:
allowed Visual:
3.2.28 Electrostatic Behavior (GMW6754 < 5 x 10 10 Ω (For anti-static treated Rating
x x x x Method A) fabrics only)
x x 3.2.29 Air Permeability (ISO 9237) (Use for seating and headliner fabrics) Report mm/sec
x x x x 3.2.30 Sound Transparency (GMW14128) (Speaker covering fabric only)
+ 3 dB in any 1/3 Octave band Rating
+ 2 dB in any 2/3 Octave band Rating
+ 1 dB in any full Octave or larger band Rating
3.2.31 Colorfastness to Artificial Light > 3 per ISO105-A02. A noticeable
x x x x chroma change with minimum hue
change is acceptable.
√ 3.2.31.1 Xenon Method GMW3414 100% polyester seating and 1204.0 kJ/m2 Rating x
Cycle A below beltline fabrics 903 kJ/m2 Rating x Information Only
1053.5 kJ/m2 Rating x Information Only
√ 3.2.31.1 Xenon Method ISO 105-B06 Headliner/Visor/Sunshade 150.4kJ/m2 Rating x Information Only
√ Condition 5 Pillar/Windlace 225.6kJ/m2 Rating x Information Only
Seating/Doors 2
√ 338.6 kJ/m Rating Information Only
Rear Window Trim / IP 2
√ √ 451.2 kJ/m Rating x Information Only
√ 3.2.31.1 Xenon Method GMW14162 Headliner 329 kJ/m2 Rating x Information Only
√ C
Cycle A Seating/Doors 658 kJ/m2 Rating Information Only
√ 3.2.31.1 Xenon Method GMW14162 Headliner, Visor, Sunshade 14 MJ/m2 Rating x Information Only
√ √ Cycle B Pillar, Windlace, Seating/Door 28 MJ/m2 Rating x Information Only
3.2.31.1 Xenon Method GMW14162 Rear Window Trim / IP 18.7 MJ/m2 Rating x Information Only
√ √ Cycle C
x x x x 3.2.32 Natural Weathering (GMW3417) > 3 per ISO105-A02. A noticeable
chroma change with minimum hue
change is acceptable.
√ Seat and door 40 TNR kL Rating x
√ Pillars/Windlace 37.5 TNR kL Rating x
√ √ Rear Window Trim / IP 105 TNR kL Rating x
Xenon Method GMW3414 used for approval Natural Weathering not
required
x x x x 3.2.33 Fiber Degradation (GMW3387) Xenon/Natural
> 8 for required exposure level Rating / x
> 4 for the highest exposure Rating / x
level if higher than the required
x x x x 3.2.34 Bond Strength (GMW3220)
3.2.34.1 As Received Fabric to Foam: ≥ 6N/5cm MD CMD
Foam to Scrim: ≥ 4N/5cm MD CMD
3.2.34.2 After Environmental Cycling Fabric to Foam: ≥ 3N/5cm MD CMD
(GMW14124 Cycle T or Q) Foam to Scrim: ≥ 3N/5cm MD CMD
3.2.34.3 As received using a nonwoven ≥ 44N/5cm MD CMD
scrim
x x x x 3.2.35 Resistance to Automotive Cycling No degradation, delamination or x
(GMW14124 Cycle T or Q) appearance change allowed
x x x x 3.2.36 Interior Emissions (GMW8081) < 1.0
x x x x 5.2 Restricted and Reportable Provide IMDS screen print-out
Substances for Parts (GMW3059) acceptance sheet

Test Requirements: S/D = Seating, door fabric H/V/S/P/W = Headlining, visor, sunshade, pillar, windlace fabric, RR = Rear window trim fabric, IP = Instrument panel fabric

Test Engineer:

Signature: Date:

© Copyright 2008 General Motors Corporation All Rights Reserved

Page 16 of 19 March 2008

GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW14231

Data Form B2: Fabric Color Certification Data Form

GMW 14231 March 2008 revision - Appendix B2

FABRIC COLOR CERTIFICATION DATA FORM
(USE FOR COLOR APPROVALS AFTER CONSTRUCTION APPROVAL HAS BEEN ACHIEVED)
Supplier and Location: Date:
Fabric Name: Vendor ID/PC #:
GM Finish Symbol: Lab #:
GM Color Name: Lab Name:

3.3 COLOR REQUIREMENTS

Specimen
H/V/S/P/W

Does

Submit
NOT
S/D

RR

SECTION TEST SPECIFICATION RESULTS Meets Meet COMMENTS

IP

x x x x 3.3.1 Crocking (ISO105 - X12) ≥ 4 (ISO 105-A03) Wet Dry x

x x x x 3.3.2 Dye Migration (GMW14141) > 4 (ISO 105-A03) Staining x
> 4 (ISO 105-A02) Color Change x
x x x x 3.3.3 Water Spotting (GMW14102) No staining, ring formation or haptic x
change is allowed.
x x x x 3.3.4 Soil and Cleaner Resistance
(GMW3402 - part A & B) Rating
√ Procedure A (soils) > 6 Moderate staining and no ring formation A. Sewing Machine Oil x
√ √ or haptic change. B. Petroleum Jelly x
√ √ C. Instant Coffee x
√ D. Ketchup x
√ √ √ √ F. Brown Soft Drink x
√ G. Regular Soy Sauce x
√ √ √ √ H. Grey Soil x
√ √ I. Salt x
√ J. Chocolate Milk x
Average
x x x x Procedure B (cleaners) > 4 (ISO 105-A02/-03) Staining/Color Change
O. De-ionized Water / x
1. Naphtha / x
2. Soap / x
3 Acetic Acid / x
4. Ammonia / x
5. Isopropyl Alcohol / x
x x x x 3.3.5 Flammability (GMW3232) Fabric/fabric laminate not 100% bonded *Attach Appendix B from GMW3232
to substrate
OR
Fabric/fabric laminate 100% bonded to Results not required; test
substrate part
x x x x 3.3.6 Colorfastness to Artificial Light > 3 per ISO105-A02. A noticeable
Xenon Method GMW3414 Cycle 100% polyester seating and 1204.0 kJ/m2 Rating x
√ √ A below beltline fabrics 903 kJ/m2 Rating x Information Only
1053.5 kJ/m2 Rating x Information Only
√ Xenon Method ISO 105-B06 Headliner/Visor/Sunshade 150.4kJ/m2 Rating x Information Only
√ Condition 5 Pillar/Windlace 225.6kJ/m2 Rating x Information Only
Seating/Doors 338.6 kJ/m2 Rating Information Only
Rear Window Trim / IP 2
√ √ 451.2 kJ/m Rating x Information Only
√ Xenon Method GMW14162 Cycle Headliner 329 kJ/m2 Rating x Information Only
Cycle A Seating/Doors 658 kJ/m2 Rating Information Only
√ Xenon Method GMW14162 Cycle Headliner, Visor, Sunshade 14 MJ/m2 Rating x Information Only
√ B Pillar, Windlace, Seating/Door 28 MJ/m2 Rating x Information Only
√ √ Xenon Method GMW14162 Cycle Rear Window Trim / IP 18.7 MJ/m2 Rating x Information Only
C
x x x x 3.3.7 Natural Weathering (GMW3417) > 3 per ISO105-A02. A noticeable
chroma change with minimum hue
change is acceptable.
√ Seat and door 40 TNR kL Rating x
√ Pillars/Windlace 37.5 TNR kL Rating x
√ √ Rear Window Trim / IP 105 TNR kL Rating x
Xenon Method GMW3414 used for approval Natural Weathering not
required
x x x x 3.3.8 Fiber Degradation (GMW3387) Xenon/Natural
> 8 for required exposure level Rating / x
> 4 for the highest exposure Rating / x
level if higher than the required

Test Requirements: S/D = Seating, door fabric H/V/S/P/W = Headlining, visor, sunshade, pillar, windlace fabric, RR = Rear window trim fabric, IP = Instrument panel fabric

Test Engineer:

Signature: Date:

© Copyright 2008 General Motors Corporation All Rights Reserved

March 2008 Page 17 of 19

GMW14231 GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS

Data Form B3: Fabric Laminate Certification Data Form

GMW 14231 March 2008 revision - Appendix B3
FABRIC LAMINATE CERTIFICATION DATA FORM
(USE FOR SUBSEQUENT LAMINATE APPROVALS AFTER CONSTRUCTION APPROVAL HAS BEEN ACHIEVED)
Supplier and Location: Date:
Fabric Name: Vendor ID/PC #:
GM Finish Symbol: Lab #:
Lab Name:

3.4 LAMINATE REQUIREMENTS

Specimen
Does

Submit
NOT
SECTION TEST SPECIFICATION RESULTS Meets Meet COMMENTS
3.4.1 Foam Requirements Attach document
3.4.2 Weight (GMW3182) 2
+/- 6% (300 g/m min. for seating) Face wt. g/m
2

+/- 6% Total lam. wt. g/m

2 Information only
3.4.3 Thickness (ISO5084 ) Face fabric (+/- 10%) Face only thickness mm Information only
Laminate (+/- 15%) Total lam. thickness mm Information only
3.4.4 Tensile Strength & Elongation Minimum elongation @ 50 N:
Knit headliner fabric- MD 16%, CMD 30% MD %
CMD %
Bias Information only
Knit (all others) - MD 5%, CMD5% MD %
CMD %
Bias Information only
Nonwoven headliner fabric - MD 10%, MD %
CMD 25% CMD %
Bias Information only
Nonwoven (all others) - MD 8%, CMD MD %
12% CMD %
Bias Information only
All others - MD 5%, CMD 5% MD %
CMD %
Bias Information only
Minimum requirement for tensile strength
Knit headliner fabric - 133N MD N
CMD N
Knit (all others) - 250N MD N
CMD N
Nonwoven headliner fabric - 133N MD N
CMD N
Nonwoven (all others) - 300N MD N
CMD N
All others - 400N MD N
CMD N
3.4.5 Tear Strength
Trapezoid Tear (GMW3326)
Headliner type fabrics Knit or nonwoven headliner, visor, MD N
sunshade & windlace> 29N CMD N
MD N
Knit or nonwoven pillar & rear window trim > 36N CMD N
Other applications (seating, IP Woven > 45N MD N
doors, etc.) CMD N
Nonwoven > 135N MD N
CMD N
Trouser Tear (ISO13937-2) Knit fabrics (excluding headliner type MD N
fabrics) > 26N CMD N
x
3.4.6 Water Spotting (GMW14102) No staining, ring formation or haptic
change is allowed.
3.4.7 Flammability (GMW3232) Fabric/fabric laminate not 100% bonded *Attach Appendix B from GMW32323
to substrate
OR
Fabric/fabric laminate 100% bonded to substrate Results not required
3.4.8 Colorfastness to Artificial Light > 3 per ISO105-A02. A noticeable
2
Xenon Method GMW3414 100% polyester seating and below 1204.0 kJ/m Rating x
Cycle A beltline fabrics 903 kJ/m2 Rating x Information Only
1053.5 kJ/m2 Rating x Information Only
2
Xenon Method ISO 105-B06 Headliner/Visor/Sunshade 150.4kJ/m Rating x Information Only
2
Condition 5 Pillar/Windlace 225.6kJ/m Rating x Information Only
2
Seating/Doors 338.6 kJ/m Rating x Information Only
2
Rear Window Trim / IP 451.2 kJ/m Rating x Information Only
Xenon Method GMW14162 Cycle Headliner 329 kJ/m2 Rating x Information Only
Cycle A Seating/Doors 658 kJ/m2 Rating x Information Only
2
Xenon Method GMW14162 Cycle Headliner, Visor, Sunshade 14 MJ/m Rating x Information Only
2
B Pillar, Windlace, Seating/Door 28 MJ/m Rating x Information Only
2
Xenon Method GMW14162 Cycle Rear Window Trim / IP 18.7 MJ/m Rating x Information Only
C
3.4.9 Bond Strength (GMW3220)
As Received Fabric to Foam: 6N/5cm MD M
Foam to Scrim: 4N/5cm MD M
After Environmental Cycling per Fabric to Foam: 3N/5cm MD M
GMW14124 Cycle T or Q Foam to Scrim: 3N/5cm MD M
As received -nonwoven scrim 60N/5cm minimum MD M
3.4.10 Resistance to Automotive No degradation, delamination or
Environmental Cycling (GM14124) appearance change allowed x
Cycle T or Q
3.4.11 Interior Emissions < 1.0
5.2 Restricted and Reportable Provide IMDS screen print-out
Substances for Parts (GMW3059) acceptance sheet

Test Engineer:

Signature: Date:

© Copyright 2008 General Motors Corporation All Rights Reserved

Page 18 of 19 March 2008

GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW14231

Data Form B4: Fabric Soil Repellent Finish Certification Data Form

GMW 14231 March 2008 revision - Appendix B4

FABRIC SOIL REPELLENT FINISH CERTIFICATION DATA FORM
(USE FOR FABRICS WITH SOIL REPELLENT FINISH)
Supplier and Locatio Date:
Fabric Name: Vendor ID/PC #:
GM Finish Symbol: Lab #:
GM Color Name: Lab Name:

3.5 SOIL REPELLENT REQUIREMENTS

Specimen
Does

Submit
NOT
SECTION TEST SPECIFICATION RESULTS Meets Meet COMMENTS
3.5.2 Fluorocarbon Water Repellent Treated
Fabrics (Standard Treatment)
3.5.2.1 Water Spotting (GMW14102) No staining, ring formation or haptic change is Rating x
allowed.
3.5.2.2 Water Repellency (GMW4726) ≥8 Rating
3.5.2.3 Soil and Cleaner Resistance (GMW3402) ≥6 Rating
Procedure A (soils) A. Sewing Machine Oil x
B. Petroleum Jelly x
C. Instant Coffee x
D. Ketchup x
E. Ink x
F. Brown Soft Drink x
G. Regular Soy Sauce x
H. Grey Soil x
I. Salt x
J. Chocolate Milk x
≥8 Average
Procedure B (cleaners) Staining/Color Change
>4 (ISO 105-A02/-03) O. De-ionized / x
1. Naphtha / x
2. Soap / x
3 Acetic Acid / x
4. Ammonia / x
5. Isopropyl / x
3.5.2.4 Oil Repellency (AATCC 118) ≥3 Rating
3.5.2.5 Odor (GMW3205) ≥6 Rating
3.5.2.6 Flammability (GMW3232) Fabric/fabric laminate not 100% bonded to *Attach Appendix B from GMW3232
substrate
OR
Fabric/fabric laminate 100% bonded to substrate Results not required; test part
substrate

Test Engineer:

Signature: Date:
3.5.3 Combination Treatment (Premium Treatment)

3.5.3.1 Water Spotting (GMW14102) No staining, ring formation or haptic change is Rating x
allowed.
3.5.3.2 Water Repellency (GMW4726) ≥8 Rating
3.5.3.3 Soil and Cleaner Resistance (GMW3402) ≥8 Rating
Procedure A (soils) A. Sewing Machine Oil x
B. Petroleum Jelly x
C. Instant Coffee x
D. Ketchup x
E. Ink x
F. Brown Soft Drink x
G. Regular Soy Sauce x
H. Grey Soil x
I. Salt x
J. Chocolate Milk x
K. Red Drink
L. Permanent Marker
≥8 Average

Procedure B (cleaners) Staining/Color Change

>4 (ISO 105-A02/-03) O. De-ionized / x
1. Naphtha / x
2. Soap / x
3 Acetic Acid / x
4. Ammonia / x
5. Isopropyl / x
3.5.3.4 Oil Repellency (AATCC 118) ≥7 Rating
3.5.3.5 Odor (GMW3205) ≥6 Rating
3.5.3.6 Antimicrobial Odor ≥ 8 per GMW3205 Rating
3.5.3.7 Electrostatic Behavior (GMW6754 Method A) < 5 x 10 10 Ω (For anti-static treated Rating
fabrics only)
3.5.3.9 Flammability (GMW3232) Fabric/fabric laminate not 100% bonded to *Attach Appendix B from GMW3232
substrate
OR
Fabric/fabric laminate 100% bonded to substrate Results not required; test part
substrate

Test Engineer:

Signature: Date:

© Copyright 2008 General Motors Corporation All Rights Reserved

March 2008 Page 19 of 19