CIT101 COMPUTER LITERACY

BASICS
Devotion
Text 1 Corinthians 13:4-8
IMITATING GOD’S LOVE
4 Love is patient, love is kind. It does not envy, it does not boast, it is not

proud. 5 It does not dishonor others, it is not self-seeking, it is not easily

angered, it keeps no record of wrongs. 6 Love does not delight in evil but
rejoices with the truth. 7 It always protects, always trusts, always hopes,
always perseveres.
Objective

▪ This chapter presents a broad survey of concepts and terminology

related to computers.
▪ You will learn about the components of a computer, the power of
computers, computer software, and networks and the Internet.
▪ Categories of computers are identified, including personal computers,
minicomputers, mainframe computers, and supercomputers
▪ Computers have become one of the most important things in our lives,
especially after the pandemic as everything turned online from classes to
payments to board meetings and much more. When computers are so
important to us should we not know more about them?
This Chapter Presents A Broad Survey Of Concepts And
Terminology Related To Computer
▪ What is a Computer?
▪ A computer is a machine that is made up of various parts or
components which help it carry out instructions which are in the
form of arithmetic commands or different algorithms for it to
process. Computers are used in almost every field like medicine,
travel, education, entertainment.
▪ Computer hardware components include input devices, output devices,
a system unit, storage devices, and communications devices. An input
device is any hardware component that allows a user to enter data and
instructions into a computer. Six commonly used input devices are the
keyboard, mouse, microphone,scanner, digital camera, and PC camera.
▪ An output device is any hardware component that can convey
information to a user. Three commonly used output devices are a printer,
a monitor, and speakers.
▪ The system unit is a box-like case made from metal or plastic that
protects the internal electronic components of the computer from
damage. The system unit contains the central processing unit and
memory. The central processing unit (CPU) is the electronic device that
interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate the
computer. Memory is a temporary holding place for data and
instructions.
▪ A storage device records and retrieves data to and from a storage
medium. Six common storage devices are a floppy disk drive, a Zip drive,
a hard disk drive, a CD-ROM drive, a CD-RW drive, a DVD-ROM drive, and
a DVD+RW drive.
▪ A communications device enables computer users to communicate and
exchange items such as data, instructions, and information with another
computer. A modem is a communications device that enables computers
to communicate usually via telephone lines or cable
• Motherboard
• A motherboard is a circuit board through which all the different
components of a computer communicate and it keeps everything
together. The input and output devices are plugged into the
motherboard for function.
• Central Processing Unit (CPU)
• The CPU is called the brain of the computer since no action can
take place without its permission and execution is the main
processing unit. It communicates with all the other components of
the computer and has 3 components that help in the smooth
functioning of the CPU
• Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)
• Another vital component of the computer is the GPU. The Graphics
Processing Unit or the video card helps generate high-end visuals
like the ones in video games.
• Random Access Memory (RAM)
• RAM is the most commonly referred to as a component in a
computer. The RAM is also known as the volatile memory since it
gets erased every time the computer restarts. It stores the data
regarding the programs which are frequently accessed programs
and processed. It helps programs to start up and close quickly.
Read Only Memory ROM
In contrast to RAM is read-only memory (ROM), which is stored on single
chips on the motherboard, as shown in Figure 2–6. The operating system
retrieves the data or programs stored in ROM when it needs them, such as
when the computer starts up. Unlike RAM, however, the operating system
does not regularly write over the contents of ROM, which is why this type
of memory is called read-only memory.
Categories Of Computers Are Identified, Including
Personal Computers, Minicomputers, Mainframe
Computers, And Supercomputers
▪ A personal computer can perform all of its input, processing, output, and
storage activities by itself. Personal computers include desktop
computers and notebook computers.
▪ A desktop computer is designed so the system unit, input devices,
output devices, and any other devices fit entirely on or under a desk or
table. Variations of desktop computers include tower models (computers
with tall and narrow system units that can sit vertically on the floor), all-
in-one computers (less expensive computers that combine the monitor
and system unit into a single device), and workstations (more expensive
and powerful computers designed for work that requires intense
calculation and graphics capabilities)
▪ A notebook computer is a portable personal computer small enough fit
on your lap. Notebook and desktop computers are used at home or in
the office to perform application software-related tasks or to access the
Internet.
▪ A handheld computer is a small computer that fits in your hand.
Handheld computers can perform specific, industry-related functions, or
can be general-purpose.
▪ A mainframe is a large, expensive, very powerful computer that can
handle hundreds or thousands of connected users simultaneously.
▪ A supercomputer is the fastest, most powerful, and most expensive
category of computer.