↑ glucose concentration

PREDISPOSING FACTORS:
Age
TYPE 2 DM (insulin resistance) TYPE 1 DM (autoimmune destruction)
Sex
Family Hx CNS CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
Ethnicity ↓ sensitivity of cells to insulin Type 4 hypersensitivity response

↑ blood viscosity ↑ blood viscosity

INSULIN RESISTANCE Destruction of beta cells (↓)
PRECIPITATING FACTORS:
Obesity ↑ fat deposit in blood vessels ↓oxygen to the heart
↑ insulin production Secretion of impaired insulin ↓blood flow to the
Smoking
brain
Alcohol
Exhaustion of beta cells Desensitization of liver and TACHYCARDIA
Physical inactivity Formation of plaque
extremities to the levels of blood
Stress ↓oxygen to the
glucose
PCOS ↓ insulin secretion brain ↑ cardiac output
Diet Narrowing of blood vesssels
Continued glucose release from
↓ absorption of the liver Narrowing of vessels ↑ serotonin & No energy source ↑ blood circulation
glucose by the cell ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Fatigue going to the brain neurotransmitter for the brain
Accumulation of glucose in
↓ production of ATP bloodstream ↑ peripheral resistance
Brain cell damage Plaque expansion
↓ perfusion Headache
in the lumen of
Appropriate monitoring of blood
Cellular starvation HYPERGLYCEMIA blood vessels
sugar levels HYPERTENSION
Muscle tissue breaks down
Dietary modification Atrophy of nerves
Cell signals brain = hunger protein
Compliance of medical regimen ↑ mechanical stress on
Weight Loss
Total occlusion of Blood vessel ventricles
Promote relaxation and sleep Adipose tissue breaks down fat
Brain response = eat more Brain nerve damage Memory loss artery lumen rupture
(lipolysis)
Left ventricular hypertrophy
↑ hunger
Burning ketones for energy
LEGEND: Fluids for PROGNOSIS CEREBROVASCULAR
Polyphagia ACCIDENT (CVA) HEART FAILURE
ETIOLOGY dehydration Acid enter blood
Insulin to lower DIABETIC Recognition of stroke (BEFAST) Compliance of medical regimen
DISEASE PROCESS blood glucose Polydipsia Acid base imbalance KETOACIDOSIS (DKA)
Kussmaul breathing Lifestyle modification DASH diet
Replacement of
S&S Fruity breath Compliance of medical regimen Exercise
electrloytes Dehydration ↑ glucose concentration
MANAGEMENT

PROGNOSIS

DIAG/LAB TEST Sugar lodged up inside

RENAL SYSTEM EENT INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
filtering units of kidneys
Thickening of
BODY SYSTEM capillary membrane
DISEASE/ ↑ fluid in intravascular ↑ blood viscosity basement ↓ blood flow to the skin
Nephrotic damage
COMPLICATION space

DIABETIC ↓ blood flow to EENT Abnormal retinal ↓ oxygen to the skin

↓ GFR NEPHROPATHY vascular permeability
Fluid & glucose goes into
the kidneys
Osmosis occur in an attempt to
↓ oxygen to EENT nerves ↓ sensation
dilute blood viscosity Hyperosmolarity Retinal hypoxia
Renal Failure
↑ glomerular filtration
DIABETIC NEUROPATHY
rate (GFR) Dehydration Vestibulocochlear nerve Olfactory nerve Optic nerve Retinal
↑ fluid escape END STAGE RENAL
vascularization
DISEASE
Risk for injury
Some glucose escapes ↑ filtered water
Diminished hearing Diminished Diminished on the skin
Cellular dehydration the renal tubules DIABETIC
sense of smell eyesight
Blood sugar monitoring Hemodialysis RETINOPATHY
and taste
↑urine output Hearing loss Delayed healing
Dietary modification Strict I&O monitoring
Glycosuria Blurred
Polydipsia ↑ Oral fluid intake Dietary modification
Dysgeusia; vision
Compliance of med BLINDNESS Necrosis of affected
Polyuria Compliance of medical Blood sugar Hyposmia
↑ glucose in urine;
regimen regimen monitoring extremity
growth of pathogens
Diet & Exercise
Urine test Promote hygiene and Dietary modification
Foot care AMPUTATION
UTI cleanliness Promote safety