C3:
80% of the plants
Stomata Opening and Closing:
Stomata generally open during
the day for gas exchange and
close at night.
Photorespiration Adaptation:
C3 plants are more prone to
photorespiration, which is not a
direct adaptation but a
limitation in certain conditions.
Where Photosynthesis Takes
Place:
Photosynthesis occurs in
mesophyll cells within
chloroplasts.
Carbon Fixation:
Carbon fixation exclusively
takes place in the Calvin cycle
within mesophyll cells.
This table provides an overview of the key similarities and differences between C3, C4, and CAM
photosynthesis in plants.
C4: CAM:
15% of the plants
Stomata Opening and Closing:
Stomata can be partially closed
during the day to conserve water
and reduce transpiration.
Photorespiration Adaptation: C4
Photorespiration Adaptation:
C4 plants are better adapted to
minimize photorespiration.
Where Photosynthesis Takes Place:
Photosynthesis occurs in both
mesophyll and bundle sheath cells,
each containing their chloroplasts.
Carbon Fixation:
Oxaloacetate plays a key role in the
initial carbon fixation in mesophyll
cells, and the Hatch-Slack cycle
occurs in bundle sheath cells.
5% of the plants
Stomata Opening and Closing:
Stomata are typically closed during
the day and open at night to
minimize water loss.
Photorespiration Adaptation:
CAM plants are highly adapted to
reduce photorespiration.
Where Photosynthesis Takes
Place:
Photosynthesis occurs in mesophyll
cells at night and in bundle sheath
cells during the day.
Carbon Fixation:
Oxaloacetate is used as an
intermediate during the nighttime
formation of malate or aspartate in
mesophyll cells, and the
Crassulacean Acid Metabolism
(CAM) cycle takes place in bundle
sheath cells during the day.
This summary includes information
about stomata behavior,
photorespiration adaptation, the
location of photosynthesis, and
carbon fixation in C3, C4, and Cam.