Healthcare Associated Acute Care Hospitals Point Prevalence Survey Annex Country Summary Sheets 2022 2023

ECDC NORMAL #_x000D_
Point prevalence survey of healthcare-associated infections and

antimicrobial use in European acute care hospitals, 2022-2023
Annex 2. Country summary sheets
Disclaimer
Comparisons between country results should not be made without taking into account the limitations outlined in the
discussion section of the 2022-2023 ECDC PPS report. The country rank and corresponding percentiles of the indicators
in section IV of the country summary sheets are primarily given to facilitate discussions about underlying factors that
may explain inter-country differences such as differences in case-mix severity, hospital types, healthcare systems,
interpretation of definitions, cultural aspects, under- and overreporting or selection bias.
Legend
Section IV (Indicators)
Shows a mean, a percentage or a ratio. The mean is the pooled (aggregated) mean, not the
Mean hospital mean (mean of values by hospital). For example, the mean number of fulltime equivalent
IPC nurses per 250 beds is the sum of all FTE IPC nurse for the country x 250 / total number of
beds in participating hospitals for the country.
Shows the hospital median of the indicator. It is not applicable when the mean shows a
Hosp. P50
percentage of hospitals. The hospital median shows the “middle” value, separating the lower
50% of hospitals from the higher 50% hospitals.
N cntr Number of countries that reported the indicator .
Rank Shows the position of the country out of all countries that reported the indicator, with position 1
being the highest.
Percentile Rank converted to a percentile (position if there were 100 countries)
Colour legend:
Negative (`more is bad’) indicators:
95 percentile 90-100
75 percentile 75-<90
60 percentile >50-<75
45 percentile >25-50
5 percentile 1-10
Positive (`more is good’) indicators:

95 percentile 90-100
75 percentile 75-<90
60 percentile >50-<75
5 percentile 1-10
Austria
PPS data from 01 Sep 2021 to 22 Jan 2022
Number of hospitals 41
Standard protocol 41
Light protocol 0
Number of patients 9161
I. Hospital characteristics
Table 1. Types of hospitals Table 2. Size of the hospitals and average length of stay
Hospital type N % hosp % pts Median [IQR]
Primary 20 48.8 29.8 Size (number of beds) 233 [ 150- 434]
Secondary 12 29.3 49.6 Average length of stay (days)* 4.8 [4.0-5.8]
Tertiary 1 2.4 12.3 *Hospital statistics of year preceding PPS
Specialised 8 19.5 8.3
Unknown 0 0.0 0.0
% hosp=% hospitals, % pts=% patients included in PPS
II. Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and antimicrobial reCount

Table 3. HAI prevalence and key results Table 4. Origin of HAIs
Number of patients with HAI 440 Origin of HAI N HAIs Rel% Pts HAI
HAI prevalence % (95%CI) 4.8 (3.4-6.8) HAI present on admission 98 21.4 93
N of HAIs 459 Origin of HAI=Same hospital 30 30.6 29
N of HAIs per infected patient 1.04 Origin of HAI=Other hospital 44 44.9 44
N HAIs with microorganism (%) 295 (64.3) Origin of HAI=LTCF 12 12.2 9
Total N of reported microorg. 386 Origin of HAI=Other/unknown 12 12.2 11
N=number HAI during current hospitalisation 361 78.6 347
Missing 0 0
Figure 1. Distribution of types of HAI N HAIs=number of HAIs, Rel%=% of total number of HAIs,
Pts HAI=N patients with HAI, HAI%=HAI prevalence % within category
LTCF=long-term care facility
Table 5. HAI prevalence by specialty

N pts Rel% N pts
Specialty with HAI
Surgery 3076 33.6 147
Medicine 3909 42.7 169
Intensive care* 447 4.9 94
Paediatrics 183 2 2
Obstetrics and gynaecology 523 5.7 5
[1] incl. COVID-19 (2.6%) Healthy babies 198 2.2 0
[2] incl. catheter-related bloodstream infections (5.0%) Geriatrics 208 2.3 12
[3] incl. C. difficile infections (0.0%) Psychiatry 460 5 7
[4] incl. clinical sepsis (2.0%) Rehabilitation/Other 157 1.7 4
LRT=lower respiratory tract N pts=number of patients, Rel%=% of total N pts, N pts with HAI=
Slice percentages <3.0% not shown N pts with at least one HAI, HAI%=HAI prevalence % for specialty
*includes non-intensive care specialties in intensive care units
Figure 2. Top ten microorganisms isolated in HAIs
Table 6. Percentage of antimicrobial resistance
for selected microorganism-antimicrobial combinations
Microorganism /Resistance N isol. N test. NR
Staphylococcus aureus / MRSA 37 34 1
Enterococci / VRE 65 61 1
Enterococcus faecalis / VAN-R 39 38 0
Enterococcus faecium / VAN-R 23 21 1
Enterobacterales / 3GC-R 118 106 27
Escherichia coli / 3GC-R 50 48 7
Klebsiella spp. / 3GC-R 41 33 10
Enterobacter spp. / 3GC-R 11 9 4
Enterobacterales / CAR-R 118 110 3
Escherichia coli / CAR-R 50 48 0
Klebsiella spp. / CAR-R 41 37 3
Enterobacter spp. / CAR-R 11 9 0
Pseudomonas aeruginosa / CAR-R 30 28 6
Acinetobacter baumannii / CAR-R 1 1 0
N=number, N isol.=total N of isolates, N test.= N of isolates with known
susceptibility results, R=resistant, N R=N of R isolates,
% R=N R/N test. (not shown if N test.<10 isolates),
MRSA=meticillin-resistant S. aureus, VAN=vancomycin,
3GC=third-generation cephalosporin, CAR=carbapenem
Austria (continued)
III. Antimicrobial use (AU)
Table 7. Antimicrobial use (AU) prevalence Table 8. Antimicrobial use (AU) prevalence by specialty
N of patients with antimicrobials 2752 N pts
AU prevalence % (95%CI) 30.0 (26.7-33.6) Specialty
N of antimicrobials 3414 Surgery 3076
N of antimicrobials per patient 1.24 Medicine 3909
N Rel% Intensive care* 447
Reason in patient charts/notes, yes 2784 81.5 Paediatrics 183
Reason in patient charts/notes, no 627 18.4 Obstetrics and gynaecology 523
Reason in patient charts/notes, unknown 3 0.1 Healthy babies 198
Route of administration, parenteral 2827 82.8 Geriatrics 208
Route of administration, oral 560 16.4 Psychiatry 460
Route of administration, other/unknown 27 0.8 Rehabilitation/Other 157
N=number, Rel%=percentage of total N of antimicrobials N pts=number of patients, Rel%=% of total N patients, with AU=
with at least one antimicrobial, AU%=AU prevalence for specialty
Figure 3. Site of diagnosis for antimicrobial treatment *includes non-intensive care specialties in intensive care units
Table 9. Indication for antimicrobial use (AU)

HAI% Indication N pts
1 Treatment 1823
0.3 Community infection 1270
0.5 Hospital infection 509
0.1 Long-term care/other HAI 54
0.1 Surgical prophylaxis 548
3.8 Single dose 229
One day 37
>1 day 282
% within category Medical prophylaxis 207
Other indication 111
Unknown 128
AU%=AU prevalence % for indication, AMs=antimicrobial agents
HAI% Rel%=% of total N of AMs
4.8 LTCF=long-term care facility Figure 5. Top ten antimicrobial agents (AMs)
4.3
21.0 Figure 4. Distribution of antibacterials for systemic use (J01)
1.1
1.0
0.0
5.8
1.5
2.5
%R Table 10. Prevalence of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs)

2.9 and antimicrobial use (AU) by patient risk factors (std. protocol)
1.6 Patient risk factor N pts Rel% Pts HAI HAI % Pts AU AU %
0.0 Male gender 4395 48.0 229 5.2 1470 33.4
4.8 Age, <1 year 371 4.0 8 2.2 40 10.8
25.5 Age, 1-44 years 1604 17.5 44 2.7 369 23.0
14.6 Age, ≥45 years 7184 78.4 388 5.4 2342 32.6
30.3 Length of stay, 1-3 days 3073 33.5 71 2.3 778 25.3
. Length of stay, 4-7 days 2323 25.4 105 4.5 769 33.1
0.0 Length of stay, ≥15 days 1899 20.7 162 8.5 539 28.4
8.1 Length of stay, Missing/Unknown 0 0.0 0 . 0 .
. McCabe score, non fatal 5842 63.8 204 3.5 1565 26.8
21.4 McCabe score, ultimately fatal 1883 20.6 155 8.2 721 38.3
. McCabe score, rapidly fatal 288 3.1 45 15.6 146 50.7
olates with known McCabe score, missing/Unknown 1148 12.5 36 3.1 320 27.9
Surgery since hospital admission 2552 27.9 192 7.5 985 38.6
Central vascular catheter 1098 12.0 184 16.8 658 59.9
Urinary catheter 1667 18.2 214 12.8 917 55.0
Intubation 187 2.0 50 26.7 139 74.3
Total 9161 100.0 440 4.8 2752 30.0
N pts=number of patients, Rel%=% of total, Pts HAI=N patients with at least one HAI,
Pts AU= N patients with AU, HAI%/AU%= HAI/AU prevalence % within category
Austria (continued)
IV. Indicators (for legend, see Introduction) AT EU/EEA
e (AU) prevalence by specialty
Rel% N pts AU% N N
with AU hosp Mean Med. cntr
33.6 999 32.5 HAI/AMR indicators
42.7 1262 32.3 HAI prevalence, non corrected (% patients with HAI) 41 4.8 3.8 28
4.9 290 64.9 Primary hospitals 20 3.8 3.2 23
2.0 34 18.6 Secondary hospitals 12 3.9 3.8 28
5.7 96 18.4 Tertiary hospitals 1 11.3 11.3 27
2.2 0 0.0 Specialised hospitals/unknown 8 4.1 4.2 22
2.3 29 13.9 Standardised HAI ratio (observed/predicted N of HAIs) 41 0.69 0.6 28
5.0 17 3.7 HAI prevalence, corrected after validation (% patients with HAI) 5 7.4 - 16
1.7 25 15.9 HAI prevalence, PPS2-adjusted (1) (% patients with HAI) 41 4.6 3.7 28
el%=% of total N patients, with AU= Composite index of AMR (% antimicrobial-resistant isolates) 41 15.4 0.0 26
al, AU%=AU prevalence for specialty Enterobacterales resistant to carbapenems (%) 41 2.7 0.0 25
specialties in intensive care units C. difficile infections (% of total N of HAIs) 41 3.7 0.0 27
Infection prevention and control (IPC) indicators
timicrobial use (AU) IPC plan approved by hospital CEO (% hospitals) 39 64.1 - 25
AU% N AMs Rel% IPC report approved by hospital CEO (% hospitals) 39 71.8 - 25
19.9 2300 67.4 Number of FTE IPC nurses per 250 beds 40 1.34 1.34 26
13.9 1552 45.5 Hospitals without IPC nurse (%) 40 0.0 - 26
5.6 685 20.1 Number of FTE IPC doctors per 250 beds 39 0.58 0.58 26
0.6 63 1.8 Hospitals without IPC doctor (%) 39 12.8 - 26
6.0 602 17.6 Number of blood cultures per 1000 patient-days 40 44.2 19.5 24
2.5 237 6.9 Number of stool tests for CDI per 1000 patient-days 39 5.9 3.6 24
0.4 42 1.2 Microbiological support at weekends (% hospitals) 38 52.6 - 25
3.1 323 9.5 Participation in ≥1 HAI surveillance network (% hospitals) 41 87.8 - 23
2.3 244 7.1 Surveillance of surgical site infections 39 92.3 - 24
1.2 130 3.8 Surveillance of HAIs in ICUs 32 81.3 - 23
1.4 138 4.0 Surveillance of C. difficile infections 39 46.2 - 23
ndication, AMs=antimicrobial agents, Any automation of HAI surveillance (% hospitals) 41 61.0 - 21
Feasibility of digital HAI surveillance, score 40 8.5 8.0 21
Multimodal strategy IPCAF score 35 75.7 80.0 23
antimicrobial agents (AMs) Alcohol hand rub litres per 1000 patient-days, hospital-wide 41 75.3 60.7 25
Alcohol hand rub litres per 1000 patient-days, ICUs 26 192.0 197.0 20
Hand hygiene observations > median (% hospitals) 40 40.0 - 23
Beds with AHR dispensers at point of care (% beds) 39 45.3 47.7 24
Hospitals where ≥25% of HCWs carried AHR (% hospitals) 38 0.0 - 23
Bed occupancy at midnight (% beds) 38 72.1 70.1 24
Bed occupancy for previous year (% beds, denominator data) 41 65.8 62.9 28
Beds in single rooms (% beds) 40 12.4 10.5 26
N of airborne infection isolation rooms per 1000 beds 38 8.8 - 24
Vaccination coverage HCW COVID-19 (%) 26 83.4 85.5 22
Vaccination coverage HCW Influenza (%) 27 40.6 44.0 22
Universal masking score (0-2) 41 2.0 2.0 21
Composite index of quantitative IPC indicators 35 25.7 26.0 23
Composite index of qualitative IPC indicators 31 15.2 16.0 19
Antimicrobial use (AU) and antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) indicators
AU prevalence (% patients with AU) 41 30 26.9 28
Standardised AU ratio (observed/expected AU) 41 0.87 0.82 28
Broad-spectrum antibiotics (% of total antibiotics - ATC J01) 41 39.8 36.8 28
Surgical prophylaxis >1 day (% of antimicrobials this indication) 37 53.7 41.7 28
Medical prophylaxis (% of total antimicrobials) 41 7.1 1.6 28
Antimicrobials via parenteral route (% pf total antimicrobials) 41 82.8 83.3 28
Antimicrobials reviewed and changed during treatment (%) 38 20.3 12.5 26
Number of FTE antimicrobial stewardship per 250 beds 39 0.18 0.00 24
Hospitals with >0 FTE antimicrobial stewardship (% hospitals) 39 38.5 - 24
Post-prescription review procedure in ≥1 ward (% hospitals) 39 46.2 - 25
Participation in AMC surveillance network (% hospitals) 39 28.2 - 23
Composite index of quantitative AU/AMS indicators 38 20.5 20.0 26
Composite index of qualitative AU/AMS indicators 36 9.3 8.5 22
N hosp=N of hospitals in country, Mean=aggregated mean, percentage or ratio for country, Med.=median of hospitals
EU/EEA Med.: EU/EEA median of country means or medians, rank=country rank within EU/EEA (highest=rank 1), per
CEO=chief executive officer, FTE=full-time equivalent, IPC=infection prevention and control, ICU=intensive care unit,
infection, IPCAF=WHO IPC assessment framework at facility level, AHR=alcohol-based hand rub, HCW=healthcare w
ASt=antimicrobial stewardship, (1) PPS2-adjusted HAI prevalence: HAI prevalence excluding HAIs which were not inc
in 2016-2017, i.e. excluding healthcare-associated COVID-19 and HAIs imported from long-term care facilities
EU/EEA AT rank AT percentile
Med. of Med. of
country country
means medians Mean Med. Mean Med.
6.8 5.8 22 22 23 23
4.8 4.0 17 18 28 24
6.6 5.9 23 22 20 23
7.5 6.9 5 4 83 87
6.1 5.3 16 14 30 39
0.94 0.85 22 22 23 23
7.7 - 10.5 - 38 -
6.2 5.1 21 22 27 23
21.8 24.3 20 24 25 13
3.4 0.0 15 16 42 43
3.7 0.0 14 18 50 35
79.5 - 19 - 26 -
80.00 - 17 - 34 -
1.25 1.36 12 14 56 48
2.6 - 20.5 - 23 -
0.45 0.30 10 6 63 79
18.6 - 16 - 40 -
44.7 36.0 13 20 48 19
6.0 5.0 13 16 48 35
66.7 - 18.5 - 28 -
57.4 - 3 - 89 -
23.3 - 1 - 98 -
28.6 - 1 - 98 -
46.2 - 12 - 50 -
35.3 - 4 - 83 -
9.4 9.0 16 16 26 26
69.3 80.0 7 9.5 72 61
37.4 35.8 2 4 94 86
98.7 95.9 1 1 98 98
45.8 - 14 - 41 -
49.2 48.8 16 15 35 40
10.0 - 21.5 - 9 -
73.4 70.1 16 13 35 50
65.6 62.6 14 13 52 55
15.8 11.3 16 16 40 40
16.0 - 18 - 27 -
75.9 83.3 9 10 61 57
32.1 24.5 7 5 70 80
1.5 2.0 2 6 93 74
25.7 25.5 12 10.5 50 57
12.7 14.0 2 3.5 92 84
36.0 36.5 20 24 30 16
1.01 1.01 23 24 20 16
44.3 40.8 18 18 38 38
38.1 34.5 11 12 63 59
8.4 4.4 17 26 41 9
77.4 79.0 11 13 63 55
19.5 15.9 12 19 56 29
0.30 0.00 18 18 27 27
47.4 - 16 - 35 -
. - 15 - 42 -
37.5 - 14 - 41 -
20.2 19.3 11 11 60 60
11.5 11.0 16 14 30 39
ntry, Med.=median of hospitals, N cnt= N of countries,
EU/EEA (highest=rank 1), percentile=country percentile
ntrol, ICU=intensive care unit, CDI= Clostridioides difficile
hand rub, HCW=healthcare worker, AU=antimicrobial use
uding HAIs which were not included in the second ECDC PPS
ong-term care facilities
Belgium
PPS data from 01 Sep 2022 to 15 Dec 2022
Light protocol 0
Unknown 0 0.0 0.0
II. Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and antimicrobial resistance

Missing 6 0.6

N pts Rel% N pts
Specialty with HAI
Surgery 1965 19.4 183
Medicine 3096 30.5 285
Paediatrics 536 5.3 13
[3] incl. C. difficile infections (0.0%) Psychiatry 722 7.1 16
Belgium (continued)
Reason in patient charts/notes, yes 2840 80 Paediatrics 536
Reason in patient charts/notes, no 675 19 Obstetrics and gynaecology 463
Reason in patient charts/notes, unknown 34 1 Healthy babies 242

2.7 Treatment 2351
6.5 Single dose 200
One day 129
>1 day 97
Other indication 25
Unknown 40
9.2
2.4
1.9
0.4
12.7
2.2
7.5

4.9 Male gender 4658 45.9 482 10.3 1515 32.5
9.1 Age, <1 year 670 6.6 25 3.7 103 15.4
26.1 Age, 1-44 years 1825 18.0 91 5.0 497 27.2
22.6 Age, ≥45 years 7647 75.4 821 10.7 2372 31.0
5.3 McCabe score, non fatal 7026 69.3 473 6.7 1813 25.8
Intubation 207 2.0 75 36.2 126 60.9
Total 10142 100.0 937 9.2 2972 29.3
Belgium (continued)
IV. Indicators (for legend, see Introduction) BE EU/EEA
Rel% N pts AU% N N
7.1 22 3.0 HAI prevalence, corrected after validation (% patients with HAI) . . - 16
AU prevalence (% patients with AU) 49 29.3 29.7 28
Surgical prophylaxis >1 day (% of antimicrobials this indication) 37 22.7 20 28
EU/EEA BE rank BE percentile
Med. of Med. of
country country
6.8 5.8 6 4 80 88
4.8 4.0 4 7 85 72
6.6 5.9 5 4 84 88
7.5 6.9 4 6 87 80
6.1 5.3 6 5 75 80
0.94 0.85 4 3 88 91
7.7 -. - . -
6.2 5.1 6 7 80 77
21.8 24.3 16 15 40 46
3.4 0.0 14 16 46 43
3.7 0.0 19 18 31 35
79.5 - 1.5 - 96 -
80.00 - 3 - 90 -
1.25 1.36 21 20 21 25
2.6 - 20.5 - 23 -
0.45 0.30 17 12 37 56
18.6 - 25 - 6 -
44.7 36.0 2 2 94 94
6.0 5.0 6 10 77 60
66.7 - 3 - 90 -
57.4 - 4 - 85 -
23.3 - 14 - 44 -
28.6 - 11 - 54 -
46.2 - 4 - 85 -
35.3 - 3 - 88 -
9.4 9.0 6 5.5 74 76
69.3 80.0 6 4 76 85
37.4 35.8 10 13 62 50
98.7 95.9 12 11 43 48
45.8 - 12 - 50 -
49.2 48.8 9 20 65 19
10.0 - 17 - 28 -
73.4 70.1 15 10 40 62
65.6 62.6 23 18 20 38
15.8 11.3 5 4 83 87
16.0 - 10 - 60 -
75.9 83.3 10 13.5 57 41
32.1 24.5 8 10 66 57
1.5 2.0 6 6 74 74
25.7 25.5 8 8 67 67
12.7 14.0 1 1.5 97 95
36.0 36.5 23 22 20 23
1.01 1.01 17 16 41 45
44.3 40.8 20 17 30 41
38.1 34.5 25 24.5 13 14
8.4 4.4 20 15 30 48
77.4 79.0 24 24 16 16
19.5 15.9 9 6 67 79
0.30 0.00 9 8 65 69
47.4 - 4 - 85 -
. - 22 - 14 -
37.5 - 1 - 98 -
20.2 19.3 6 7 79 75
11.5 11.0 1 4 98 84
Bulgaria
PPS data from 24 Apr 2023 to 22 Jun 2023
Light protocol 0
Unknown 0 0.0 0.0

N of HAIs 171 Origin of HAI=Same hospital 19 50 19
N HAIs with microorganism (%) 159 (93.0) Origin of HAI=LTCF 0 0 0
N=number HAI during current hospitalisation 130 76 108
Missing 3 1.8

N pts Rel% N pts
Specialty with HAI
Surgery 1146 28.8 28
Medicine 1750 44 40
[2] incl. catheter-related bloodstream infections (9.4%) Geriatrics 0 0 0
Bulgaria (continued)

0.9 Treatment 1306
0 Long-term care/other HAI 15
2.7 Single dose 45
One day 54
>1 day 213
Other indication 22
Unknown 6
2.3
2.4
1.0
0.0
.
2.4
0.0

0.0 Male gender 1935 48.7 86 4.4 1009 52.1
. Age, <1 year 203 5.1 7 3.4 122 60.1
66.1 Age, 1-44 years 935 23.5 24 2.6 472 50.5
41.7 Age, ≥45 years 2839 71.4 116 4.1 1310 46.1
82.8 McCabe score, rapidly fatal 120 3.0 28 23.3 94 78.3
Intubation 154 3.9 53 34.4 143 92.9
Total 3977 100.0 147 3.7 1904 47.9
Bulgaria (continued)
IV. Indicators (for legend, see Introduction) BG EU/EEA
Rel% N pts AU% N N
7.8 266 85.5 Primary hospitals 0 . . 23
0.7 5 19.2 Specialised hospitals/unknown 0 . . 22
0.0 0 . Standardised HAI ratio (observed/predicted N of HAIs) 23 0.68 0.27 28
Broad-spectrum antibiotics (% of total antibiotics - ATC J01) 23 56 57.7 28
EU/EEA BG rank BG percentile
Med. of Med. of
country country
6.8 5.8 26 28 9 2
4.8 4.0 . . . .
6.6 5.9 27 28 5 2
7.5 6.9 26 26 6 6
6.1 5.3 . . . .
0.94 0.85 24 28 16 2
7.7 - 15 - 9 -
6.2 5.1 26 28 9 2
21.8 24.3 4 5 87 83
3.4 0.0 3 3 90 91
3.7 0.0 8 18 72 35
79.5 - 7 - 74 -
80.00 - 8 - 70 -
1.25 1.36 19 23 29 13
2.6 - 4 - 87 -
0.45 0.30 3 13 90 52
18.6 - 8 - 71 -
44.7 36.0 21 22 15 10
6.0 5.0 23 23 6 6
66.7 - 21 - 18 -
57.4 - 18 - 24 -
23.3 - 15 - 40 -
28.6 - 14.5 - 39 -
46.2 - 16 - 33 -
35.3 - 15.5 - 29 -
9.4 9.0 19 18 12 17
69.3 80.0 9 13.5 63 43
37.4 35.8 22 23 14 10
98.7 95.9 20 20 3 3
45.8 - 16 - 33 -
49.2 48.8 22 23 10 6
10.0 - 3 - 89 -
73.4 70.1 22 21 10 18
65.6 62.6 26 24 9 16
15.8 11.3 20 21 25 21
16.0 - 7 - 73 -
75.9 83.3 19 21 16 7
32.1 24.5 21 21 7 7
1.5 2.0 10 6 55 74
25.7 25.5 23 23 2 2
12.7 14.0 9 13 55 34
36.0 36.5 3 3 91 91
1.01 1.01 3 5 91 84
44.3 40.8 6 3 80 91
38.1 34.5 4 2 88 95
8.4 4.4 6 21 80 27
77.4 79.0 2 1 95 98
19.5 15.9 26 26 2 2
0.30 0.00 10 18 60 27
47.4 - 18 - 27 -
. - 2 - 94 -
37.5 - 19 - 20 -
20.2 19.3 25.5 25 4 6
11.5 11.0 14 18 39 20
Croatia
PPS data from 02 May 2023 to 31 May 2023
Light protocol 9
Unknown 0 0.0 0.0

Missing 6 0.9

N pts Rel% N pts
Specialty with HAI
Surgery 2383 29.5 160
Medicine 3026 37.5 243
Croatia (continued)

1.3 Treatment 1996
5.8 Single dose 169
One day 79
>1 day 327
Unknown 78
8.0
1.8
1.0
1.0
0.0
4.6
3.9

4.0 Male gender 2179 50.5 189 8.7 1093 50.2
24.0 Age, <1 year 194 4.5 7 3.6 63 32.5
38.1 Age, 1-44 years 837 19.4 29 3.5 332 39.7
25.0 Age, ≥45 years 3284 76.1 280 8.5 1658 50.5
45.3 Length of stay, Missing/Unknown 12 0.3 0 0.0 4 33.3
Intubation 133 3.1 41 30.8 110 82.7
Total 4315 100.0 316 7.3 2053 47.6
Croatia (continued)
IV. Indicators (for legend, see Introduction) HR EU/EEA
Rel% N pts AU% N N
0.1 4 66.7 Standardised HAI ratio (observed/predicted N of HAIs) 31 1 0.95 28
Antimicrobials reviewed and changed during treatment (%) 29 16 16 26
EU/EEA HR rank HR percentile
Med. of Med. of
country country
6.8 5.8 12 12 59 59
4.8 4.0 1 2 98 93
6.6 5.9 15 16 48 45
7.5 6.9 16 17 43 39
6.1 5.3 . . . .
0.94 0.85 12 11 59 63
7.7 -. - . -
6.2 5.1 10 11 66 63
21.8 24.3 9 7.5 67 74
3.4 0.0 5 16 82 43
3.7 0.0 7 6 76 80
79.5 - 6 - 78 -
80.00 - 3 - 90 -
1.25 1.36 20 18 25 33
2.6 - 20.5 - 23 -
0.45 0.30 12 15 56 44
18.6 - 14 - 48 -
44.7 36.0 18 15 27 40
6.0 5.0 19 12 23 52
66.7 - 22.5 - 12 -
57.4 - 10 - 59 -
23.3 - 7 - 73 -
28.6 - 8 - 67 -
46.2 - 8 - 67 -
35.3 - 17 - 21 -
9.4 9.0 13 12.5 40 43
69.3 80.0 19 15.5 20 35
37.4 35.8 16 14 38 46
98.7 95.9 9 10 58 53
45.8 - 9 - 63 -
49.2 48.8 15 16 40 35
10.0 - 7 - 72 -
73.4 70.1 18 18 27 30
65.6 62.6 21 19 27 34
15.8 11.3 23 23 13 13
16.0 - 20 - 19 -
75.9 83.3 12 15.5 48 32
32.1 24.5 18 18 20 20
1.5 2.0 9 6 60 74
25.7 25.5 14 16 41 33
12.7 14.0 11 8.5 45 58
36.0 36.5 11 7 63 77
1.01 1.01 8 3 73 91
44.3 40.8 14 14 52 52
38.1 34.5 7 8 77 73
8.4 4.4 1 10 98 66
77.4 79.0 8 12 73 59
19.5 15.9 18 13 33 52
0.30 0.00 17 18 31 27
47.4 - 22 - 10 -
. - 24 - 6 -
37.5 - 6 - 76 -
20.2 19.3 21 20.5 21 23
11.5 11.0 18 18 20 20
Cyprus
Light protocol 0
Unknown 1 10.0 6.3

Missing 2 1.2

N pts Rel% N pts
Specialty with HAI
Surgery 320 27.3 35
Medicine 521 44.4 75
Paediatrics 70 6 3
Cyprus (continued)
Route of administration, parenteral 939 90 Geriatrics 0

4.6 Treatment 440
9 Single dose 14
One day 24
>1 day 111
Other indication 12
Unknown 18
14.4
4.3
0.0
0.0
.
0.0
29.4

. Male gender 610 52.0 88 14.4 355 58.2
. Age, <1 year 99 8.4 12 12.1 28 28.3
65.6 Age, 1-44 years 305 26.0 15 4.9 161 52.8
. Age, ≥45 years 769 65.6 135 17.6 474 61.6
. Length of stay, ≥15 days 208 17.7 57 27.4 120 57.7
Intubation 78 6.6 36 46.2 67 85.9
Total 1173 100.0 162 13.8 663 56.5
Cyprus (continued)
IV. Indicators (for legend, see Introduction) CY EU/EEA
Rel% N pts AU% N N
Antimicrobials via parenteral route (% pf total antimicrobials) 10 90 92.1 28
EU/EEA CY rank CY percentile
Med. of Med. of
country country
6.8 5.8 1 1 98 98
4.8 4.0 22 20 7 15
6.6 5.9 4 5 88 84
7.5 6.9 1 1 98 98
6.1 5.3 2 2 93 93
0.94 0.85 1 2 98 95
7.7 -. - . -
6.2 5.1 1 1 98 98
21.8 24.3 3 2 90 94
3.4 0.0 4 16 86 43
3.7 0.0 6 7 80 76
79.5 - 25 - 2 -
80.00 - 23 - 10 -
1.25 1.36 2 2 94 94
2.6 - 9 - 67 -
0.45 0.30 22 24.5 17 8
18.6 - 1 - 98 -
44.7 36.0 12 9 52 65
6.0 5.0 9 3 65 90
66.7 - 13 - 50 -
57.4 - 21 - 11 -
23.3 - 16 - 35 -
28.6 - 21.5 - 9 -
46.2 - 19 - 20 -
35.3 - 21 - 2 -
9.4 9.0 21 20.5 2 5
69.3 80.0 16 17 33 28
37.4 35.8 4 5 86 82
98.7 95.9 4 6 83 73
45.8 - 22.5 - 4 -
49.2 48.8 17 11 31 56
10.0 - 12 - 50 -
73.4 70.1 11 12 56 54
65.6 62.6 9 17 70 41
15.8 11.3 13 17 52 37
16.0 - 17 - 31 -
75.9 83.3 13 15.5 43 32
32.1 24.5 17 16 25 30
1.5 2.0 5 6 79 74
25.7 25.5 5 5.5 80 78
12.7 14.0 13 5 34 76
36.0 36.5 1 2 98 95
1.01 1.01 4 2 88 95
44.3 40.8 2 4 95 88
38.1 34.5 2 4 95 88
8.4 4.4 12 4 59 88
77.4 79.0 3 3 91 91
19.5 15.9 16 15 40 44
0.30 0.00 11 18 56 27
47.4 - 21 - 15 -
. - 17.5 - 32 -
37.5 - 13 - 46 -
20.2 19.3 24 23.5 10 12
11.5 11.0 21 18 7 20
Czechia
PPS data from 02 May 2023 to 27 Jun 2023
Light protocol 0
Unknown 0 0.0 0.0

Missing 8 0.9

N pts Rel% N pts
Specialty with HAI
Surgery 3782 30.8 236
Medicine 4186 34 280
[1] incl. COVID-19 (0.3%) Healthy babies 249 2 1
Czechia (continued)
Route of administration, oral 1266 25 Psychiatry 490

1.1 Treatment 2740
5.6 Single dose 227
One day 117
>1 day 311
Other indication 58
Unknown 37
6.7
0.4
3.2
0.4
8.3
0.6
6.2

12.2 Male gender 5893 47.9 471 8.0 2048 34.8
19.0 Age, <1 year 549 4.5 16 2.9 61 11.1
38.6 Age, 1-44 years 2347 19.1 79 3.4 647 27.6
25.0 Age, ≥45 years 9400 76.4 733 7.8 3089 32.9
Intubation 339 2.8 103 30.4 218 64.3
Total 12296 100.0 828 6.7 3797 30.9
Czechia (continued)
IV. Indicators (for legend, see Introduction) CZ EU/EEA
Rel% N pts AU% N N
Bed occupancy at midnight (% beds) 39 - - 24
Broad-spectrum antibiotics (% of total antibiotics - ATC J01) 39 28.1 26 28
EU/EEA CZ rank CZ percentile
Med. of Med. of
country country
6.8 5.8 15 11 48 63
4.8 4.0 12 13 50 46
6.6 5.9 16 12 45 59
7.5 6.9 14 9 50 69
6.1 5.3 10 9 57 61
0.94 0.85 18 18 38 38
7.7 - 13 - 22 -
6.2 5.1 12 10 59 66
21.8 24.3 12 12 56 57
3.4 0.0 13 16 50 43
3.7 0.0 13 18 54 35
79.5 - 13 - 50 -
80.00 - 19 - 26 -
1.25 1.36 22 21 17 21
2.6 - 8 - 71 -
0.45 0.30 21 18 21 33
18.6 - 9 - 67 -
44.7 36.0 19 16 23 35
6.0 5.0 17 13 31 48
66.7 - 9 - 66 -
57.4 - 19 - 20 -
23.3 - 13 - 48 -
28.6 - 16 - 33 -
46.2 - 15 - 37 -
35.3 - 6 - 74 -
9.4 9.0 9 7 60 69
69.3 80.0 17 19 28 20
37.4 35.8 25 24 2 6
98.7 95.9 19 19 8 8
45.8 - 20 - 15 -
49.2 48.8 19 18 23 27
10.0 - 21.5 - 9 -
73.4 70.1 - - - -
65.6 62.6 22 15 23 48
15.8 11.3 18 20 33 25
16.0 - 22 - 10 -
75.9 83.3 17 12 25 48
32.1 24.5 19 20 16 11
1.5 2.0 18 19.5 17 10
25.7 25.5 19 19 20 20
12.7 14.0 15 13 24 34
36.0 36.5 18 21 38 27
1.01 1.01 24 23 16 20
44.3 40.8 25 25 13 13
38.1 34.5 12 9.5 59 68
8.4 4.4 9 8 70 73
77.4 79.0 18 18 38 38
19.5 15.9 15 11 44 60
0.30 0.00 2 2 94 94
47.4 - 5 - 81 -
. - 3 - 90 -
37.5 - 17 - 28 -
20.2 19.3 4 4.5 87 85
11.5 11.0 6 4 75 84
Estonia
Light protocol 9
Unknown 0 0.0 0.0

Missing 0 0

N pts Rel% N pts
Specialty with HAI
Surgery 821 21.2 53
Medicine 1600 41.3 100
[4] incl. clinical sepsis (1.7%) Rehabilitation/Other 310 8 13
Estonia (continued)
Route of administration, other/unknown 0 0 Rehabilitation/Other 310

1.7 Treatment 927
3.7 Single dose 66
One day 35
>1 day 19
Other indication 23
Unknown 64
6.3
0.0
3.7
0.0
1.0
0.5
4.2

. Patient risk factor N pts Rel% Pts HAI HAI % Pts AU AU %
. Male gender 559 46.5 29 5.2 180 32.2
. Age, <1 year 18 1.5 0 0.0 0 0.0
24.3 Age, 1-44 years 195 16.2 5 2.6 39 20.0
18.8 Age, ≥45 years 989 82.3 55 5.6 337 34.1
Intubation 15 1.2 6 40.0 13 86.7
Total 1202 100.0 60 5.0 376 31.3
Estonia (continued)
IV. Indicators (for legend, see Introduction) EE EU/EEA
Rel% N pts AU% N N
Medical prophylaxis (% of total antimicrobials) 20 2.8 0 28
EU/EEA EE rank EE percentile
Med. of Med. of
country country
6.8 5.8 21 17 27 41
4.8 4.0 13 21 46 11
6.6 5.9 20 20 30 30
7.5 6.9 20 22 28 20
6.1 5.3 4 4 84 84
0.94 0.85 21 21 27 27
7.7 - 12 - 28 -
6.2 5.1 20 20 30 30
21.8 24.3 14 24 48 13
3.4 0.0 23.5 16 8 43
3.7 0.0 16 18 43 35
79.5 - 24 - 6 -
80.00 - 22 - 14 -
1.25 1.36 16 19 40 29
2.6 - 5 - 83 -
0.45 0.30 9 16 67 40
18.6 - 6 - 79 -
44.7 36.0 14 11 44 56
6.0 5.0 14 14 44 44
66.7 - 18.5 - 28 -
57.4 - 15 - 37 -
23.3 - 18 - 27 -
28.6 - 12 - 50 -
46.2 - 13 - 46 -
35.3 - 11 - 50 -
9.4 9.0 14 16 36 26
69.3 80.0 23 19 2 20
37.4 35.8 19 20 26 22
98.7 95.9 11 14 48 33
45.8 - 21 - 11 -
49.2 48.8 14 17 44 31
10.0 - 11 - 54 -
73.4 70.1 12 15 52 42
65.6 62.6 18 10 38 66
15.8 11.3 10 10 63 63
16.0 - 8 - 69 -
75.9 83.3 8 8 66 66
32.1 24.5 5 6 80 75
1.5 2.0 15 14.5 31 33
25.7 25.5 16 16 33 33
12.7 14.0 19 19 3 3
36.0 36.5 22 19 23 34
1.01 1.01 21 20 27 30
44.3 40.8 26 27 9 5
38.1 34.5 28 28 2 2
8.4 4.4 28 27.5 2 4
77.4 79.0 13 15 55 48
19.5 15.9 4 16 87 40
0.30 0.00 14 18 44 27
47.4 - 13 - 48 -
. - 12 - 54 -
37.5 - 20 - 15 -
20.2 19.3 3 3 90 90
11.5 11.0 17 18 25 20
Finland
PPS data from 13 Oct 2022 to 30 Nov 2022
Light protocol 0
Unknown 0 0.0 0.0

Missing 1 0.2

N pts Rel% N pts
Specialty with HAI
Surgery 2204 29.1 228
Medicine 2750 36.4 214
Finland (continued)

2.6 Treatment 2038
4.8 Single dose 272
One day 74
>1 day 119
Other indication 36
Unknown 20
7.8
3.8
3.7
0.0
7.9
1.9
7.5

0.0 Male gender 3662 48.4 317 8.7 1495 40.8
. Age, <1 year 499 6.6 17 3.4 63 12.6
22.1 Age, 1-44 years 1890 25.0 78 4.1 458 24.2
10.8 Age, ≥45 years 5175 68.4 466 9.0 2223 43.0
Intubation 101 1.3 28 27.7 72 71.3
Total 7564 100.0 561 7.4 2744 36.3
Finland (continued)
IV. Indicators (for legend, see Introduction) FI EU/EEA
Rel% N pts AU% N N
Alcohol hand rub litres per 1000 patient-days, ICUs 0- - 20
Antimicrobials via parenteral route (% pf total antimicrobials) 39 71 71.1 28
EU/EEA FI rank FI percentile
Med. of Med. of
country country
6.8 5.8 10 9 66 70
4.8 4.0 5 4 80 85
6.6 5.9 11 6 63 80
7.5 6.9 13 16 54 43
6.1 5.3 21 19 7 16
0.94 0.85 6 9 80 70
7.7 -. - . -
6.2 5.1 11 9 63 70
21.8 24.3 23 18 13 35
3.4 0.0 10 16 62 43
3.7 0.0 20 18 28 35
79.5 - 16 - 38 -
80.00 - 15 - 42 -
1.25 1.36 3 3 90 90
2.6 - 20.5 - 23 -
0.45 0.30 1 1 98 98
18.6 - 20 - 25 -
44.7 36.0 1 1 98 98
6.0 5.0 2 7 94 73
66.7 - 4 - 86 -
57.4 - 6 - 76 -
23.3 - 3 - 90 -
28.6 - 13 - 46 -
46.2 - 5 - 80 -
35.3 - 2 - 93 -
9.4 9.0 2 1.5 93 95
69.3 80.0 11 6 54 76
37.4 35.8 3 3 90 90
98.7 95.9 - - - -
45.8 - 5 - 80 -
49.2 48.8 5 7 81 73
10.0 - 13 - 46 -
73.4 70.1 2 2 94 94
65.6 62.6 11 9 63 70
15.8 11.3 8 8 71 71
16.0 - 2 - 94 -
75.9 83.3 5 5.5 80 77
32.1 24.5 1 1 98 98
1.5 2.0 13 14.5 40 33
25.7 25.5 1 1 98 98
12.7 14.0 4 1.5 82 95
36.0 36.5 14 11 52 63
1.01 1.01 12 10 59 66
44.3 40.8 27 26 5 9
38.1 34.5 23 19 20 34
8.4 4.4 14 12 52 59
77.4 79.0 20 21 30 27
19.5 15.9 6 4 79 87
0.30 0.00 7 18 73 27
47.4 - 15 - 40 -
. - 8 - 70 -
37.5 - 12 - 50 -
20.2 19.3 2 1.5 94 96
11.5 11.0 11 9 52 61
France
PPS data from 12 May 2022 to 11 Aug 2022
Light protocol 0
Unknown 0 0.0 0.0

HAI prevalence % (95%CI) 6.4 (5.6-7.3) HAI present on admission 304 26 287
N of HAIs per infected patient 1.06 Origin of HAI=Other hospital 73 24 70
Missing 2 0.2

N pts Rel% N pts
Specialty with HAI
Surgery 2793 16.2 193
Medicine 5749 33.4 408
France (continued)

1.7 Treatment 3255
4.7 Single dose 118
One day 19
>1 day 144
Other indication 76
Unknown 64
7.1
1.0
0.5
0.0
9.1
1.4
6.7

1.5 Male gender 8226 47.7 593 7.2 2145 26.1
5.3 Age, <1 year 1101 6.4 16 1.5 71 6.4
21.6 Age, 1-44 years 2677 15.5 68 2.5 491 18.3
13.7 Age, ≥45 years 13457 78.1 1020 7.6 3355 24.9
Intubation 228 1.3 68 29.8 146 64.0
Total 17235 100.0 1104 6.4 3917 22.7
France (continued)
IV. Indicators (for legend, see Introduction) FR EU/EEA
Rel% N pts AU% N N
0.1 20 0.4 Microbiological support at weekends (% hospitals) 0- - 25
0.8 202 3.9 Participation in ≥1 HAI surveillance network (% hospitals) 0- - 23
0.4 98 1.9 Surveillance of HAIs in ICUs 0- - 23
0.4 78 1.5 Surveillance of C. difficile infections 61 - - 23
ndication, AMs=antimicrobial agents, Any automation of HAI surveillance (% hospitals) 0- - 21
Feasibility of digital HAI surveillance, score 0- - 21
Multimodal strategy IPCAF score 0- - 23
Hand hygiene observations > median (% hospitals) 0- - 23
Beds with AHR dispensers at point of care (% beds) 0- - 24
Hospitals where ≥25% of HCWs carried AHR (% hospitals) 0- - 23
N of airborne infection isolation rooms per 1000 beds 0- - 24
Vaccination coverage HCW COVID-19 (%) 0- - 22
Vaccination coverage HCW Influenza (%) 0- - 22
Universal masking score (0-2) 0- - 21
Composite index of quantitative IPC indicators 0- - 23
Composite index of qualitative IPC indicators 0- - 19
Post-prescription review procedure in ≥1 ward (% hospitals) 0- - 25
Participation in AMC surveillance network (% hospitals) 0- - 23
Composite index of qualitative AU/AMS indicators 0- - 22
EU/EEA FR rank FR percentile
Med. of Med. of
country country
6.8 5.8 17 16 41 45
4.8 4.0 9 9 63 63
6.6 5.9 18 17 38 41
7.5 6.9 15 15 46 46
6.1 5.3 8 7 66 70
0.94 0.85 11 10 63 66
7.7 - . - . -
6.2 5.1 19 16 34 45
21.8 24.3 17 17 37 39
3.4 0.0 17 16 34 43
3.7 0.0 23 18 17 35
79.5 - 8 - 70 -
80.00 - 10 - 62 -
1.25 1.36 18 17 33 37
2.6 - 20.5 - 23 -
0.45 0.30 13 9 52 67
18.6 - 21 - 21 -
44.7 36.0 3 3 90 90
6.0 5.0 10 15 60 40
66.7 - - - - -
57.4 - - - - -
23.3 - 5 - 81 -
28.6 - - - - -
46.2 - - - - -
35.3 - - - - -
9.4 9.0 - - - -
69.3 80.0 - - - -
37.4 35.8 9 8 66 70
98.7 95.9 - - - -
45.8 - - - - -
49.2 48.8 - - - -
10.0 - - -- -
73.4 70.1 - - - -
65.6 62.6 5 4 84 88
15.8 11.3 1 1 98 98
16.0 - - - - -
75.9 83.3 - - - -
32.1 24.5 - - - -
1.5 2.0 - - - -
25.7 25.5 - - - -
12.7 14.0 - - - -
36.0 36.5 27 27 5 5
1.01 1.01 26 27 9 5
44.3 40.8 10 13 66 55
38.1 34.5 9 13 70 55
8.4 4.4 18 11 38 63
77.4 79.0 26 26 9 9
19.5 15.9 8 8 71 71
0.30 0.00 8 7 69 73
47.4 - 3 - 90 -
. -- - - -
37.5 -- - - -
20.2 19.3 5 7 83 75
11.5 11.0 - - - -
Germany
PPS data from 03 May 2022 to 20 Jul 2022
Standard protocol 0
Light protocol 50
Unknown 0 0.0 0.0

Missing 0 0

N pts Rel% N pts
Specialty with HAI
Surgery 2990 33.8 120
Medicine 3402 38.4 154
Germany (continued)

1.3 Treatment 1669
2.9 Single dose 308
One day 22
>1 day 121
Other indication 29
Unknown 93
4.5
0.4
0.2
0.0
5.9
0.7
3.0

23.8
5.3 No patient risk factor data, light protocol option used for all hospitals
40.9
16.7
24.2
6.9
.
0.0
0.0
0.0
.
.
.
olates with known
Germany (continued)
IV. Indicators (for legend, see Introduction) DE EU/EEA
Rel% N pts AU% N N
Medical prophylaxis (% of total antimicrobials) 49 5 1.7 28
EU/EEA DE rank DE percentile
Med. of Med. of
country country
6.8 5.8 24 23 16 20
4.8 4.0 20 16 15 33
6.6 5.9 21 23 27 20
7.5 6.9 24 19 13 31
6.1 5.3 19 21.5 16 5
0.94 0.85 25 24 13 16
7.7 -. - . -
6.2 5.1 25 26 13 9
21.8 24.3 18 24 33 13
3.4 0.0 23.5 16 8 43
3.7 0.0 10 18 65 35
79.5 - 18 - 30 -
80.00 - 24 - 6 -
1.25 1.36 8 7 71 75
2.6 - 14 - 48 -
0.45 0.30 18 11 33 60
18.6 - 17 - 37 -
44.7 36.0 11 7 56 73
6.0 5.0 11 9 56 65
66.7 - 5 - 82 -
57.4 - 8 - 67 -
23.3 - 9 - 65 -
28.6 - 3 - 89 -
46.2 - 10 - 59 -
35.3 - 10 - 55 -
9.4 9.0 12 12.5 45 43
69.3 80.0 8 9.5 67 61
37.4 35.8 11 10 58 62
98.7 95.9 3 4 88 83
45.8 - 10 - 59 -
49.2 48.8 7 8 73 69
10.0 - 8.5 - 65 -
73.4 70.1 14 14 44 46
65.6 62.6 19 20 34 30
15.8 11.3 14 12 48 56
16.0 - 21 - 15 -
75.9 83.3 6 5.5 75 77
32.1 24.5 13 13 43 43
1.5 2.0 2 6 93 74
25.7 25.5 6 5.5 76 78
12.7 14.0 3 3.5 87 84
36.0 36.5 26 25 9 13
1.01 1.01 27 25 5 13
44.3 40.8 15 15 48 48
38.1 34.5 24 24.5 16 14
8.4 4.4 25 23 13 20
77.4 79.0 9 9 70 70
19.5 15.9 17 14 37 48
0.30 0.00 21 18 15 27
47.4 - 19 - 23 -
. - 13.5 - 48 -
37.5 - 5 - 80 -
20.2 19.3 9 13 67 52
11.5 11.0 12 12.5 48 45
Greece
PPS data from 13 Apr 2022 to 28 Dec 2022
Standard protocol 0
Light protocol 49
Unknown 1 2.0 5.3

Missing 22 1.6

N pts Rel% N pts
Specialty with HAI
Surgery 2987 32.2 240
Medicine 4473 48.3 587
Paediatrics 466 5 9
Greece (continued)

3.6 Treatment 3048
1 Community infection 1887
8.4 Single dose 70
One day 233
>1 day 849
Unknown 176
13.1
1.9
1.5
0.0
.
1.3
12.2

54.8
25.0 No patient risk factor data, light protocol option used for all hospitals
72.2
59.2
17.9
75.7
20.0
40.8
3.6
57.4
10.0
61.5
93.8
olates with known
Greece (continued)
IV. Indicators (for legend, see Introduction) EL EU/EEA
Rel% N pts AU% N N
EU/EEA EL rank EL percentile
Med. of Med. of
country country
6.8 5.8 2 5 95 84
4.8 4.0 2 1 93 98
6.6 5.9 7 18 77 38
7.5 6.9 2 2 94 94
6.1 5.3 7 11 70 52
0.94 0.85 2 7 95 77
7.7 - 1 - 97 -
6.2 5.1 2 5 95 84
21.8 24.3 2 3 94 91
3.4 0.0 2 2 94 94
3.7 0.0 12 18 57 35
79.5 - 14 - 46 -
80.00 - 16 - 38 -
1.25 1.36 13 12 52 56
2.6 - 12 - 56 -
0.45 0.30 11 24.5 60 8
18.6 - 2 - 94 -
44.7 36.0 6 8 77 69
6.0 5.0 15 19 40 23
66.7 - 12 - 54 -
57.4 - 20 - 15 -
23.3 - 20 - 19 -
28.6 - 14.5 - 39 -
46.2 - 20 - 15 -
35.3 - 12 - 45 -
9.4 9.0 15 12.5 31 43
69.3 80.0 13 13.5 46 43
37.4 35.8 5 1 82 98
98.7 95.9 8 9 63 58
45.8 - 15 - 37 -
49.2 48.8 12 12 52 52
10.0 - 18 - 24 -
73.4 70.1 20 24 19 6
65.6 62.6 24 25 16 13
15.8 11.3 24 24 10 10
16.0 - 19 - 23 -
75.9 83.3 7 7 70 70
32.1 24.5 11 11 52 52
1.5 2.0 2 6 93 74
25.7 25.5 13 12 46 50
12.7 14.0 12 8.5 39 58
36.0 36.5 2 1 95 98
1.01 1.01 1 1 98 98
44.3 40.8 3 6 91 80
38.1 34.5 3 3 91 91
8.4 4.4 8 6 73 80
77.4 79.0 1 2 98 95
19.5 15.9 20 23 25 13
0.30 0.00 1 18 98 27
47.4 - 17 - 31 -
. - 16 - 38 -
37.5 - 11 - 54 -
20.2 19.3 25.5 26 4 2
11.5 11.0 15 18 34 20
Hungary
PPS data from 01 Apr 2022 to 26 May 2022
Light protocol 0
Unknown 0 0.0 0.0

Missing 0 0

N pts Rel% N pts
Specialty with HAI
Surgery 3731 16 161
Hungary (continued)

1.2 Treatment 3571
4.4 Single dose 440
One day 130
>1 day 279
Unknown 109
7.7
1.3
1.2
0.7
3.7
1.8
4.3

6.8 Male gender 10129 43.5 595 5.9 2385 23.5
66.7 Age, <1 year 766 3.3 18 2.3 108 14.1
32.3 Age, 1-44 years 3681 15.8 73 2.0 694 18.9
28.8 Age, ≥45 years 18819 80.9 1211 6.4 4037 21.5
Intubation 400 1.7 105 26.3 244 61.0
Total 23266 100.0 1302 5.6 4839 20.8
Hungary (continued)
IV. Indicators (for legend, see Introduction) HU EU/EEA
Rel% N pts AU% N N
Antimicrobials via parenteral route (% pf total antimicrobials) 74 69.9 68 28
EU/EEA HU rank HU percentile
Med. of Med. of
country country
6.8 5.8 20 24 30 16
4.8 4.0 16 19 33 20
6.6 5.9 13 13 55 55
7.5 6.9 19 21 31 24
6.1 5.3 20 20 11 11
0.94 0.85 17 23 41 20
7.7 -. - . -
6.2 5.1 22 25 23 13
21.8 24.3 10 11 63 61
3.4 0.0 20 16 22 43
3.7 0.0 2 3 94 91
79.5 - 3 - 90 -
80.00 - 6 - 78 -
1.25 1.36 9 8 67 71
2.6 - 13 - 52 -
0.45 0.30 19 19 29 29
18.6 - 12 - 56 -
44.7 36.0 23 24 6 2
6.0 5.0 20 21 19 15
66.7 - 24 - 6 -
57.4 - 7 - 72 -
23.3 - 12 - 52 -
28.6 - 6 - 76 -
46.2 - 3 - 89 -
35.3 - 18 - 17 -
9.4 9.0 11 12.5 50 43
69.3 80.0 18 15.5 24 35
37.4 35.8 14 25 46 2
98.7 95.9 - - - -
45.8 - 19 - 20 -
49.2 48.8 18 1.5 27 96
10.0 - 2 - 93 -
73.4 70.1 19 19 23 26
65.6 62.6 28 26 2 9
15.8 11.3 26 26 2 2
16.0 - 24 - 2 -
75.9 83.3 1 2 98 93
32.1 24.5 16 17 30 25
1.5 2.0 11 6 50 74
25.7 25.5 20 21 15 11
12.7 14.0 10 8.5 50 58
36.0 36.5 28 28 2 2
1.01 1.01 25 28 13 2
44.3 40.8 13 11 55 63
38.1 34.5 17 15 41 48
8.4 4.4 24 27.5 16 4
77.4 79.0 22 23 23 20
19.5 15.9 21 22 21 17
0.30 0.00 15 18 40 27
47.4 - 14 - 44 -
. - 19 - 26 -
37.5 - 22.5 - 4 -
20.2 19.3 10 9 63 67
11.5 11.0 20 18 11 20
Iceland
Standard protocol 2
Light protocol 0
Unknown 0 0.0 0.0

Total N of reported microorg. 40 Origin of HAI=Other/unknown 0 0 0
Missing 0 0

N pts Rel% N pts
Specialty with HAI
Surgery 115 17 7
Paediatrics 27 4 5
Iceland (continued)

2.1 Treatment 154
0 Surgical prophylaxis 33
4.1 Single dose 9
One day 12
>1 day 12
Other indication 2
Unknown 2
6.6
18.5
9.3
0.0
3.7
0.9
12.5

. and antimicrobial use (AU) by patient risk factors (std. protocol)
. Male gender 332 49.0 17 5.1 100 30.1
. Age, <1 year 31 4.6 3 9.7 5 16.1
. Age, 1-44 years 157 23.2 6 3.8 36 22.9
. Age, ≥45 years 490 72.3 33 6.7 167 34.1
. Length of stay, Missing/Unknown 0 0.0 0 . 0 .
. McCabe score, ultimately fatal 179 26.4 8 4.5 60 33.5
Intubation 8 1.2 2 25.0 6 75.0
Total 678 100.0 42 6.2 208 30.7
Iceland (continued)
IV. Indicators (for legend, see Introduction) IS EU/EEA
Rel% N pts AU% N N
al, AU%=AU prevalence for specialty Enterobacterales resistant to carbapenems (%) . . 0.0 25
EU/EEA IS rank IS percentile
Med. of Med. of
country country
6.8 5.8 18 7 38 77
4.8 4.0 . . . .
6.6 5.9 3 2 91 95
7.5 6.9 21 20 24 28
6.1 5.3 . . . .
0.94 0.85 20 5 30 84
7.7 - 8 - 53 -
6.2 5.1 14 3 52 91
21.8 24.3 25 20 6 28
3.4 0.0 . 16 . 43
3.7 0.0 22 4 20 87
79.5 - 23 - 10 -
80.00 - 3 - 90 -
1.25 1.36 4 4 87 87
2.6 - 20.5 - 23 -
0.45 0.30 25 22 6 17
18.6 - 5 - 83 -
44.7 36.0 7 6 73 77
6.0 5.0 7 6 73 77
66.7 - 1.5 - 96 -
57.4 - 23 - 2 -
23.3 - 24 - 2 -
28.6 - 21.5 - 9 -
46.2 - 23 - 2 -
35.3 - 1 - 98 -
9.4 9.0 4 5.5 83 76
69.3 80.0 4 9.5 85 61
37.4 35.8 1 2 98 94
98.7 95.9 2 3 93 88
45.8 - 22.5 - 4 -
49.2 48.8 11 10 56 60
10.0 - 21.5 - 9 -
73.4 70.1 4 5 85 82
65.6 62.6 3 7 91 77
15.8 11.3 7 5 75 83
16.0 - 16 - 35 -
75.9 83.3 3 4 89 84
32.1 24.5 2 3 93 89
1.5 2.0 21 19.5 2 10
25.7 25.5 4 4 85 85
12.7 14.0 - - - -
36.0 36.5 19 15 34 48
1.01 1.01 10 9 66 70
44.3 40.8 22 22 23 23
38.1 34.5 14 11 52 63
8.4 4.4 10 5 66 84
77.4 79.0 28 28 2 2
19.5 15.9 1 1 98 98
0.30 0.00 24 18 2 27
47.4 - 24 - 2 -
. - 13.5 - 48 -
37.5 - 22.5 - 4 -
20.2 19.3 1 1.5 98 96
11.5 11.0 19 18 16 20
Ireland
Light protocol 0
Unknown 0 0.0 0.0

Missing 2 0.2

N pts Rel% N pts
Specialty with HAI
Surgery 2973 23.8 257
Medicine 6686 53.6 498
Ireland (continued)

2.4 Treatment 4050
5.1 Single dose 216
One day 227
>1 day 169
Other indication 53
Unknown 73
7.4
3.3
2.4
1.8
6.9
9.1
5.3

6.3 Male gender 6153 49.3 492 8.0 2666 43.3
25.0 Age, <1 year 575 4.6 38 6.6 105 18.3
8.8 Age, 1-44 years 2140 17.2 85 4.0 854 39.9
9.4 Age, ≥45 years 9757 78.2 809 8.3 4128 42.3
Intubation 182 1.5 42 23.1 122 67.0
Total 12472 100.0 932 7.5 5087 40.8
Ireland (continued)
IV. Indicators (for legend, see Introduction) IE EU/EEA
Rel% N pts AU% N N
EU/EEA IE rank IE percentile
Med. of Med. of
country country
6.8 5.8 9 15 70 48
4.8 4.0 11 15 54 37
6.6 5.9 14 14 52 52
7.5 6.9 10 11 65 61
6.1 5.3 12 13 48 43
0.94 0.85 10 13 66 55
7.7 - 4 - 78 -
6.2 5.1 15 15 48 48
21.8 24.3 21 24 21 13
3.4 0.0 21 16 18 43
3.7 0.0 9 18 69 35
79.5 - 4 - 86 -
80.00 - 7 - 74 -
1.25 1.36 1 1 98 98
2.6 - 20.5 - 23 -
0.45 0.30 8 7 71 75
18.6 - 18 - 33 -
44.7 36.0 10 10 60 60
6.0 5.0 1 1 98 98
66.7 - 20 - 22 -
57.4 - 1 - 98 -
23.3 - 21 - 15 -
28.6 - 18 - 24 -
46.2 - 1 - 98 -
35.3 - 9 - 60 -
9.4 9.0 17 16 21 26
69.3 80.0 2 4 93 85
37.4 35.8 13 12 50 54
98.7 95.9 6 7 73 68
45.8 - 1 - 98 -
49.2 48.8 3 5 90 81
10.0 - 16 - 33 -
73.4 70.1 3 4 90 86
65.6 62.6 4 3 88 91
15.8 11.3 6 7 79 75
16.0 - 4 - 85 -
75.9 83.3 15 9 34 61
32.1 24.5 4 2 84 93
1.5 2.0 19 19.5 12 10
25.7 25.5 2 2 93 93
12.7 14.0 6 8.5 71 58
36.0 36.5 9 10 70 66
1.01 1.01 7 11 77 63
44.3 40.8 17 21 41 27
38.1 34.5 22 22 23 23
8.4 4.4 15 9 48 70
77.4 79.0 21 20 27 30
19.5 15.9 5 3 83 90
0.30 0.00 3 1 90 98
47.4 - 6 - 77 -
. - 11 - 58 -
37.5 - 4 - 85 -
20.2 19.3 14 11 48 60
11.5 11.0 2 4 93 84
Italy
PPS data from 08 Nov 2021 to 28 Feb 2023
Light protocol 0
Unknown 0 0.0 0.0

Missing 6 0.3

N pts Rel% N pts
Specialty with HAI
Surgery 5670 28.7 526
Medicine 8737 44.3 936
Italy (continued)

2.2 Treatment 4793
7.6 Single dose 616
One day 202
>1 day 1062
Unknown 609
10.7
2.7
2.0
0.0
13.7
2.1
6.0

4.2 Male gender 10332 52.3 1109 10.7 4905 47.5
39.5 Age, <1 year 805 4.1 27 3.4 150 18.6
42.1 Age, 1-44 years 2025 10.3 113 5.6 798 39.4
32.5 Age, ≥45 years 8259 41.8 822 10.0 3966 48.0
Intubation 725 3.7 247 34.1 516 71.2
Total 19740 100.0 1942 9.8 8822 44.7
Italy (continued)
IV. Indicators (for legend, see Introduction) IT EU/EEA
Rel% N pts AU% N N
ndication, AMs=antimicrobial agents, Any automation of HAI surveillance (% hospitals) 0 - - 21
Feasibility of digital HAI surveillance, score 0 - - 21
Universal masking score (0-2) 0- - 21
Surgical prophylaxis >1 day (% of antimicrobials this indication) 55 59 57.1 28
EU/EEA IT rank IT percentile
Med. of Med. of
country country
6.8 5.8 5 6 84 80
4.8 4.0 7 5 72 80
6.6 5.9 8 9 73 70
7.5 6.9 6 8 80 72
6.1 5.3 9 10 61 57
0.94 0.85 14 8 52 73
7.7 - 4 - 78 -
6.2 5.1 5 8 84 73
21.8 24.3 6 6 79 80
3.4 0.0 6 4 78 87
3.7 0.0 11 8 61 72
79.5 - 15 - 42 -
80.00 - 13.5 - 48 -
1.25 1.36 6 11 79 60
2.6 - 20.5 - 23 -
0.45 0.30 7 8 75 71
18.6 - 25 - 6 -
44.7 36.0 4 4 85 85
6.0 5.0 12 11 52 56
66.7 - 10 - 62 -
57.4 - 13 - 46 -
23.3 - 11 - 56 -
28.6 - 9 - 63 -
46.2 - 17 - 28 -
35.3 - - - - -
9.4 9.0 - - - -
69.3 80.0 10 9.5 59 61
37.4 35.8 15 16 42 38
98.7 95.9 16 16 23 23
45.8 - 8 - 67 -
49.2 48.8 10 19 60 23
10.0 - 8.5 - 65 -
73.4 70.1 6 7 77 74
65.6 62.6 8 8 73 73
15.8 11.3 15 14 44 48
16.0 - 3 - 90 -
75.9 83.3 4 3 84 89
32.1 24.5 9 9 61 61
1.5 2.0 - - - -
25.7 25.5 11 13 54 46
12.7 14.0 - - - -
36.0 36.5 7 8 77 73
1.01 1.01 14 8 52 73
44.3 40.8 1 2 98 95
38.1 34.5 8 6 73 80
8.4 4.4 3 3 91 91
77.4 79.0 7 6 77 80
19.5 15.9 19 17 29 37
0.30 0.00 6 5 77 81
47.4 - 1 - 98 -
. - 20 - 22 -
37.5 - 9 - 63 -
20.2 19.3 22 22 17 17
11.5 11.0 3 4 89 84
Latvia
PPS data from 17 Feb 2021 to 25 May 2021
Standard protocol 7
Light protocol 0
Unknown 0 0.0 0.0

N of HAIs per infected patient 1 Origin of HAI=Other hospital 1 16.7 1
Missing 0 0

N pts Rel% N pts
Specialty with HAI
Surgery 323 27.9 7
Latvia (continued)

0.5 Treatment 404
2.5 Single dose 22
One day 1
>1 day 74
Other indication 3
Unknown 29
2.2 Figure 5. Top ten antimicrobial agents (AMs)

18.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
.
.
0.0

. Male gender 493 42.6 18 3.7 261 52.9
. Age, <1 year 49 4.2 1 2.0 9 18.4
. Age, 1-44 years 197 17.0 2 1.0 92 46.7
. Age, ≥45 years 912 78.8 32 3.5 452 49.6
. Length of stay, Missing/Unknown 4 0.3 0 0.0 3 75.0
Intubation 25 2.2 9 36.0 22 88.0
Total 1158 100.0 35 3.0 553 47.8
Latvia (continued)
IV. Indicators (for legend, see Introduction) LV EU/EEA
Rel% N pts AU% N N
5.8 18 26.9 Tertiary hospitals 0 . . 27
0.0 0 . HAI prevalence, corrected after validation (% patients with HAI) . . - 16
el%=% of total N patients, with AU= Composite index of AMR (% antimicrobial-resistant isolates) . . 50.0 26
al, AU%=AU prevalence for specialty Enterobacterales resistant to carbapenems (%) . . 0.0 25
timicrobial use (AU) IPC plan approved by hospital CEO (% hospitals) 0 - - 25
AU% N AMs Rel% IPC report approved by hospital CEO (% hospitals) 0 - - 25
8.4 114 15.9 Number of blood cultures per 1000 patient-days 0 - - 24
1.9 22 3.1 Number of stool tests for CDI per 1000 patient-days 0 - - 24
6.4 91 12.7 Participation in ≥1 HAI surveillance network (% hospitals) 0 - - 23
1.8 21 2.9 Surveillance of surgical site infections 0 - - 24
0.3 6 0.8 Surveillance of HAIs in ICUs 0 - - 23
Multimodal strategy IPCAF score 0 - - 23
Alcohol hand rub litres per 1000 patient-days, ICUs 0 - - 20
Hand hygiene observations > median (% hospitals) 0 - - 23
Hospitals where ≥25% of HCWs carried AHR (% hospitals) 0 - - 23
N of airborne infection isolation rooms per 1000 beds 0 - - 24
Vaccination coverage HCW COVID-19 (%) 0 - - 22
Vaccination coverage HCW Influenza (%) 0 - - 22
Universal masking score (0-2) 0 - - 21
Composite index of quantitative IPC indicators 0 - - 23
Composite index of qualitative IPC indicators 0 - - 19
Number of FTE antimicrobial stewardship per 250 beds 0 - - 24
Hospitals with >0 FTE antimicrobial stewardship (% hospitals) 0 - - 24
Participation in AMC surveillance network (% hospitals) 0 - - 23
Composite index of qualitative AU/AMS indicators 0 - - 22
EU/EEA LV rank LV percentile
Med. of Med. of
country country
6.8 5.8 28 26 2 9
4.8 4.0 . . . .
6.6 5.9 26 26 9 9
7.5 6.9 . . . .
6.1 5.3 . . . .
0.94 0.85 28 27 2 5
7.7 - . - . -
6.2 5.1 27 24 5 16
21.8 24.3 . 4 . 87
3.4 0.0 . 16 . 43
3.7 0.0 26.5 18 4 35
79.5 - - - - -
80.00 - - - - -
1.25 1.36 24 25 10 6
2.6 - 3 - 90 -
0.45 0.30 15 24.5 44 8
18.6 - 3.5 - 88 -
44.7 36.0 - - - -
6.0 5.0 - - - -
66.7 - 25 - 2 -
57.4 - - - - -
23.3 - - - - -
28.6 - - - - -
46.2 - - - - -
35.3 - - - - -
9.4 9.0 - - - -
69.3 80.0 - - - -
37.4 35.8 23 18 10 30
98.7 95.9 - - - -
45.8 - - - - -
49.2 48.8 23 22 6 10
10.0 - - -- -
73.4 70.1 24 22 2 14
65.6 62.6 12 23 59 20
15.8 11.3 12 11 56 60
16.0 - - - - -
75.9 83.3 - - - -
32.1 24.5 - - - -
1.5 2.0 - - - -
25.7 25.5 - - - -
12.7 14.0 - - - -
36.0 36.5 4 6 88 80
1.01 1.01 11 13 63 55
44.3 40.8 7 8 77 73
38.1 34.5 1 1 98 98
8.4 4.4 27 17 5 41
77.4 79.0 6 8 80 73
19.5 15.9 2 2 94 94
0.30 - - - - -
47.4 - - - - -
. - 25 - 2 -
37.5 - - - - -
20.2 19.3 16 15.5 40 42
11.5 11.0 - - - -
Lithuania
PPS data from 20 Mar 2023 to 26 May 2023
Light protocol 0
Unknown 0 0.0 0.0

N of HAIs 385 Origin of HAI=Same hospital . . .
N of HAIs per infected patient 1.02 Origin of HAI=Other hospital . . .
N HAIs with microorganism (%) 116 (30.1) Origin of HAI=LTCF . . .
Total N of reported microorg. 137 Origin of HAI=Other/unknown . . .
Missing 101 26.2

N pts Rel% N pts
Specialty with HAI
Surgery 2031 21.4 98
Medicine 2933 30.9 134
Lithuania (continued)

0 Treatment 2045
. Community infection 1705
. Hospital infection 358
. Long-term care/other HAI 0
. Surgical prophylaxis 387
2.9 Single dose 155
One day 62
>1 day 173
Unknown 45

15.6
1.3
3.8
0.0
6.8
0.4
2.5

. Male gender 4308 45.4 205 4.8 1453 33.7
73.3 Age, <1 year 234 2.5 8 3.4 53 22.6
40.5 Age, 1-44 years 1700 17.9 45 2.6 547 32.2
35.7 Age, ≥45 years 7557 79.6 323 4.3 2148 28.4
. McCabe score, non fatal 0 0.0 0 . 0 .
. McCabe score, ultimately fatal 0 0.0 0 . 0 .
. McCabe score, rapidly fatal 0 0.0 0 . 0 .
Intubation 119 1.3 37 31.1 85 71.4
Total 9491 100.0 376 4.0 2748 29.0
Lithuania (continued)
IV. Indicators (for legend, see Introduction) LT EU/EEA
Rel% N pts AU% N N
EU/EEA LT rank LT percentile
Med. of Med. of
country country
6.8 5.8 25 25 13 13
4.8 4.0 23 23 2 2
6.6 5.9 24 24 16 16
7.5 6.9 27 27 2 2
6.1 5.3 18 18 20 20
0.94 0.85 23 25 20 13
7.7 - 9 - 47 -
6.2 5.1 24 23 16 20
21.8 24.3 5 7.5 83 74
3.4 0.0 23.5 16 8 43
3.7 0.0 5 18 83 35
79.5 - 11 - 58 -
80.00 - 20 - 22 -
1.25 1.36 25 25 6 6
2.6 - 1 - 98 -
0.45 0.30 2 2 94 94
18.6 - 11 - 60 -
44.7 36.0 24 23 2 6
6.0 5.0 22 24 10 2
66.7 - 15 - 42 -
57.4 - 5 - 80 -
23.3 - 4 - 85 -
28.6 - 5 - 80 -
46.2 - 2 - 93 -
35.3 - - - - -
9.4 9.0 - - - -
69.3 80.0 20 23 15 2
37.4 35.8 21 21 18 18
98.7 95.9 18 18 13 13
45.8 - 11 - 54 -
49.2 48.8 20 14 19 44
10.0 - 5 - 80 -
73.4 70.1 9 8 65 70
65.6 62.6 17 12 41 59
15.8 11.3 17 15 37 44
16.0 - 9 - 65 -
75.9 83.3 22 17 2 25
32.1 24.5 14 15 39 34
1.5 2.0 - - - -
25.7 25.5 22 22 7 7
12.7 14.0 - - - -
36.0 36.5 24 26 16 9
1.01 1.01 9 18 70 38
44.3 40.8 28 28 2 2
38.1 34.5 13 9.5 55 68
8.4 4.4 19 19 34 34
77.4 79.0 15 10 48 66
19.5 15.9 23 25 13 6
0.30 - - - - -
47.4 - - - - -
. - 1 - 98 -
37.5 - 3 - 89 -
20.2 19.3 12 14 56 48
11.5 11.0 - - - -
Luxembourg
Standard protocol 5
Light protocol 0
Unknown 0 0.0 0.0

Missing 1 0.8

N pts Rel% N pts
Specialty with HAI
Surgery 417 24.5 26
Luxembourg (continued)

2.2 Treatment 342
4.6 Single dose 35
One day 15
>1 day 25
Other indication 5
Unknown 6
7.7
0.0
1.5
0.0
13.7
0.5
8.5

. Male gender 811 47.7 61 7.5 253 31.2
. Age, <1 year 88 5.2 0 0.0 7 8.0
32.4 Age, 1-44 years 369 21.7 5 1.4 70 19.0
27.8 Age, ≥45 years 1242 73.1 112 9.0 383 30.8
Intubation 34 2.0 11 32.4 24 70.6
Total 1699 100.0 117 6.9 460 27.1
Luxembourg (continued)
IV. Indicators (for legend, see Introduction) LU EU/EEA
Rel% N pts AU% N N
Vaccination coverage HCW COVID-19 (%) 0- - 22
Vaccination coverage HCW Influenza (%) 0- - 22
EU/EEA LU rank LU percentile
Med. of Med. of
country country
6.8 5.8 13 19 55 34
4.8 4.0 . . . .
6.6 5.9 9 10 70 66
7.5 6.9 25 25 9 9
6.1 5.3 22 21.5 2 5
0.94 0.85 13 17 55 41
7.7 - 14 - 16 -
6.2 5.1 18 18 38 38
21.8 24.3 15 14 44 50
3.4 0.0 16 16 38 43
3.7 0.0 26.5 18 4 35
79.5 - 12 - 54 -
80.00 - 13.5 - 48 -
1.25 1.36 5 5 83 83
2.6 - 20.5 - 23 -
0.45 0.30 26 21 2 21
18.6 - 13 - 52 -
44.7 36.0 16 19 35 23
6.0 5.0 24 20 2 19
66.7 - 1.5 - 96 -
57.4 - 11 - 54 -
23.3 - 6 - 77 -
28.6 - 4 - 85 -
46.2 - 11 - 54 -
35.3 - 14 - 36 -
9.4 9.0 1 1.5 98 95
69.3 80.0 1 1 98 98
37.4 35.8 20 15 22 42
98.7 95.9 13 13 38 38
45.8 - 4 - 85 -
49.2 48.8 1 3 98 90
10.0 - 1 - 98 -
73.4 70.1 5 6 81 78
65.6 62.6 6 5 80 84
15.8 11.3 9 6 67 79
16.0 - 6 - 77 -
75.9 83.3 - - - -
32.1 24.5 - - - -
1.5 2.0 20 19.5 7 10
25.7 25.5 7 10.5 72 57
12.7 14.0 - - - -
36.0 36.5 25 23 13 20
1.01 1.01 22 22 23 23
44.3 40.8 12 12 59 59
38.1 34.5 16 21 45 27
8.4 4.4 13 14 55 52
77.4 79.0 23 22 20 23
19.5 15.9 10 12 63 56
0.30 0.00 20 11 19 56
47.4 - 11 - 56 -
. - 17.5 - 32 -
37.5 - 7 - 72 -
20.2 19.3 8 11 71 60
11.5 11.0 9 11 61 52
Malta
Standard protocol 7
Light protocol 0
Unknown 0 0.0 0.0

Missing 0 0

N pts Rel% N pts
Specialty with HAI
Surgery 342 31.6 31
Malta (continued)

1.1 Treatment 409
6.1 Single dose 17
One day 11
>1 day 44
Other indication 5
Unknown 23
5.7
0.0
1.6
0.0
.
0.0
21.4

. Male gender 557 51.5 45 8.1 266 47.8
. Age, <1 year 52 4.8 2 3.8 12 23.1
0.0 Age, 1-44 years 194 17.9 7 3.6 91 46.9
. Age, ≥45 years 836 77.3 69 8.3 405 48.4
Intubation 14 1.3 8 57.1 12 85.7
Total 1082 100.0 78 7.2 508 47.0
Malta (continued)
IV. Indicators (for legend, see Introduction) MT EU/EEA
Rel% N pts AU% N N
EU/EEA MT rank MT percentile
Med. of Med. of
country country
6.8 5.8 11 14 63 52
4.8 4.0 19 22 20 7
6.6 5.9 19 15 34 48
7.5 6.9 18 14 35 50
6.1 5.3 1 1 98 98
0.94 0.85 19 15 34 48
7.7 - 10.5 - 38 -
6.2 5.1 8 12 73 59
21.8 24.3 26 24 2 13
3.4 0.0 23.5 16 8 43
3.7 0.0 24 18 13 35
79.5 - 22 - 14 -
80.00 - 18 - 30 -
1.25 1.36 14 13 48 52
2.6 - 6 - 79 -
0.45 0.30 20 24.5 25 8
18.6 - 3.5 - 88 -
44.7 36.0 15 18 40 27
6.0 5.0 5 2 81 94
66.7 - 22.5 - 12 -
57.4 - 17 - 28 -
23.3 - 17 - 31 -
28.6 - 21.5 - 9 -
46.2 - 21 - 11 -
35.3 - 13 - 40 -
9.4 9.0 20 20.5 7 5
69.3 80.0 12 9.5 50 61
37.4 35.8 7 6 74 78
98.7 95.9 5 2 78 93
45.8 - 6 - 76 -
49.2 48.8 8 9 69 65
10.0 - 10 - 59 -
73.4 70.1 13 25 48 2
65.6 62.6 10 27 66 5
15.8 11.3 3 3 90 90
16.0 - 5 - 81 -
75.9 83.3 2 1 93 98
32.1 24.5 6 7 75 70
1.5 2.0 7 6 69 74
25.7 25.5 10 7 59 72
12.7 14.0 17 16.5 13 16
36.0 36.5 5 5 84 84
1.01 1.01 2 4 95 88
44.3 40.8 16 20 45 30
38.1 34.5 6 20 80 30
8.4 4.4 26 25 9 13
77.4 79.0 19 19 34 34
19.5 15.9 13 18 52 33
0.30 0.00 23 18 6 27
47.4 - 23 - 6 -
. - 23 - 10 -
37.5 - 18 - 24 -
20.2 19.3 17 18 37 33
11.5 11.0 22 22 2 2
Netherlands
PPS data from 01 Mar 2022 to 27 Oct 2022
Light protocol 0
Secondary 5 27.8 41.5 Average length of stay (days)* . [ .- .]
Unknown 0 0.0 0.0

Missing 0 0

N pts Rel% N pts
Specialty with HAI
Surgery 1590 32.7 146
Medicine 2296 47.2 114
Netherlands (continued)

1.9 Treatment 466
4.6 Single dose 21
One day 29
>1 day 9
Other indication 6
Unknown 1278
5.0
3.8
0.9
0.0
4.8
.
.

. Male gender 2542 52.3 179 7.0 1034 40.7
0.0 Age, <1 year 163 3.4 6 3.7 16 9.8
23.5 Age, 1-44 years 905 18.6 41 4.5 284 31.4
10.0 Age, ≥45 years 3795 78.0 271 7.1 1555 41.0
Intubation 148 3.0 24 16.2 117 79.1
Total 4863 100.0 318 6.5 1855 38.1
Netherlands (continued)
IV. Indicators (for legend, see Introduction) NL EU/EEA
Rel% N pts AU% N N
0.0 0 . HAI prevalence, PPS2-adjusted (1) (% patients with HAI) 18 6.0 4.3 28
9.6 618 29.4 Number of FTE IPC nurses per 250 beds 0 - - 26
8.0 508 24.2 Hospitals without IPC nurse (%) 0 . - 26
1.7 107 5.1 Number of FTE IPC doctors per 250 beds 0 . . 26
0.1 3 0.1 Hospitals without IPC doctor (%) 0 . - 26
0.6 29 1.4 Microbiological support at weekends (% hospitals) 0 - - 25
antimicrobial agents (AMs) Alcohol hand rub litres per 1000 patient-days, hospital-wide 0 - - 25
Beds with AHR dispensers at point of care (% beds) 0 - - 24
Bed occupancy for previous year (% beds, denominator data) 0 - - 28
Beds in single rooms (% beds) 0 - - 26
AU prevalence (% patients with AU) 18 38.1 35 28
Post-prescription review procedure in ≥1 ward (% hospitals) 0 - - 25
EU/EEA NL rank NL percentile
Med. of Med. of
country country
6.8 5.8 16 18 45 38
4.8 4.0 21 11 11 54
6.6 5.9 10 7 66 77
7.5 6.9 8 7 72 76
6.1 5.3 . . . .
0.94 0.85 15 16 48 45
7.7 - . - . -
6.2 5.1 16 19 45 34
21.8 24.3 22 24 17 13
3.4 0.0 11 16 58 43
3.7 0.0 25 18 9 35
79.5 - - - - -
80.00 - - - - -
1.25 1.36 - - - -
2.6 - . - . -
0.45 0.30 . . . .
18.6 - . - . -
44.7 36.0 - - - -
6.0 5.0 - - - -
66.7 - - - - -
57.4 - - - - -
23.3 - - - - -
28.6 - - - - -
46.2 - - - - -
35.3 - - - - -
9.4 9.0 - - - -
69.3 80.0 - - - -
37.4 35.8 - - - -
98.7 95.9 - - - -
45.8 - - - - -
49.2 48.8 - - - -
10.0 - - -- -
73.4 70.1 - - - -
65.6 62.6 - - - -
15.8 11.3 - - - -
16.0 - - - - -
75.9 83.3 - - - -
32.1 24.5 - - - -
1.5 2.0 - - - -
25.7 25.5 - - - -
12.7 14.0 - - - -
36.0 36.5 12 16 59 45
1.01 1.01 18 17 38 41
44.3 40.8 24 24 16 16
38.1 34.5 26 14 9 52
8.4 4.4 7 16 77 45
77.4 79.0 27 27 5 5
19.5 15.9 14 10 48 63
0.30 - - - - -
47.4 - - - - -
. - - - - -
37.5 - - - - -
20.2 19.3 7 7 75 75
11.5 11.0 - - - -
Norway
Standard protocol 0
Light protocol 53
Secondary 9 17.0 24.5 Average length of stay (days)* . [ .- .]
Unknown 1 1.9 1.0

N of HAIs 425 Origin of HAI=Same hospital . . .
N of HAIs per infected patient 1 Origin of HAI=Other hospital . . .
N HAIs with microorganism (%) 8 ( 1.9) Origin of HAI=LTCF . . .
Total N of reported microorg. 0 Origin of HAI=Other/unknown . . .
Missing 425 100

N pts Rel% N pts
Specialty with HAI
Surgery 2970 31.7 159
Medicine 3925 41.9 160
No data for selected microorganism-antimicrobial combinations
Norway (continued)

0 Treatment 2129
. Community infection 1675
. Hospital infection 461
. Long-term care/other HAI 0
. Surgical prophylaxis 440
0 Single dose 155
One day 207
>1 day 89
Other indication 38
Unknown 84

11.0
3.7
1.2
.
4.0
.
2.7

.
. No patient risk factor data, national light protocol option used for all hospitals
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
olates with known
Norway (continued)
IV. Indicators (for legend, see Introduction) NO EU/EEA
Rel% N pts AU% N N
0.0 0 . Specialised hospitals/unknown 2 6.7 6.9 22
el%=% of total N patients, with AU= Composite index of AMR (% antimicrobial-resistant isolates) . . . 26
al, AU%=AU prevalence for specialty Enterobacterales resistant to carbapenems (%) . . . 25
specialties in intensive care units C. difficile infections (% of total N of HAIs) . . . 27
22.7 2688 74.8 Number of FTE IPC nurses per 250 beds 0 - - 26
17.9 2106 58.6 Hospitals without IPC nurse (%) 0 . - 26
4.9 582 16.2 Number of FTE IPC doctors per 250 beds 0 . . 26
0.0 0 0.0 Hospitals without IPC doctor (%) 0 . - 26
2.2 209 5.8 Microbiological support at weekends (% hospitals) 0 - - 25
Bed occupancy for previous year (% beds, denominator data) 0 - - 28
Beds in single rooms (% beds) 0 - - 26
Antimicrobials reviewed and changed during treatment (%) 0 - - 26
Post-prescription review procedure in ≥1 ward (% hospitals) 0 - - 25
Composite index of quantitative AU/AMS indicators 0 - - 26
EU/EEA NO rank NO percentile
Med. of Med. of
country country
6.8 5.8 23 21 20 27
4.8 4.0 14 12 41 50
6.6 5.9 25 25 13 13
7.5 6.9 22 24 20 13
6.1 5.3 11 8 52 66
0.94 0.85 26 20 9 30
7.7 - . - . -
6.2 5.1 23 21 20 27
21.8 24.3 . . . .
3.4 0.0 . . . .
3.7 0.0 . . . .
79.5 - - - - -
80.00 - - - - -
1.25 1.36 - - - -
2.6 - . - . -
0.45 0.30 . . . .
18.6 - . - . -
44.7 36.0 - - - -
6.0 5.0 - - - -
66.7 - - - - -
57.4 - - - - -
23.3 - - - - -
28.6 - - - - -
46.2 - - - - -
35.3 - - - - -
9.4 9.0 - - - -
69.3 80.0 - - - -
37.4 35.8 - - - -
98.7 95.9 - - - -
45.8 - - - - -
49.2 48.8 - - - -
10.0 - - -- -
73.4 70.1 - - - -
65.6 62.6 - - - -
15.8 11.3 - - - -
16.0 - - - - -
75.9 83.3 - - - -
32.1 24.5 - - - -
1.5 2.0 - - - -
25.7 25.5 - - - -
12.7 14.0 - - - -
36.0 36.5 21 20 27 30
1.01 1.01 28 26 2 9
44.3 40.8 23 23 20 20
38.1 34.5 27 27 5 5
8.4 4.4 21 24 27 16
77.4 79.0 17 16 41 45
19.5 15.9 - - - -
0.30 - - - - -
47.4 - - - - -
. - - - - -
37.5 - - - - -
20.2 19.3 - - - -
11.5 11.0 - - - -
Poland
Light protocol 0
Unknown 0 0.0 0.0

Missing 4 0.3

N pts Rel% N pts
Specialty with HAI
Surgery 6653 28.1 361
Medicine 10046 42.5 602
Poland (continued)

1.3 Treatment 4967
4.4 Single dose 716
One day 166
>1 day 384
Other indication 66
Unknown 167
6.0
3.0
1.4
0.9
4.8
0.9
4.2

9.6 Male gender 11388 48.1 738 6.5 3916 34.4
45.1 Age, <1 year 1034 4.4 51 4.9 231 22.3
41.4 Age, 1-44 years 5563 23.5 157 2.8 1504 27.0
26.9 Age, ≥45 years 17064 72.1 1150 6.7 5624 33.0
Intubation 666 2.8 217 32.6 479 71.9
Total 23661 100.0 1358 5.7 7359 31.1
Poland (continued)
IV. Indicators (for legend, see Introduction) PL EU/EEA
Rel% N pts AU% N N
Antimicrobials via parenteral route (% pf total antimicrobials) 93 87 92 28
EU/EEA PL rank PL percentile
Med. of Med. of
country country
6.8 5.8 19 20 34 30
4.8 4.0 15 14 37 41
6.6 5.9 17 19 41 34
7.5 6.9 17 13 39 54
6.1 5.3 13 15 43 34
0.94 0.85 16 19 45 34
7.7 -. - . -
6.2 5.1 17 17 41 41
21.8 24.3 7 9.5 75 67
3.4 0.0 8 16 70 43
3.7 0.0 4 5 87 83
79.5 - 5 - 82 -
80.00 - 3 - 90 -
1.25 1.36 11 10 60 63
2.6 - 20.5 - 23 -
0.45 0.30 23 17 13 37
18.6 - 19 - 29 -
44.7 36.0 17 14 31 44
6.0 5.0 16 17 35 31
66.7 - 6 - 78 -
57.4 - 22 - 7 -
23.3 - 22 - 10 -
28.6 - 19 - 20 -
46.2 - 22 - 7 -
35.3 - 7 - 69 -
9.4 9.0 8 9 64 60
69.3 80.0 22 21.5 7 9
37.4 35.8 17 17 34 34
98.7 95.9 10 12 53 43
45.8 - 13 - 46 -
49.2 48.8 13 13 48 48
10.0 - 19 - 20 -
73.4 70.1 10 11 60 58
65.6 62.6 15 11 48 63
15.8 11.3 22 22 17 17
16.0 - 14 - 44 -
75.9 83.3 11 11 52 52
32.1 24.5 15 13 34 43
1.5 2.0 8 6 64 74
25.7 25.5 15 14 37 41
12.7 14.0 18 18 8 8
36.0 36.5 17 18 41 38
1.01 1.01 19 19 34 34
44.3 40.8 11 10 63 66
38.1 34.5 20 26 30 9
8.4 4.4 5 7 84 77
77.4 79.0 5 4 84 88
19.5 15.9 25 24 6 10
0.30 0.00 19 10 23 60
47.4 - 10 - 60 -
. - 9 - 66 -
37.5 - 21 - 11 -
20.2 19.3 19 18 29 33
11.5 11.0 13 12.5 43 45
Portugal
Light protocol 0
Unknown 0 0.0 0.0

Missing 1 0

N pts Rel% N pts
Specialty with HAI
Surgery 6657 32.7 824
Medicine 9307 45.7 1222
Intensive care* 1028 5 212
Portugal (continued)

3.2 Treatment 6382
8.4 Single dose 422
One day 404
>1 day 409
Other indication 93
Unknown 182
13.1
6.6
1.8
0.2
0.0
1.8
11.8

2.2 Male gender 10242 50.3 1256 12.3 4403 43.0
20.0 Age, <1 year 1036 5.1 58 5.6 162 15.6
39.9 Age, 1-44 years 3169 15.6 183 5.8 1116 35.2
24.8 Age, ≥45 years 16162 79.4 2118 13.1 6899 42.7
Intubation 519 2.5 157 30.3 316 60.9
Total 20367 100.0 2359 11.6 8177 40.1
Portugal (continued)
IV. Indicators (for legend, see Introduction) PT EU/EEA
Rel% N pts AU% N N
Antimicrobials reviewed and changed during treatment (%) 117 22.7 20 26
EU/EEA PT rank PT percentile
Med. of Med. of
country country
6.8 5.8 3 3 91 91
4.8 4.0 6 6 76 76
6.6 5.9 1 1 98 98
7.5 6.9 3 5 91 83
6.1 5.3 5 6 80 75
0.94 0.85 3 4 91 88
7.7 - 6 - 66 -
6.2 5.1 3 2 91 95
21.8 24.3 11 13 60 54
3.4 0.0 9 16 66 43
3.7 0.0 18 18 35 35
79.5 - 10 - 62 -
80.00 - 12 - 54 -
1.25 1.36 10 9 63 67
2.6 - 10 - 63 -
0.45 0.30 14 14 48 48
18.6 - 10 - 63 -
44.7 36.0 8 13 69 48
6.0 5.0 21 18 15 27
66.7 - 11 - 58 -
57.4 - 14 - 41 -
23.3 - 10 - 60 -
28.6 - 7 - 72 -
46.2 - 18 - 24 -
35.3 - 8 - 64 -
9.4 9.0 5 4 79 83
69.3 80.0 3 2 89 93
37.4 35.8 8 9 70 66
98.7 95.9 7 5 68 78
45.8 - 3 - 89 -
49.2 48.8 4 4 85 85
10.0 - 14 - 41 -
73.4 70.1 8 9 69 66
65.6 62.6 7 6 77 80
15.8 11.3 11 13 60 52
16.0 - 12 - 52 -
75.9 83.3 18 19 20 16
32.1 24.5 10 8 57 66
1.5 2.0 17 14.5 21 33
25.7 25.5 9 9 63 63
12.7 14.0 7 13 66 34
36.0 36.5 10 12 66 59
1.01 1.01 16 15 45 48
44.3 40.8 9 9 70 70
38.1 34.5 19 16 34 45
8.4 4.4 23 22 20 23
77.4 79.0 10 7 66 77
19.5 15.9 11 9 60 67
0.30 0.00 13 18 48 27
47.4 - 12 - 52 -
. - 10 - 62 -
37.5 - 10 - 59 -
20.2 19.3 15 15.5 44 42
11.5 11.0 8 9 66 61
Romania
Light protocol 0
Primary 4 7.5 4.3 Size (number of beds) 835 [ 524-1102]
Unknown 2 3.8 2.9

Missing 3 0.4

N pts Rel% N pts
Specialty with HAI
Surgery 5985 27.4 151
Medicine 9683 44.3 330
Romania (continued)

0.9 Treatment 5444
2.2 Single dose 461
One day 471
>1 day 1405
Unknown 234
3.4
0.3
0.6
0.0
1.1
0.3
0.3

18.8 Male gender 10792 49.4 370 3.4 4930 45.7
64.3 Age, <1 year 1148 5.3 17 1.5 412 35.9
70.1 Age, 1-44 years 4467 20.4 57 1.3 2000 44.8
36.8 Age, ≥45 years 16251 74.3 600 3.7 6971 42.9
Intubation 613 2.8 118 19.2 532 86.8
Total 21866 100.0 674 3.1 9383 42.9
Romania (continued)
IV. Indicators (for legend, see Introduction) RO EU/EEA
Rel% N pts AU% N N
EU/EEA RO rank RO percentile
Med. of Med. of
country country
6.8 5.8 27 27 5 5
4.8 4.0 18 17 24 28
6.6 5.9 28 27 2 5
7.5 6.9 23 23 17 17
6.1 5.3 15 16 34 30
0.94 0.85 27 26 5 9
7.7 - 16 - 3 -
6.2 5.1 28 27 2 5
21.8 24.3 1 1 98 98
3.4 0.0 1 1 98 98
3.7 0.0 1 1 98 98
79.5 - 1.5 - 96 -
80.00 - 3 - 90 -
1.25 1.36 15 15 44 44
2.6 - 20.5 - 23 -
0.45 0.30 6 4 79 87
18.6 - 25 - 6 -
44.7 36.0 22 21 10 15
6.0 5.0 8 8 69 69
66.7 - 14 - 46 -
57.4 - 9 - 63 -
23.3 - 8 - 69 -
28.6 - 10 - 59 -
46.2 - 6 - 76 -
35.3 - 19 - 12 -
9.4 9.0 10 9 55 60
69.3 80.0 14 9.5 41 61
37.4 35.8 18 19 30 26
98.7 95.9 17 17 18 18
45.8 - 17 - 28 -
49.2 48.8 24 24 2 2
10.0 - 4 - 85 -
73.4 70.1 23 23 6 10
65.6 62.6 27 28 5 2
15.8 11.3 25 25 6 6
16.0 - 13 - 48 -
75.9 83.3 20 20 11 11
32.1 24.5 12 13 48 43
1.5 2.0 12 14.5 45 33
25.7 25.5 17 18 28 24
12.7 14.0 5 8.5 76 58
36.0 36.5 8 9 73 70
1.01 1.01 5 7 84 77
44.3 40.8 4 1 88 98
38.1 34.5 5 5 84 84
8.4 4.4 2 1 95 98
77.4 79.0 4 5 88 84
19.5 15.9 24 20 10 25
0.30 0.00 12 6 52 77
47.4 - 2 - 94 -
. - 7 - 74 -
37.5 - 15 - 37 -
20.2 19.3 23 23.5 13 12
11.5 11.0 5 4 80 84
Slovakia
Light protocol 2
Unknown 0 0.0 0.0

Missing 2 0.2

N pts Rel% N pts
Specialty with HAI
Surgery 2615 24.8 164
Slovakia (continued)

1.4 Treatment 2427
5.4 Single dose 245
One day 156
>1 day 469
Other indication 35
Unknown 72
7.9
1.8
1.3
0.0
13.6
1.6
11.7

6.7 Male gender 4834 47.5 357 7.4 1840 38.1
37.0 Age, <1 year 673 6.6 27 4.0 107 15.9
39.1 Age, 1-44 years 2396 23.6 87 3.6 621 25.9
17.2 Age, ≥45 years 7103 69.8 580 8.2 2839 40.0
Intubation 188 1.8 67 35.6 138 73.4
Total 10172 100.0 694 6.8 3567 35.1
Slovakia (continued)
IV. Indicators (for legend, see Introduction) SK EU/EEA
Rel% N pts AU% N N
EU/EEA SK rank SK percentile
Med. of Med. of
country country
6.8 5.8 14 13 52 55
4.8 4.0 10 10 59 59
6.6 5.9 22 21 23 27
7.5 6.9 11 12 61 57
6.1 5.3 3 3 89 89
0.94 0.85 7 12 77 59
7.7 - 7 - 59 -
6.2 5.1 13 14 55 52
21.8 24.3 8 9.5 71 67
3.4 0.0 7 16 74 43
3.7 0.0 3 2 91 94
79.5 - 21 - 18 -
80.00 - 25 - 2 -
1.25 1.36 26 25 2 6
2.6 - 2 - 94 -
0.45 0.30 5 5 83 83
18.6 - 15 - 44 -
44.7 36.0 20 17 19 31
6.0 5.0 3 5 90 81
66.7 - 7 - 74 -
57.4 - 12 - 50 -
23.3 - 19 - 23 -
28.6 - 17 - 28 -
46.2 - 9 - 63 -
35.3 - 15.5 - 29 -
9.4 9.0 18 19 17 12
69.3 80.0 15 19 37 20
37.4 35.8 24 22 6 14
98.7 95.9 15 15 28 28
45.8 - 18 - 24 -
49.2 48.8 21 21 15 15
10.0 - 15 - 37 -
73.4 70.1 21 20 15 22
65.6 62.6 25 22 13 23
15.8 11.3 19 18 29 33
16.0 - 15 - 40 -
75.9 83.3 16 13.5 30 41
32.1 24.5 22 22 2 2
1.5 2.0 14 14.5 36 33
25.7 25.5 21 20 11 15
12.7 14.0 16 16.5 18 16
36.0 36.5 16 17 45 41
1.01 1.01 13 12 55 59
44.3 40.8 21 19 27 34
38.1 34.5 10 7 66 77
8.4 4.4 11 13 63 55
77.4 79.0 16 17 45 41
19.5 15.9 22 21 17 21
0.30 0.00 5 3 81 90
47.4 - 8 - 69 -
. - 6 - 78 -
37.5 - 16 - 33 -
20.2 19.3 18 18 33 33
11.5 11.0 7 4 70 84
Slovenia
Light protocol 0
Unknown 0 0.0 0.0

Missing 0 0

N pts Rel% N pts
Specialty with HAI
Surgery 1675 34 139
Medicine 2088 42.4 173
Slovenia (continued)

1.7 Treatment 1308
6.5 Single dose 164
One day 85
>1 day 117
Other indication 4
Unknown 9
8.3
2.8
1.5
0.0
20.0
1.2
2.4

0.0 Male gender 2463 50.0 236 9.6 957 38.9
5.9 Age, <1 year 240 4.9 12 5.0 24 10.0
16.8 Age, 1-44 years 966 19.6 33 3.4 233 24.1
14.6 Age, ≥45 years 3719 75.5 357 9.6 1500 40.3
Intubation 167 3.4 47 28.1 103 61.7
Total 4925 100.0 402 8.2 1757 35.7
Slovenia (continued)
IV. Indicators (for legend, see Introduction) SI EU/EEA
Rel% N pts AU% N N
EU/EEA SI rank SI percentile
Med. of Med. of
country country
6.8 5.8 8 8 73 73
4.8 4.0 . . . .
6.6 5.9 12 8 59 73
7.5 6.9 9 10 69 65
6.1 5.3 17 12 25 48
0.94 0.85 9 6 70 80
7.7 -. - . -
6.2 5.1 7 6 77 80
21.8 24.3 19 19 29 31
3.4 0.0 18 16 30 43
3.7 0.0 21 18 24 35
79.5 - 9 - 66 -
80.00 - 9 - 66 -
1.25 1.36 23 22 13 17
2.6 - 7 - 75 -
0.45 0.30 24 20 10 25
18.6 - 7 - 75 -
44.7 36.0 9 12 65 52
6.0 5.0 18 22 27 10
66.7 - 17 - 34 -
57.4 - 16 - 33 -
23.3 - 23 - 6 -
28.6 - 21.5 - 9 -
46.2 - 14 - 41 -
35.3 - 20 - 7 -
9.4 9.0 7 9 69 60
69.3 80.0 5 4 80 85
37.4 35.8 6 7 78 74
98.7 95.9 14 8 33 63
45.8 - 2 - 93 -
49.2 48.8 6 6 77 77
10.0 - 21.5 - 9 -
73.4 70.1 17 17 31 34
65.6 62.6 16 21 45 27
15.8 11.3 21 19 21 29
16.0 - 23 - 6 -
75.9 83.3 14 18 39 20
32.1 24.5 20 19 11 16
1.5 2.0 16 14.5 26 33
25.7 25.5 18 16 24 33
12.7 14.0 14 15 29 24
36.0 36.5 15 13 48 55
1.01 1.01 20 21 30 27
44.3 40.8 19 16 34 45
38.1 34.5 18 18 38 38
8.4 4.4 22 18 23 38
77.4 79.0 14 14 52 52
19.5 15.9 7 5 75 83
0.30 0.00 22 18 10 27
47.4 - 20 - 19 -
. - 21 - 18 -
37.5 - 2 - 93 -
20.2 19.3 13 4.5 52 85
11.5 11.0 10 9 57 61
Spain
PPS data from 24 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2023
Light protocol 0
Unknown 0 0.0 0.0

Missing 17 0.8

N pts Rel% N pts
Specialty with HAI
Surgery 6841 29.4 645
Medicine 11472 49.3 884
Spain (continued)

2.9 Treatment 7346
5.3 Single dose 628
One day 500
>1 day 648
Other indication 95
Unknown 176
7.7
2.2
2.5
0.0
12.5
1.6
6.4

1.9 Male gender 12338 53.0 1110 9.0 5897 47.8
4.8 Age, <1 year 920 4.0 34 3.7 161 17.5
27.1 Age, 1-44 years 3562 15.3 144 4.0 1329 37.3
20.4 Age, ≥45 years 18782 80.7 1737 9.2 9105 48.5
Intubation 669 2.9 205 30.6 472 70.6
Total 23266 100.0 1915 8.2 10596 45.5
Spain (continued)
IV. Indicators (for legend, see Introduction) ES EU/EEA
Rel% N pts AU% N N
EU/EEA ES rank ES percentile
Med. of Med. of
country country
6.8 5.8 7 10 77 66
4.8 4.0 8 8 67 67
6.6 5.9 6 11 80 63
7.5 6.9 12 18 57 35
6.1 5.3 14 17 39 25
0.94 0.85 8 14 73 52
7.7 - 2 - 91 -
6.2 5.1 9 13 70 55
21.8 24.3 13 16 52 43
3.4 0.0 12 16 54 43
3.7 0.0 15 18 46 35
79.5 - 17 - 34 -
80.00 - 21 - 18 -
1.25 1.36 17 16 37 40
2.6 - 11 - 60 -
0.45 0.30 4 3 87 90
18.6 - 23 - 13 -
44.7 36.0 5 5 81 81
6.0 5.0 4 4 85 85
66.7 - 16 - 38 -
57.4 - 2 - 93 -
23.3 - 2 - 94 -
28.6 - 2 - 93 -
46.2 - 7 - 72 -
35.3 - 5 - 79 -
9.4 9.0 3 3 88 88
69.3 80.0 21 21.5 11 9
37.4 35.8 12 11 54 58
98.7 95.9 - - - -
45.8 - 7 - 72 -
49.2 48.8 2 1.5 94 96
10.0 - 6 - 76 -
73.4 70.1 7 1 73 98
65.6 62.6 13 14 55 52
15.8 11.3 4 9 87 67
16.0 - 11 - 56 -
75.9 83.3 21 22 7 2
32.1 24.5 3 4 89 84
1.5 2.0 4 6 83 74
25.7 25.5 3 3 89 89
12.7 14.0 8 8.5 61 58
36.0 36.5 6 4 80 88
1.01 1.01 6 6 80 80
44.3 40.8 5 5 84 84
38.1 34.5 15 17 48 41
8.4 4.4 4 2 88 95
77.4 79.0 12 11 59 63
19.5 15.9 3 7 90 75
0.30 0.00 4 4 85 85
47.4 - 9 - 65 -
. - 5 - 82 -
37.5 - 8 - 67 -
20.2 19.3 20 20.5 25 23
11.5 11.0 4 4 84 84
Sweden
PPS data from 01 Apr 2023 to 30 May 2023
Light protocol 0
Unknown 0 0.0 0.0

Missing 24 1.6

N pts Rel% N pts
Specialty with HAI
Surgery 3986 29.5 477
Medicine 5713 42.2 670
Intensive care* 268 2 51
Sweden (continued)

4.2 Treatment 3702
6 Single dose 188
One day 197
>1 day 198
Other indication 85
Unknown 346
11.7
6.0
5.4
1.4
15.1
0.9
14.0

0.0 Male gender 6938 51.3 791 11.4 2749 39.6
0.0 Age, <1 year 575 4.3 23 4.0 80 13.9
15.5 Age, 1-44 years 2592 19.2 134 5.2 679 26.2
18.3 Age, ≥45 years 10316 76.3 1241 12.0 4168 40.4
0.0 McCabe score, non fatal 0 0.0 0 . 0 .
8.3 McCabe score, ultimately fatal 0 0.0 0 . 0 .
. McCabe score, rapidly fatal 0 0.0 0 . 0 .
Intubation 227 1.7 73 32.2 149 65.6
Total 13526 100.0 1405 10.4 4946 36.6
Sweden (continued)
IV. Indicators (for legend, see Introduction) SE EU/EEA
Rel% N pts AU% N N
Antimicrobials reviewed and changed during treatment (%) 0 - - 26
Composite index of quantitative AU/AMS indicators 0 - - 26
EU/EEA SE rank SE percentile
Med. of Med. of
country country
6.8 5.8 4 2 88 95
4.8 4.0 3 3 89 89
6.6 5.9 2 3 95 91
7.5 6.9 7 3 76 91
6.1 5.3 . . . .
0.94 0.85 5 1 84 98
7.7 - 4 - 78 -
6.2 5.1 4 4 88 88
21.8 24.3 24 24 10 13
3.4 0.0 19 16 26 43
3.7 0.0 17 18 39 35
79.5 - 20 - 22 -
80.00 - 11 - 58 -
1.25 1.36 7 6 75 79
2.6 - 20.5 - 23 -
0.45 0.30 16 10 40 63
18.6 - 22 - 17 -
44.7 36.0 - - - -
6.0 5.0 - - - -
66.7 - 8 - 70 -
57.4 - - - - -
23.3 - - - - -
28.6 - - - - -
46.2 - - - - -
35.3 - - - - -
9.4 9.0 - - - -
69.3 80.0 - - - -
37.4 35.8 - - - -
98.7 95.9 - - - -
45.8 - - - - -
49.2 48.8 - - - -
10.0 - - -- -
73.4 70.1 1 3 98 90
65.6 62.6 1 2 98 95
15.8 11.3 2 2 94 94
16.0 - 1 - 98 -
75.9 83.3 - - - -
32.1 24.5 - - - -
1.5 2.0 - - - -
25.7 25.5 - - - -
12.7 14.0 - - - -
36.0 36.5 13 14 55 52
1.01 1.01 15 14 48 52
44.3 40.8 8 7 73 77
38.1 34.5 21 23 27 20
8.4 4.4 16 20 45 30
77.4 79.0 25 25 13 13
19.5 15.9 - - - -
0.30 0.00 16 9 35 65
47.4 - 7 - 73 -
. - 4 - 86 -
37.5 - - - - -
20.2 19.3 - - - -
11.5 11.0 - - - -
Montenegro
PPS data from 27 Jun 2023 to 12 Jul 2023
Light protocol 0
Unknown 0 0.0 0.0

Missing 0 0

N pts Rel% N pts
Specialty with HAI
Surgery 360 35.3 13
Medicine 350 34.3 4
Montenegro (continued)

0.7 Treatment 264
2.6 Single dose 37
One day 11
>1 day 69
Other indication 0
Unknown 17
1.1
3.3
0.9
0.0
.
11.4
.

. Male gender 527 51.6 20 3.8 282 53.5
. Age, <1 year 85 8.3 5 5.9 25 29.4
60.0 Age, 1-44 years 230 22.5 6 2.6 101 43.9
. Age, ≥45 years 706 69.1 23 3.3 371 52.5
olates with known McCabe score, missing/Unknown 0 0.0 0 . 0 .
Intubation 23 2.3 7 30.4 22 95.7
Total 1021 100.0 34 3.3 497 48.7
Montenegro (continued)
IV. Indicators (for legend, see Introduction) ME EU/EEA and WB
Rel% N pts AU% N N
0.0 0 . HAI prevalence, PPS2-adjusted (1) (% patients with HAI) 10 3.3 2.1 31
Antimicrobials via parenteral route (% of total antimicrobials) 10 85.2 86.6 31
in 2016-2017, i.e. excluding healthcare-associated COVID-19 and HAIs imported from long-term care facilities; WB: W
EU/EEA and WB ME rank ME percentile
Med. of Med. of
country country
6.5 5.6 29 31 8 2
4.8 4.0 . . . .
6.2 5.8 30 29 5 8
7.2 6.8 24 23 22 25
6.0 4.8 23 22 6 10
0.91 0.82 31 29 2 8
7.5 - 16.5 - 11 -
6.0 4.8 29 31 8 2
25.8 27.5 6 5 80 85
3.8 0.0 4 5 87 84
3.8 0.0 6 19.5 82 37
79.7 - 13.5 - 54 -
81.10 - 11 - 63 -
1.21 1.34 6 5 81 84
4.3 - 7 - 78 -
0.44 0.28 1 2 98 95
20.0 - 15.5 - 48 -
42.7 28.2 24 26 13 6
5.9 4.7 18 25 35 9
63.5 - 26 - 9 -
56.3 - 23.5 - 12 -
18.9 - 26 - 6 -
23.1 - 23.5 - 12 -
45.3 - 23 - 13 -
29.8 - 23.5 - 4 -
9.1 9.0 24 24 2 2
67.5 77.5 19 21 29 21
38.7 36.7 23 28 20 2
94.9 88.8 19 16 20 33
40.4 - 24.5 - 8 -
47.4 48.1 23 23 13 17
10.0 - 13.5 - 50 -
72.7 69.2 24 27 13 5
64.8 62.4 26 29 18 8
13.5 11.0 27 26 9 12
12.4 - 27 - 2 -
74.7 82.0 25 25 2 2
25.8 20.0 24 23.5 6 8
1.5 2.0 8 7 69 73
24.3 24.3 22 19 17 29
12.5 13.5 20 20 11 11
36.6 37.0 4 6 89 82
1.02 1.04 6 7 82 79
44.9 45.9 4 5 89 85
47.5 40.0 7 8 79 76
9.1 5.2 2 1 95 98
79.2 83.3 10 11 69 66
18.9 15.4 17 20 43 33
0.33 0.00 12 19.5 57 30
43.9 - 21 - 24 -
. - 15 - 48 -
31.7 - 14 - 48 -
18.1 18.0 25 27.5 16 7
11.0 10.0 19 19.5 26 24
ong-term care facilities; WB: Western Balkan countries
Kosovo
PPS data from 02 Nov 2022 to 11 Dec 2022
Standard protocol 5
Light protocol 0
Unknown 0 0.0 0.0

Missing 2 3.2

N pts Rel% N pts
Specialty with HAI
Surgery 300 23 10
Medicine 405 31 12
Kosovo (continued)

0.5 Treatment 349
4 Single dose 11
One day 25
>1 day 171
Other indication 0
Unknown 9
3.0
9.3
0.0
.
.
2.0
1.9

. Male gender 591 45.2 35 5.9 389 65.8
. Age, <1 year 154 11.8 20 13.0 104 67.5
. Age, 1-44 years 494 37.8 13 2.6 304 61.5
. Age, ≥45 years 659 50.4 27 4.1 413 62.7
Intubation 22 1.7 12 54.5 21 95.5
Total 1307 100.0 60 4.6 821 62.8
Kosovo (continued)
IV. Indicators (for legend, see Introduction) XK EU/EEA and WB
Rel% N pts AU% N N
0.0 0 . Specialised hospitals/unknown 0 . . 24
el%=% of total N patients, with AU= Composite index of AMR (% antimicrobial-resistant isolates) . . 50.0 28
al, AU%=AU prevalence for specialty Enterobacterales resistant to carbapenems (%) . . . 27
Beds with AHR dispensers at point of care (% beds) 5- - 26
Antimicrobials via parenteral route (% of total antimicrobials) 5 94.9 95 31
Antimicrobials reviewed and changed during treatment (%) 5 0 0 29
EU/EEA and WB XK rank XK percentile
Med. of Med. of
country country
6.5 5.6 24 24 24 24
4.8 4.0 . . . .
6.2 5.8 29 27 8 15
7.2 6.8 21 20 32 35
6.0 4.8 . . . .
0.91 0.82 22 21 31 34
7.5 -. - . -
6.0 4.8 23 24 27 24
25.8 27.5 . 6.5 . 80
3.8 0.0 . . . .
3.8 0.0 29 19.5 5 37
79.7 - 28 - 2 -
81.10 - 24 - 16 -
1.21 1.34 28 26 5 12
4.3 - 5 - 84 -
0.44 0.28 25 15 16 50
20.0 - 7.5 - 76 -
42.7 28.2 27 27 2 2
5.9 4.7 27 27 2 2
63.5 - 27.5 - 4 -
56.3 - 22 - 17 -
18.9 - 13 - 54 -
23.1 - 23.5 - 12 -
45.3 - 25.5 - 4 -
29.8 - 18 - 27 -
9.1 9.0 18 16.5 27 33
67.5 77.5 26 26 2 2
38.7 36.7 14 13 52 55
94.9 88.8 22 22 7 7
40.4 - 24.5 - 8 -
47.4 48.1 - - - -
10.0 - 9 - 67 -
72.7 69.2 26 28 6 2
64.8 62.4 27 30 15 5
13.5 11.0 29 29 2 2
12.4 - 23 - 17 -
74.7 82.0 1 1.5 98 96
25.8 20.0 25 25 2 2
1.5 2.0 21 22 15 10
24.3 24.3 26 25.5 2 4
12.5 13.5 22 22 2 2
36.6 37.0 1 1 98 98
1.02 1.04 1 1 98 98
44.9 45.9 1 1 98 98
47.5 40.0 1 1.5 98 97
9.1 5.2 1 2 98 95
79.2 83.3 1 2 98 95
18.9 15.4 29 29 2 2
0.33 0.00 1 19.5 98 30
43.9 - 25 - 9 -
. - 2 - 95 -
31.7 - 25 - 6 -
18.1 18.0 29 29 2 2
11.0 10.0 20 19.5 22 24
Serbia
PPS data from 07 Nov 2022 to 18 Dec 2022
Light protocol 0
Unknown 0 0.0 0.0

Missing 0 0

N pts Rel% N pts
Specialty with HAI
Surgery 4292 31.1 162
Medicine 5314 38.6 264
Serbia (continued)

0.8 Treatment 3329
4.1 Single dose 255
One day 175
>1 day 1030
Unknown 177
5.0
2.7
1.2
1.6
7.1
1.4
5.5

. Male gender 6665 48.4 365 5.5 3208 48.1
. Age, <1 year 1053 7.6 69 6.6 355 33.7
74.1 Age, 1-44 years 3095 22.5 87 2.8 1339 43.3
35.7 Age, ≥45 years 9633 69.9 510 5.3 4476 46.5
Intubation 372 2.7 128 34.4 337 90.6
Total 13781 100.0 666 4.8 6170 44.8
Serbia (continued)
IV. Indicators (for legend, see Introduction) RS EU/EEA and WB
Rel% N pts AU% N N
Antimicrobials via parenteral route (% of total antimicrobials) 67 89.6 90.6 31
EU/EEA and WB RS rank RS percentile
Med. of Med. of
country country
6.5 5.6 22 23 31 27
4.8 4.0 . . . .
6.2 5.8 25 24 21 24
7.2 6.8 23 25 25 18
6.0 4.8 12 14 52 44
0.91 0.82 23 22 27 31
7.5 - 15 - 19 -
6.0 4.8 22 23 31 27
25.8 27.5 1 4 98 88
3.8 0.0 1 4 98 88
3.8 0.0 4 19.5 88 37
79.7 - 2 - 95 -
81.10 - 7 - 77 -
1.21 1.34 24 24 19 19
4.3 - 8 - 74 -
0.44 0.28 26 27 12 9
20.0 - 3 - 91 -
42.7 28.2 21 23 24 17
5.9 4.7 13 15 54 46
63.5 - 24 - 16 -
56.3 - 11 - 60 -
18.9 - 26 - 6 -
23.1 - 20 - 25 -
45.3 - 7 - 75 -
29.8 - 22 - 10 -
9.1 9.0 22 22 10 10
67.5 77.5 25 23 6 13
38.7 36.7 10 11 66 63
94.9 88.8 6 12 76 50
40.4 - 21 - 21 -
47.4 48.1 26 25 2 9
10.0 - 21 - 21 -
72.7 69.2 25 26 9 9
64.8 62.4 31 31 2 2
13.5 11.0 26 27 12 9
12.4 - 25 - 9 -
74.7 82.0 19 21 26 18
25.8 20.0 16 20 38 22
1.5 2.0 6 7 77 73
24.3 24.3 23 23 13 13
12.5 13.5 18 17 20 25
36.6 37.0 9 11 73 66
1.02 1.04 7 8 79 76
44.9 45.9 2 4 95 89
47.5 40.0 5 6 85 82
9.1 5.2 3 4 92 89
79.2 83.3 5 7 85 79
18.9 15.4 23 25 22 16
0.33 0.00 11 19.5 61 30
43.9 - 15 - 46 -
. - 17 - 41 -
31.7 - 19 - 29 -
18.1 18.0 23 25 22 16
11.0 10.0 17 19.5 34 24

Healthcare Associated Acute Care Hospitals Point Prevalence Survey Annex Country Summary Sheets 2022 2023

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Healthcare Associated Acute Care Hospitals Point Prevalence Survey Annex Country Summary Sheets 2022 2023

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ECDC NORMAL #_x000D_

Point prevalence survey of healthcare-associated infections and

Annex 2. Country summary sheets

Positive (`more is good’) indicators:

II. Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and antimicrobial reCount

Table 5. HAI prevalence by specialty

Table 9. Indication for antimicrobial use (AU)

%R Table 10. Prevalence of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs)

II. Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and antimicrobial resistance

Table 5. HAI prevalence by specialty

Table 9. Indication for antimicrobial use (AU)

%R Table 10. Prevalence of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs)

II. Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and antimicrobial resistance

Table 5. HAI prevalence by specialty

Table 9. Indication for antimicrobial use (AU)

%R Table 10. Prevalence of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs)

II. Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and antimicrobial resistance

Table 5. HAI prevalence by specialty

Table 9. Indication for antimicrobial use (AU)

%R Table 10. Prevalence of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs)

II. Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and antimicrobial resistance

Table 5. HAI prevalence by specialty

Table 9. Indication for antimicrobial use (AU)

%R Table 10. Prevalence of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs)

II. Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and antimicrobial resistance

Table 5. HAI prevalence by specialty

Table 9. Indication for antimicrobial use (AU)

%R Table 10. Prevalence of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs)

II. Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and antimicrobial resistance

Table 5. HAI prevalence by specialty

Table 9. Indication for antimicrobial use (AU)

%R Table 10. Prevalence of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs)

II. Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and antimicrobial resistance

Table 5. HAI prevalence by specialty

Table 9. Indication for antimicrobial use (AU)

%R Table 10. Prevalence of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs)

II. Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and antimicrobial resistance

Table 5. HAI prevalence by specialty

Table 9. Indication for antimicrobial use (AU)

%R Table 10. Prevalence of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs)

II. Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and antimicrobial resistance

Table 5. HAI prevalence by specialty

Table 9. Indication for antimicrobial use (AU)

%R Table 10. Prevalence of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs)

II. Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and antimicrobial resistance

Table 5. HAI prevalence by specialty

Table 9. Indication for antimicrobial use (AU)

%R Table 10. Prevalence of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs)

II. Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and antimicrobial resistance

Table 5. HAI prevalence by specialty

Table 9. Indication for antimicrobial use (AU)

%R Table 10. Prevalence of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs)

II. Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and antimicrobial resistance

Table 5. HAI prevalence by specialty

Table 9. Indication for antimicrobial use (AU)

%R Table 10. Prevalence of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs)

II. Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and antimicrobial resistance

Table 5. HAI prevalence by specialty