V.

Choose the most suitable words to complete the sentences

A 60-year-old woman attended her GP’s surgery complaining of breathlessness (40) on exertion.
This had been (41) increasing over the previous eight months until it was producing problems at
around 500 metres walking on the level. There was no history of chest pain. She had had several
episodes (42) of fast palpitation which lasted 20-30 minutes and were (43) associated with some
shortness of breath. She had noticed some (44) swelling of her ankles by the end of the day. This
disappeared overnight.

VI. Complete the table with the correct form of words given

Verb Noun Adjective

(45)palpatate palpation

cure cure (46curable

percuss (47) percussion

(48) diagnose diagnose diagnostic

(49) ventricle ventricular

abort (50) abortion

READING COMPREHENSION
I. Choose the correct answers to complete the following passage.
Reading 1:
The prefix haem- means blood. The study of blood is (1) ______, haemophilia is a disease of the
blood and a haemorrhage is a bruise. In humans, blood forms in the bone (2) ______ by a process
called haemogenesis. Blood circulates around the body through the (3) _____ system of arteries,
veins and capillaries. Blood has many functions. It distributes oxygen, keeps the body warm, and
removes waste. More than half of the blood in the body is a fluid called (4) _______ which is
mostly water. The rest of the blood is made up of red cells which carry oxygen, white cells which
protect against disease, and platelets which heal wounds. When someone loses a lot of blood they
need a transfusion. There are different types of human blood and medics usually use the ABO
system which puts blood into four main groups: A, B, AB, and O. The donor blood must be (5)
________ with the blood of the recipient, because a transfusion of the wrong blood can be fatal.
Medical conditions affect blood in many ways, so a blood test is a good way to get information
about a patient’s state of health. The shape, size, behaviour and number of blood cells can provide
information about kidney and liver function, about levels of hormone, glucose and cholesterol, and
about a patient’s immune system.
1) a) haematology b) haematologist c) haematological d) haematological doctor

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2) a) cavity b) cell c) marrow d) all are correct
3) a) respiratory b) cardiovascular c) cardiological d) digestive
4) a) leucocytes b) thrombocytes c) erythrocytes d) plasma
5) a) suitable b) compatible c) adaptable d) appropriate
II. Read the following passage and then choose the best item to answer the questions
Passage 1:
The human heart is divided into four chambers, each of which serves its own function in the cycle of
pumping blood. The atria are the thin-walled upper chambers that gather blood as it flows from the
veins between heartbeats. The ventricles are the thick-walled lower chambers that receive blood
from the atria and push it into the arteries with each contraction of the heart. The left atrium and
ventricle work separately from those on the right. The role of the chambers on the right side of the
heart is to receive oxygen-depleted blood from the body tissues and send it on to the lungs; the
chambers on the left side of the heart then receive the oxygen-enriched blood from the lungs and
send it back out to the body tissues.
6. The passage indicates that the ventricles
(A) have relatively thin walls (B) send blood to the atria
(C) are above the atria (D) force blood into the arteries
7. According to the passage, when is blood pushed into the arteries from the ventricles?
(A) As the heart beats (B) Between heartbeats
(C) Before each contraction of the heart (D) Before it is received by the atria
8. According to the passage, which part of the heart gets blood from the body tissues and passes it
on to the lungs?
(A) The atria (B) The ventricles (C) The right atrium and ventricle (D) The left atrium and ventricle

Passage 2:
Blood plasma is a clear, almost colorless liquid. It consists of blood from which the red and white
blood cells have been removed. It is often used in transfusions because a patient generally needs the
plasma portion of the blood more than the other components.
Plasma differs in several important ways from the whole blood. First of all, plasma can be mixed for
all donors and does not have to be from the right blood group, as whole blood does. In addition,
plasma can be dried and stored, while whole blood cannot.

9. All of the following are true about blood plasma EXCEPT that:
(A) it is deeply colored liquid (B) blood cells have been taken out of it
(C) patients are often transfused with it
(D) it is generally more important to the patient than other parts of whole blood

10. Which of the following is NOT stated about the whole blood?
(A) It is different from plasma (B) It cannot be dried
(C) It is impossible to keep it in storage for a long time (D) It is a clear, colorless liquid

Passage 3
There are several other organs that contain cells that secrete hormones. These organs
include the brain, stomach, small intestine, kidney, liver, and heart. Endocrine glands
are important organs in the human body that hormones are secreted from. All of the

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endocrine glands together make up the endocrine system. The endocrine system
coordinates the body's entire source of hormones.
The endocrine system and the nervous system interact to coordinate the overall activity
of the body, and hormones play an important role.
The chemical messengers for the nervous system are known as neurotransmitters while
the chemical messengers for the endocrine system are known as hormones. There are
some nerve cells that are able to secrete hormones. For example, epinephrine is both a
neurotransmitter and a hormone.
Hormones are normally a slower-acting and longer-lived messenger whereas the
neurotransmitters are usually fast-acting and short-lived. The effect of a hormone can
last for days, weeks, or even years.
After a hormone is released from the cell in which it is made, they bind and act on target
cells. A target cell is a specific cell a hormone binds to and carries the message. If the
hormone was not specific, all the cells in the body would react to a hormone resulting in
uncoordinated activities.
Finally, there are two main hormone classifications. They are either amino-acid-based
hormones or they are steroid-based hormones. Amino-acid-based hormones are water
soluble and made up of amino acids. Steroid-based hormones are lipid hormones made
from cholesterol and are fat soluble.
Since the human body makes more than 40 hormones, it is important that the release of
them is regulated regardless of which hormone is being produced.
Questions
1. What is the passage mainly about?
A. The product of the endocrine system.
B. Hormone classifications.
C. The organs of the endocrine system
D. the difference between neurotransmitters and hormones.
2. What are amino-acid-based hormones like?
A. Fat soluble
B. Water soluble

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C. Tissue soluble
D. Bone soluble
3. Which of the following times the time of the effects of hormone?
A. Seconds, minutes or even an hour
B. Minutes, hours, or even a day
C. Hours, days or even a week
D. Days, weeks or even a year
4. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A. The heart has same function as the brain, stomach, small intestine, kidney and liver.
B. The heart can be considered to be as a part of the endocrine system.
C. The heart produces hormones which are usually fast-acting and short-lived.
D. The heart makes more than 40 hormones.
5. How many types of hormornes are there?
A. More than 40 hormones.
B. Two main types - amino-acid-based and steroid-based hormones.
C. Three main types - amino-acid-based, steroid-based and lipid hormones.
D. Four main types - amino-acid-based, water soluble, steroid-based and fat soluble
hormones