MATHEMATICS

GRADE 11
Euclidean Geometry
Theory
Compiled by:
Sarel van Greunen
 Notes
Straight lines

𝐵&! + 𝐵&" = 180˚ 𝐵&! = 𝐵&"

∠s on a str. line Vert. opp. ∠s

Parallel lines

𝐶#! = 𝐵& 𝐵& + 𝐶# -! = 𝐵&!

𝐷
= 180˚
Corr. ∠s: AB∥CD Co-int ∠s: Alt ∠s: AB∥CD
AB∥CD

Triangles

𝐴# + 𝐵& + 𝐶# = 180˚ If 𝐵& = 𝐶# then If 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐴𝐶 then 𝐵& =

𝐴𝐵 = 𝐴𝐶 𝐶#
Int ∠𝑠 of ∆ Sides opp = ∠s ∠𝑠 opp =sides

𝐵& + 𝐴# = 𝐶#!
Exterior ∠ of ∆
Mathematics – Grade 11 Euclidean Geometry All Rights Reserved.
 Circle theorems Notes
Center of circle theorems
Theorem 1 Theorem 1 - Converse

If CD=DB, then AD⊥CD If AD⊥CB, then CD=DB

Line from center of circle Line from center of circle ⊥ to
bisects chord chord

Theorem 2 Theorem 3

𝐵𝐴#𝐶 = 2 × 𝐻- If CH is a diameter, then 𝐵& = 90˚

∠ at center= 2 × ∠ at circ ∠ in semi-circle

Special cases of theorem 2

 Cyclic Quadrilateral theorems
Theorem 4 Theorem 5 Notes

If ABCD is a cyclic quad, then If ABCD is a cyclic quad, then

𝐴# = 𝐵& 𝐴# + 𝐶# = 180˚
∠s in same segment Opp ∠s of cyclic quad

Theorem 6

𝐵𝐴#𝐶 = 2 × 𝐻-
∠ at center= 2 × ∠ at circ

Special case of Theorem 4

- = 𝐺&
If CE=EF, then 𝐷
∠s subtended by = chords
 Proving a cyclic quadrilateral Notes
Theorem 4 converse Theorem 5 Converse

If 𝐴# = 𝐵&, then ABCD is a cyclic quad If 𝐴# + 𝐶# = 180˚, then ABCD is

a cyclic quad
= ∠s subtended by same chord Opp ∠s are supp

Theorem 6 converse

If 𝐴# = 𝐶#! , then ABCD is a cyclic

quad
Ext ∠ = int opp ∠

Tangents to circles
Theorem 7 Theorem 8

If CD=DB, then AD⊥CD If GC and BC are tangents, then

CG=CB
tan⊥radius Tangents from same point
 Theorem 9 Notes

If BC is a tangent, then 𝐻𝐵&𝐶 = 𝐼#

tan-chord

Proving a tangent
Theorem 9 – Converse Theorem 7 - Converse

If 𝐻𝐵&𝐶 = 𝐼#, then BC is a tangent If A is the midpoint, with BC is a

to circle IHB. line that bisects circle at B such
that AB⊥BC, then BC is a
tangent.
tan-chord converse Radius ⊥ to bisecting line