Topic: Relations

Most Important PYQs NDA (2) 2024: - By Mohit Sir

from 𝑋 into, 𝑌. Then which one of the
1. A relation R is defined on the set 𝑍 of following is correct? [2006-I]
integers as follows: 𝑚𝑅𝑛 ⟺ 𝑚 + 𝑛 is (a) (𝑅1 ∩ 𝑅2 )−1 ⊂ 𝑅1−1 ∩ 𝑅2−1
odd. (b) (𝑅1 ∩ 𝑅2 )−1 ⊃ 𝑅1−1 ∩ 𝑅2−1
Which of the following statements (c) (𝑅1 ∩ 𝑅2 )−1 = 𝑅1−1 ∩ 𝑅2−1
is/are true for 𝑅? (d) (𝑅1 ∩ 𝑅2 )−1 = 𝑅1−1 ∪ 𝑅2−1
1. R is reflexive 2. R is 5. On the set Z of integers, relation 𝑅 is
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symmetric
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defined as "𝑎 𝑅 𝑏 ⇔ 𝑎 + 2𝑏 is an
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3. R is transitive integral multiple of 3′′ . Which one of

Select the correct answer using the the following statements is correct
code given below: [2006-I] for 𝑅? [2006-II]
(a) 2 only (b) 2 and 3 (a) R is only reflexive
(c) 1 and 2 (d) 1 and (b) R is only symmetric
3 (c) R is only transitive
2. Which of the following statements is (d) R is an equivalence relation
not correct for the relation R defined 6. A relation R is defined over the set of
by 𝑎𝑅𝑏 if and only if 𝑏 lives within non-negative integers as 𝑥𝑅𝑦 ⇒ 𝑥 2 +
one kilometre from 𝑎? [2006-I] 𝑦 2 = 36 what is 𝑅? [2007-I]
(a) R is reflexive (a) {(0,6)}
(b) R is symmetric (b) {(6,0)}, (√11, 5), (3,3, √3)
(c) R is not anti-symmetric (c) {(6,0)}, {(0,6)}
(d) None of the above
(d) (√11, 5), (2,4√2), (5√11), (4, √2, 2)}
3. Let 𝑋 be any non-empty set
7. Consider the following statements:
containing 𝑛 elements. Then what is
1. Parallelism of lines is an
the number of relations on 𝑋?
equivalence relation.
[2006-I]
2 2. 𝑥𝑅𝑦, if 𝑥 is a father of 𝑦, is an
(a) 2𝑛 (b) 2𝑛 equivalence relation.
(c) 22𝑛
(d) 𝑛2 Which of the statements given above
4. Let 𝑋 and 𝑌 be two non-empty sets
is/are correct? [2007-I]
and let 𝑅1 and 𝑅2 be two relations (a) 1 only (b) 2 Only

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 (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 11. The relation 𝑅 =
nor 2 {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3) (1, 2), (2, 3), (1, 3)}
on a set 𝐴 = {1, 2, 3} is [2010-II]
(a) reflexive, transitive but not
symmetric
(b) reflexive, symmetric but not
transitive
(c) symmetric, transitive but not
reflexive
(d) reflexive but neither symmetric
nor transitive
12. Consider the following with regard
to a relation 𝑅 on a set of real
8. If 𝐴 = {1,2,3,4}𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑅 = numbers defined by 𝑥𝑅𝑦 if and only
{(1,1), (1,3), (2,2), (3,1), (3,4), (4,3), (4,4) if 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 5 [2011-I]
is a relation on 𝐴 × 𝐴, then which I. 0 𝑅 1
1
II. 1 𝑅 2
one of the following is correct? 2 3
[2008-II] III. 3 𝑅 4
(a) R is reflexive Which of the above are correct?
(b) R is symmetric and transitive (a) I and II
(c) R is transitive but not reflexive (b) I and III
(d) R is neither reflexive nor (c) II and III only
transitive (d) I, II and III
9. If 𝐴 = {𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐}𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑅 = 13. Let 𝑀 be the set of men and 𝑅 is a
{(𝑎, 𝑎), (𝑎, 𝑏), (𝑏, 𝑐), (𝑏, 𝑏), (𝑐, 𝑐), (𝑐, 𝑎)} is relation ‘is son of’ defined
a binary relation of 𝐴, then which
one of the following is correct? on 𝑀. Then, 𝑅 is
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[2009-I] (a) an equivalence relation

(a) R is reflexive and symmetric, but
not transitive
(b) R is reflexive and transitive, but
not symmetric
(c) R is reflexive, but neither
symmetric nor transitive
(d) R is reflexive, symmetric and
transitive
10. Let X be the set of all graduates in
India. Elements x and y in X are
said to be related if they are
graduates of the same university.
Which one of the following
statements is correct?
(a) Relation is symmetric and
transitive only
(b) Relation is reflexive and
transitive only
(c) Relation is reflexive and
symmetric only
(d) Relation is reflexive symmetric
and transitive
(b) a symmetric relation only
(c) a transitive relation only
(d) None of the above
14. The relation 'has the same father as'
over the set of children is [2012-II]
(a) only reflexive
(b) only symmetric
(c) only transitive
(d) an equivalence relation
15. Let 𝑃 = {1, 2, 3} and a relation on set
P is given by the set 𝑅 =
{(1,2), (1,3), (2, 1), (1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (2, 3)}.
Then R is: [2012-II]
[2010-1] (a) Reflexive, transitive but not
symmetric
(b) Symmetric, transitive but not
reflexive
(c) Symmetric, reflexive but not
transitive
(d) None of the above
16. If A is a relation on a set R, then
which one of the following is
correct? [2013-I]
(a) 𝑅 ⊆ 𝐴 (b) 𝐴 ⊆ 𝑅

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 (c) 𝐴 ⊆ (𝑅 × 𝑅) (d) 𝑅 ⊆ (𝐴 × 𝐴) (b) Reflexive, symmetric but not
17. If 𝐴 = {1,2}, 𝐵 = {2,3} and 𝐶 = {3,4}, transitive relation
then what is the cardinality of (c) An equivalence relation
(𝐴 × 𝐵) ∩ (𝐴 × 𝐶)? [2013-II] (d) Symmetric but neither reflexive
(a) 8 (b) 6 nor transitive relation
(c) 2 (d) 1 24. The relation 𝑆 is defined on the set of
18. The relation 𝑅 in the set 𝑍 of integers 𝑍 as 𝑥𝑆𝑦 if integer 𝑥 divides
integers given by 𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏): 𝑎 − 𝑏 is integer 𝑦. Then [2014-II]
divisible by 5} is [2013-II] (a) 𝑠 is an equivalence relation.
(b) 𝑠 is only reflexive and symmetric.
(a) reflexive
(c) 𝑠 is only reflexive and transitive.
(b) reflexive but not symmetric
(d) 𝑠 is only symmetric and transitive.
(c) symmetric and transitive 25. Let 𝑋 be the set of all persons living
(d) an equivalence relation.
in a city. Persons 𝑥, 𝑦 in 𝑋 are said to
19. Let 𝐴 = (𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑) and 𝐵 = (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧). be related as 𝑥 < 𝑦 if 𝑦 is at least 5
What is the number of elements in
years older than 𝑥. Which one of the
𝐴 × 𝐵? [2013-II]
following is correct? [2015-I]
(a) 6 (b) 7
(a) The relation is an equivalence
(c) 12 (d) 64
relation on 𝑋
20. If 𝐴 is a subset of 𝐵, then which one (b) The relation is transitive but
of the following is correct? [2013-II]
neither reflexive nor symmetric
(a) 𝐴𝑐 ⊆ 𝐵 𝑐 (b) 𝐵 𝑐 ⊆ 𝐴𝑐 (c) The relation is reflexive but
(c) 𝐴𝑐 = 𝐵 𝑐 (d) 𝐴 ⊆ 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 neither transitive nor symmetric
21. Let 𝑋 be the set of all citizens of (d) The relation is symmetric but
India. Elements 𝑥, 𝑦 in 𝑋 are said to neither transitive nor reflexive
be related if the difference of their 26. Let Z be the set of integers and 𝑎𝑅𝑏,
age is 5 years. [2014-I] where 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ 𝑍 if and only if (𝑎 − 𝑏) is
Which one of the following is divisible by 5.
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correct? Consider the following statements:

(a) The relation is an equivalence [2015-I]
relation on X. 1. The relation R partitions Z into five
(b) The relation is symmetric but equivalent classes.
neither reflexive nor transitive. 2. Any two equivalent classes are either
(c) The relation is reflexive but equal or disjoint.
neither, symmetric nor transitive. Which of the above statements is/are
correct?
(d) None of the above
(a) I only
22. Consider the following relations from 𝐴
(b) 2 only
to 𝐵 where 𝐴 = {𝑢, 𝑣, 𝑤, 𝑥, 𝑣, 𝑧} 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 =
(c) Both 1 and 2
{𝑝, 𝑞, 𝑟, 𝑠} [2014-I]
(d) Neither I nor 2
1. {(𝑢, 𝑝), (𝑣, 𝑝), (𝑤, 𝑝), (𝑥, 𝑞), (𝑦, 𝑞), (𝑧, 𝑞)}
27. Let 𝐴 = {𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧} and 𝐵 = {𝑝, 𝑞, 𝑟, 𝑠}. What
2. {(𝑢, 𝑝), (𝑣, 𝑞), (𝑤, 𝑟), (𝑧, 𝑠)}
is the number of distinct relations from
3. {(𝑢, 𝑠), (𝑣, 𝑟), (𝑤, 𝑞), (𝑢, 𝑝), (𝑣, 𝑞), (𝑧, 𝑞), }
B to A? [2015-I]
4. {(𝑢, 𝑞), (𝑦, 𝑝), (𝑤, 𝑠), (𝑥, 𝑟), (𝑣, 𝑔), (𝑧, 𝑠)} (a) 4096 (b) 4094
Which of the above relations are not (c) 128 (d) 126
functions?
28. Let 𝑋 be the set of all persons living
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 1 and 4
(c) 2 and 3 (d) 3 and 4 in Delhi. The persons 𝑎 and 𝑏 in 𝑋
23. Let 𝑆 denote set of all integers. are said to be related if the
Define a relation 𝑅 on 𝑆 as ′𝑎𝑅𝑏 if difference in their ages is at most 5
𝑎𝑏 ≥ 0 where 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ 𝑆. Then R is: years. The relation is
[2014-I] [2015-II]
(a) Reflexive but neither symmetric (a) an equivalence relation
nor transitive relation (b) reflexive and transitive but not
symmetric

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 (c) symmetric and transitive but not then which one of the following is
reflexive correct? [2019-I]
(d) reflexive and symmetric but not (a) R is reflexive and symmetric, but
transitive not transitive
29. Suppose there is a relation between (b) R is symmetric and transitive,
the positive numbers 𝑥 and 𝑦 given but not reflexive
by 𝑥 ∗ 𝑦 if and only if 𝑥 ≤ 𝑦 2 . Then (c) R is reflexive and transitive, but
which one of the following is not symmetric
correct? [2016-I] (d) R is neither reflexive nor
(a) * is reflexive but not transitive transitive, but symmetric
and symmetric 34. A relation R is defined on the set N
(b) * is transitive but not reflexive of natural numbers as 𝑥𝑅𝑦 ⟹ 𝑥 2 −
and symmetric 4𝑥𝑦 + 3𝑦 2 = 0, Then which one of the
(c) * is symmetric and reflexive but following is correct? [2019-I]
not transitive (a) R is reflexive and symmetric, but
(d) * is symmetric and but not not transitive
reflexive and transitive (b) R is reflexive and transitive, but
30. Let R be a relation from 𝐴 = not symmetric
{1, 2, 3, 4} to 𝐵 = {1,3,5} such that 𝑅 = (c) R is reflexive, symmetric and
[(𝑎, 𝑏): 𝑎 < 𝑏, where 𝑎 ∈ 𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 ∈ transitive
𝐵].what is 𝑅𝑜𝑅 −1 equal to? [2016-II] (d) R is reflexive, but neither
(a) {(1,3), (1,5), (2,3), (2,5), (3, 5), (4, symmetric nor transitive
5)}
(b) {(3, 1), (5, 1), (3, 2), (5, 2), (5, 3),
(5,4)}
(c) {(3,3), (3,5), (5,3), (5,5)}
(d) {(3,3), (3,4), (4, 5)}
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31. Let 𝑆 be the set of all persons living

in Delhi. We say that 𝑥,𝑦 in 𝑆 are
related if they were born in Delhi on
the same day Which one of the
following is correct? [2017-I]
(a) The relation is an equivalent 35. Let 𝑆 = {1,2,3, … . }.A relation 𝑅 on
relation 𝑆 × 𝑆 is defined by 𝑥𝑅𝑦 if log 𝑎 𝑥 >
(b) The relation is not reflexive but it 1
log 𝑎 𝑦 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑎 = 2 .Then the relation is
is symmetric and transitive
[NDA 2020-I]
(c) The relation is not symmetric but
(a) Reflexive only
it is reflexive and transitive
(b) Symmetric only
(d) The relation is not transitive but
(c) Transitive only
it is reflexive and symmetric
(d) Both symmetric and transitive
32. If we define a relation 𝑅 on the set
36. Let 𝑅 be a relation defined as 𝑥𝑅𝑦 if
𝑁 × 𝑁 as (𝑎, 𝑏)𝑅(𝑐, 𝑑) ⟺ 𝑎 + 𝑑 = 𝑏 + 𝑐
and only if 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 20, where 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈
for all (𝑎, 𝑏), (𝑐, 𝑑) ∈ 𝑁 × 𝑁, then the
𝑁. How many elements of the form
relation is: [2017-II]
(a) symmetric only (𝑥, 𝑦) are there in 𝑅? [NDA 2021-I]
(b) symmetric and transitive only (a) 2 (b) 3
(c) equivalence relation (c) 4 (d) 6
37. Consider the following statements in
(d) reflexive only
respect of relations and functions:
33. Suppose 𝑋 {1, 2, 3, 4} and 𝑅 is a
1. All relations are functions but
relation on 𝑋. If 𝑅 =
{(1,1), (2,2), (3, 3), (1, 2), (2, 1), (2, 3), (3,2)}, all functions are not relations.

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 2. A relations from A to B is a (d) 1,2 and 3
subset of Cartesian product 𝐴 × 𝐵 41. The Cartesian product 𝐴 × 𝐴 has 16
3. A relation in A is a subset of elements among which are (0,2) and
Cartesian product 𝐴 × 𝐴. (1,3). Which of the following statements
is/are correct? [2023-II]
Which of the above statements
1. It is possible to determine set A.
are correct? NDA 2021 (II)
2. 𝐴 × 𝐴 contains the elements (3,2)
(a) 1 and 2 only Select the correct answer using the
(b) 2 and 3 only code given below.
(c) 1 and 3 only (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(d) 1,2 and 3 (c) Both 1 & 2 (d) Neither 1 nor
38. Consider the following statements in 2
respect of the relation 𝑅 in the set IN of 42. Let 𝐴 = {1,2,3, … ,20}. Define a relation 𝑅
natural numbers defined by 𝑥𝑅𝑦 if 𝑥 2 − from A to A by 𝑅 = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 4𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 1},
5𝑥𝑦 + 4𝑦 2 = 0: where 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ 𝐴. which of the following
1. 𝑅 is reflexive statements is/are correct? [2023-II]
2. 𝑅 is symmetric 1. The domain of 𝑅 is {1,4,7,10,13,16}
3. 𝑅 is transitive 2. The range of 𝑅 is {1,5,9,13,17}
Which of the above statements 3. The range of 𝑅 is equal to
is/are correct? [2022-I] codomain of 𝑅.
(a) 1 only Select the correct answer using the
(b) 2 only code given below.
(c) 1 and 2 only (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(d) 1,2 and 3 (c) 1 & 2 (d) 2 and 3
39. Consider the following statements in 43. Consider the following statements:
respect of any relation 𝑅 on a set 𝐴: [2023-II]
1. if 𝑅 is reflexive, then 𝑅 −1 is also 1. The relation 𝑓 defined by 𝑓(𝑥) =
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reflexive
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𝑥3, 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2
{ is a function.
2. if 𝑅 is symmetric, then 𝑅 −1 is also 4𝑥, 2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 8
symmetric 2. The relation 𝑔 defined by 𝑔(𝑥) =
3. if 𝑅 is transitive, then 𝑅 −1 is also 𝑥2 , 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 4
{ is a function.
transitive 3𝑥, 4 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 8
Which of the above statements are Which of the statements given above
correct? [2022-I] is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only (c) Both 1 & 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
(c) 1 and 3 only 44. Let R be a relation on the open interval
(d) 1,2 and 3 (-1, 1) and is given by R ={(x,y):|x+y|<2}.
40. Let 𝑅 be a relation from 𝑁 to 𝑁 defined Then which one of the following is correct?
by 𝑅 = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑁 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 2 = 𝑦 3 }. [2024-I]
Which of the following are not
correct? (a) R is reflexive, neither symmetric nor
1. (𝑥, 𝑥) ∈ 𝑅 for all 𝑥 ∈ 𝑁 transitive.
2.(𝑥, 𝑦) ∈ 𝑅 ⇒ (𝑦, 𝑥) ∈ 𝑅
(b) R is reflexive, symmetric but not
3. (𝑥, 𝑦) ∈ 𝑅 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (𝑦, 𝑧) ∈ 𝑅 ⇒ (𝑥, 𝑧) ∈ 𝑅
transitive
Select the correct answer using the
code given below: [2022-II) (c) R is reflexive, transitive, but not
(a) 1 & 2 only symmetric.
(b) 2 & 3 only
(d) R is an equivalence Relation
(c) 1 & 3 only

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 Answer Keys
1. A 23. C
2. B 24. .
3. C 25. B
4. D 26. .
5. D 27. .
6. C 28. D
7. A 29. A
8. D 30. C
9. C 31. A
10. D 32. C
11. A 33. D
12. C 34. D
13. D 35. C
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14. A 36. B
15. A 37. B
16. C 38. A
39. D
17. C
40. .
18. D 41. C
19. C 42. B
20. B 43. A
44. D
21. B
22. .

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 IT
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