THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

After this lesson, students will be able to…

Name the structure and functions of the cardiovascular system

Learn the structure and use of the progressive tenses in English
Write simple sentences using progressive tenses using the vocabulary related to the
cardiovascular system
THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

The cardiovascular system (CV) means pertaining to

the heart and blood vessels
Functions of the CV:
1. Circulates OXYGEN and removes Carbon Dioxide.
2. Provides cells with NUTRIENTS.
3. Removes the waste products of metabolism to the
excretory organs for disposal.
4. Protects the body against disease and infection.
5. Clotting stops bleeding after injury.
STRUCTURES OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

THE HEART
The heart is a hollow muscular organ located
between the lungs. It is a very effective pump
that furnishes the power to maintain the blood
flow needed throughout the entire body
STRUCTURES OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
Structure of THE HEART
The heart is contained in a sac called the
pericardium and has three distinct tissue layers:
The Epicardium: the inner layer of the pericardium,
a conical sac of fibrous tissue that surrounds the
heart and the roots of the great blood vessels.
The myocardium: it is the thick, middle layer of the
heart and is composed of cardiac muscle.
The endocardium: it is the innermost layer of tissue
that lines the chambers of the heart
 STRUCTURES OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

Chambers of THE HEART •

- Right atrium.
- Left atrium.
- Right ventricle.
- Left ventricle
STRUCTURES OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

THE BLOOD VESSELS

are the components of the circulatory system that
transport blood throughout the human body.
Blood vessels are found throughout the body. There
are main types of blood vessels: arteries,
arterioles, capillaries, venules and veins.
A blood vessel's main function is to transport blood
around the body. Blood vessels also play a role in
controlling your blood pressure.
STRUCTURES OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
DIVISION OF BLOOD VESSELS:
Anatomically classification:
1. Artery: Vessels which carries
oxygenated blood from heart
to body is called artery. e.g.
Aorta, arterioles etc.
2. Veins: Vessels which carries
deoxygenated blood from
body to heart is called veins.
e.g. Venules.
STRUCTURES OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

DIVISION OF BLOOD VESSELS:

Functionally classification:
1. Distribution vessels: e.g. arteries
2. Resistance vessels: e.g. arterioles
3. Exchange vessels: e.g. cappilaries
4. Capacitance vessels: e.g. veins
PROGRESSIVE/CONTINUOUS TENSES
PROGRESSIVE/CONTINUOUS TENSES

This is a category of verb tense

used to describe ongoing actions.
There are three progressive tenses:
present progressive, past
progressive and future progressive.
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE TENSE
PAST PROGRESSIVE TENSE
FUTURE PROGRESSIVE TENSE
EXERCISES
Blood flows into the atria and then the ventricles of the heart during diastole and
atrial systole, and is ejected during systole when the ventricles contract and pressure
exceeds the pressures in the pulmonary artery and aorta.
Blood __________ into the atria and then the ventricles of the heart during diastole
and atrial systole, and ________________ during systole when the ventricles
_______________ and pressure _____________ the pressures in the pulmonary
artery and aorta.
EXERCISES
The arterial pulse represents a pressure wave set up when blood is forced into the
aorta.
The arterial pulse ________________ a pressure wave set up when blood is forced
into the aorta.
Heart sounds reflect the normal vibrations set up by abrupt valve closures
Heart sounds ______________ the normal vibrations set up by abrupt valve closures
EXERCISES
In heart failure, the ejection fraction of the heart is reduced due to impaired
contractility in systole or reduced filling during diastole; this results in inadequate
blood supplies to meet the body’s needs.
In heart failure, the ejection fraction of the heart ________ reduced due to impaired
contractility in systole or reduced filling during diastole; this _________ in
inadequate blood supplies to meet the body’s needs.