Definition of Group:

A pair ( G, ∗), where G is a non-empty set and ∗ is a binary

operation on G, is called a group, if following conditions are
satisfied in G.
i. The binary operation ∗ is associative. That is,
(a ∗ b) ∗ c = a ∗ (b ∗ c) for all a, b, c ∈ 𝐺
ii. There is an element e in G such that
a∗e = e∗a = a for all a ∈ G
e is called the identity element of G.
iii. For each a ∈ G, there is an 𝑎′ ∈ G such that
a ∗ 𝒂′ = 𝒂′ ∗ a = e , a′ is called the inverse of a.
 MCQs
i. Choose the correct statement.
a. In a group G, ab = ba holds ∀ a, b ϵ G
b. In a group G, the identity element e is not unique
c. In a group G, each a ϵ G has a unique inverse.
d. There is a concept of an empty group
ii. Let α be a mapping of S = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 }
into itself. Which of the following mapping of α is
bijective.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
a.
8 4 5 7 9 10 1 3 2 6
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
b.
8 3 5 7 9 10 1 3 2 6
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
c.
4 4 5 7 9 10 1 2 6 3
iii. The following table defines a binary operation. The
resultant groupoid is a ___ ?
1 2
1 1 2
1.(1.2) = 1.2 = 2
2 2 1 (1.1).2 = 1.2 = 2
a. Semi-group 2.(2.1) = 2.2 = 1
b. Monoid (2.2).1 = 1.1 = 1
c. Group
d. All of the above
iv. A cyclic group of order n is generated by:
a. n elements A cyclic group is a group
b. one element that is generated by a single
element. That means there
c. (n – 1) elements
exists an element g (say),
d. two elements such that every other
element of the group can be
written as a power of g.
The element is called the
generator of the group.
v. Every cyclic group is:
a. Non abelian Proof:
b. Subgroup Suppose G = < x > is cyclic.
c. Abelian Take a, b ϵ G, then
a = x m , b = xn for some
d. Group
n, m ϵ Z
Then,
ab = xm.xn = xm + n = xn + m
= xn .xn = ba
 MCQs
vi. What is the inverse of - i if G = { 1, -1, i, -i } is a
group under multiplication ?
a. -i
b. i
c. 1
d. None of the above
vii. What is the identity element in the group
G = { 2, 4, 6, 8 } under multiplication modulo 10 ?
a. 5
b. 9
c. 6
d. 12
viii. A trivial subgroup consist of:
a. Identity element
Subgroup = subset + group
b. Coset Let G be a group under
c. Inverse element binary operation ∗ and H be
a subset of G.
d. Ring H is called a subgroup of G if
H forms a group under the
operation ∗ .
Every group has two
subgroups G and
e (identity element).
ix. Let K be a group with 8 elements. Let H be a
subgroup of K and H < K. It is known as the size of
H is atleast 3. The size of H is:
a. 8
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
Let’s first learn LAGRANGE’S Theorem
before solving this multiple choice question.
 Lagrange's theorem:
For any finite group G, the order of subgroup H of G
divides the order of G.
If H ≤ G, then the order of H divides order of G.
H ≤ G ⇒ 𝑯 divides 𝑮
Order of group = No. of elements in group
Let, 𝐺 = 24 , Divisors of 24 = 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24
Possible subgroups have orders = 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24
If, 𝐺 = 8, then possible subgroups have order = 1, 2, 4, 8
ix. Let K be a group with 8 elements. Let H be a
subgroup of K and H < K. It is known as the size of
H is atleast 3. The size of H is:
a. 8
b. 2 𝐺 = 8, then possible
c. 3 subgroups have
d. 4 order = 1, 2, 4, 8
x. Intersection of subgroups is a:
a. Cyclic group
b. Subgroup
c. Semi-group
d. Group
13. Both the groups of order 4, Z4 and K4 are:
a. Cyclic
b. Abelian
c. Non-abelian
d. None of these
14. Total number of subgroups in V are:
a. 8
b. 2
c. 3
d. 5
 Klein 4-group:
V = { e, a, b, c }

Subsets of V are:
{ }, { e }, { a }, { b }, { c }, { e, a }, { e, b }, { e, c }, { a, b },
{ a, c }, { b, c }, { e, a, b }, { e, a, c }, { e, b, c }, { a, b, c }
{ e, a, b, c }.

Subgroups in V are:
{e}, { e, a }, { e, b }, { e, c }, { e, a, b, c }
14. Total number of subgroups in V are:
a. 8
b. 2
c. 3
d. 5

= {e}, { e, a }, { e, b }, { e, c }, { e, a, b, c }
15. Proper subgroups in Klein four-group are:
a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 5

= {e}, { e, a }, { e, b }, { e, c }, { e, a, b, c }
 MCQs
16. If G is a group of order 12, then G must have
a subgroup of all the following orders except:
a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 6
e. 12
If G is a group of order 12, then G must have a subgroup of all the following orders except:

Lagrange’s theorem: If H ≤ G, then O(H) | O(G) 2 3 4

Converse is true only if G is abelian. 6 12
Cauchy theorem: Let G be a finite group of order n, let p be a prime
that divides n. Then G has atleast one subgroup of order p. So according
to this theorem group of order 12 must have subgroup of order 2 and 3.
Sylow’s first theorem: Let |G| = n, and let n = pk m, where p is a
prime that does not divide m. Then G has atleast one subgroup of order
pi for every integer i from 0 to k.
Prime factors of 12 = 2 x 2 x 3 , 12 = 22 3 , k =2
So, G has subgroups of order = 21 , 22 = 2, 4
 MCQs
16. If G is a group of order 12, then G must have
a subgroup of all the following orders except:
a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 6
e. 12
 MCQs
17. If G is a cyclic group of order 12, then G must have
a subgroup of all the following orders except:
a. 2
b. 3
H ≤ G ⟺ O(H) | O(G)
c. 4 if O(H) | O(G) then H ≤ G
d. 6
e. 8
18. If some groups of order; 1, 2, 4, 8 are
the subgroups of a group G. Then order of
the group G is:
a. 4 If H ≤ G, then O(H) | O(G)
b. 6 Given two integers a and b, we say a
c. 10 divides b if there is an integer c such
that b = ac, or in other words b/a = c .
d. 12 16 = 1 x 16
e. 16 16 = 2 x 8 …
19. Given the group; G = { ( 0, 1 , 2, 3 ), +4 }. The
order of element 2 is:
+4 0 1 2 3
a. 1 0 0 1 2 3
b. 2 1 1 2 3 0
c. 3 2 2 3 0 1
d. 4 3 3 0 1 2
01 = 0
11 = 1, 12 = 1 +4 1 = 2, 13 = 3, 14 = 0
21 = 2, 22 = 2 +4 2 = 0
34 = 0
20. Given Φ : G → G` from group G to G` is a
homomorphism. Then Φ is epimorphism if:
a. G` = G
A group homomorphism is a map
b. Φ is onto between two groups such that for all
c. Φ is one-one g1 , g2 ϵ G,
d. Φ is not onto G` Φ(g1g2) = Φ(g1) Φ(g2)
Φ is a group epimorphism iff Φ is
surjection.
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