Tutorial 2

1. Define Wireless PAN.

a. support a distance of up to 10 meters.
b. is the network around a single person.
c. It consists of smart phones, laptops, tablets, wearable technology or any other
personal digital device.

2. Define Wireless LAN.

a. Workstations in a small area (< 100 meters) communicate without using physical
cables.
b. small type of network used in houses, companies, schools or any other small
areas.
c. used for file sharing, resource sharing, communication in a small area.

3. What are the advantages of TDMA over FDMA?

a. Each user can access full Bandwidth of the channel (B)
b. Terminal need not transmit and receive signals at the same time and no diplexer
needed
c. Each user can access the channel for a fraction of the time it is in use (on a
periodic and orderly basis).
i. Transmission rate = N x User’s required rate
d. Only one RF carrier needed in a channel
e. Greater channel efficiency (reallocation whenever a call consists of quire time)
f. In TDMA, base station can use the same channel unit(transmitter/receiver pair)
for multiple sessions

4. Define Cochannel cells.

a. Each cell different frequency channel
b. Similar/Reused frequency channel in separated cells

5. Briefly describe SDMA.

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 a. It is space division multiple access which instead of omnidirectional antennas,
directional antennas focuses the transmission of antenna signal directly to its
target (transmit or receive):
i. Reduce the total power needed to be transmitted.
ii. Reduce the amount of interference
iii. Receiver would receive a stronger signal

b. Multibeam antennas are used to separate radio signals by pointing them along
different directions.

6. What is GSM?
a. GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) is a set of mobile
communications standards and protocols governing second-generation or 2G
networks, first developed and deployed in Europe.
b. A GSM system manages communication between mobile stations, base stations,
and switching systems.
c. Every GSM radio channel is 200 kHz wide and is additionally divided into
frames of 8-time slots. The global system for mobile communication (GSM) was
first known as Groupe Special Mobile, which is the reason for the acronym.
d. The GSM system comprises mobile stations, base stations, and intertwining
switching systems.

7. List functional unit of network switching system.

a. Mobile Services Switching Center (MSC)
b. Home Location Register (HLR)
c. Visitor Location Register (VLR)
d. Equipment Identity Register (EIR)
e. Authentication Center (AuC)

8. Give TWO (2) Malaysian Laws related to telecommunication or mobile and

wireless service.
a. Communications and Multimedia Act 1998 (“CMA”)
b. Communication and Multimedia (spectrum) Regulations 2000

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