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NATIONAL
SENIOR CERTIFICATE

GRADE 12

PHYSICAL SCIENCES
CHEMISTRY (P2)
MARKING GUIDELINES
PRE-MIDYEAR EXAMINATION
6 MAY 2024

MARKS: 150

TIME: 3 hours

This marking guidelines consists of 14 pages including data sheets

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Physical Sciences/Pre-Miyear Examination 1 LDoE May 2024

NSC – Grade 12

QUESTION 1

1.1 C ✓✓ (2)
1.2 D ✓✓ (2)
1.4 B ✓✓ (2)
1.4 B ✓✓ (2)
1.5. A ✓✓ (2)
1.6. A ✓✓ (2)
1.7. A ✓✓ (2)
1.8. D ✓✓ (2)
1.9. A ✓✓ (2)
1.10. B ✓✓ (2)

QUESTION 2

2.1. Compounds with one or more multiple bonds between C atoms in the
hydrocarbon a chain✓✓ (2 or 0)
OR
A hydrocarbon with two or more bonds between the C atoms
OR
Hydrocarbons containing not only single bonds between C atoms
2.2.1. D ✓ (1)

Marking criteria:
• Correct stem ,i.e hexane ✓
• Substituents (dimethyl) correctly identified ✓
• IUPAC name completely correct including numbering, sequence, hyphens
and commas ✓ (3)

2.2.2. 2,4-dimethylhexane ✓✓✓

2.2.3. Propan-2-ol ✓✓

Marking criteria:
• Correct stem ,i.e propanol ✓

• IUPAC name completely correct including numbering and hyphens ✓ (2)

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Physical Sciences/Pre-Miyear Examination 2 LDoE May 2024

NSC – Grade 12
2.2.4. Hept-1-ene ✓✓
Marking criteria:
• Correct stem, i.e heptene ✓
• IUPAC name completely correct including numbering and hyphens ✓ (2)

2.2.5. 2C8H18 ✓ + 25O2 16CO2 + 18H2O ✓ Bal ✓ (3)

2.2.6. Ethyl✓propanoate ✓ ✓ (3)

2.2.7. Pentanoic acid ✓✓ (2)
2.3.
2.3.1. Compounds with the same molecular formula but different functional
groups/homologous series ✓✓ (2)
2.3.2.

(2)
Marking criteria:
• Whole structure correct: 2/2
• Only functional group correct: Max. 1/2
IF:
More than one functional group: 0/2

2.4.
Marking criteria:
• Calculate the mass/percentage of oxygen ✓
• Substitute correct mass and molar mass for both C and H into n = m/M ✓
• Substitute correct mass and molar mass for both O into n = m/M ✓
• Simplify ratio. (Accept correct empirical formula if no ratio is given ✓
• Correct molecular formula ✓✓ (6)

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Physical Sciences/Pre-Miyear Examination 3 LDoE May 2024

NSC – Grade 12
Option 1
C H O
Mass 1,09 0,18 2 – (1,09 + 0,18) ✓
= 0,73

Moles n = m/M n = m/M n = m/M

1,09 0,18 0,73
= = ✓ = ✓
12 1 16

= 0,0908 = 0,18 = 0,046

Simplest ratio 2 4 2 ✓

M(C2H4O) x n = 88 (g.mol-1)
44n = 88
n=2
Molecular formula of compound X = C4H8O2 ✓✓ (6)
Option 2
C H O
Percentage 54,5 9 36,5
Moles n = m/M n = m/M n = m/M
54,5 9 36,5
= =1 ✓ = ✓
12 16

= 4,5417 =9 = 2,28

Simplest ratio 2 4 1 ✓

Empirical formula C2H4O

M(C2H4O) x n = 88 (g.mol-1)
44n = 88
n=2
Molecular formula of compound X = C4H8O2 ✓✓ (6)
[30]

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Physical Sciences/Pre-Miyear Examination 4 LDoE May 2024

NSC – Grade 12
QUESTION 3

3.1.

3.1.1. The pressure exerted by vapour at equilibrium with its liquid in a closed
system. ✓✓. (2)
3.1.2. B ✓ (1)

3.1.3. B/methyl butane ✓

• Smaller surface area ✓

• Weaker intermolecular forces✓

• Less energy needed to break the intermolecular forces ✓
A/pentane
• Larger surface area ✓

• Stronger/more intermolecular forces ✓

• More energy needed to break the intermolecular forces ✓ (3)
3.1.4. One independent variable/same homologous series and are (chain)
Isomers/same molecular mass and are (chain) isomers. ✓✓ (2)

3.2. propan -1-ol ✓

• propan -1-ol has hydrogen bonding, (dipole-dipole and London forces) ✓

between molecules propanone has dipole-dipole forces (and London forces).✓
• Intermolecular forces in propan-1-ol are stronger than intermolecular forces in
propanone. ✓ (4)
3.3.
3.3.1 Branching✓ (1)

3.3.2 From A to C: less branching/greater surface area ✓

• Stronger/more intermolecular forces (London forces) ✓

• More energy needed to break the intermolecular forces (London forces) ✓

(3)

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Physical Sciences/Pre-Miyear Examination 5 LDoE May 2024

NSC – Grade 12
3.4. Higher ✓
• Structure: Hexane has a longer chain length✓ than pentane. OR Hexane
contain more C- atoms than pentane. OR Hexane has a greater molecular
size than pentane. OR Hexane has a larger surface area than pentane.
• Intermolecular forces: Between the different molecules of hexane you will find
stronger or more intermolecular forces✓ than between the different molecules of
pentane.
• Energy: More energy needed to overcome or break intermolecular forces✓
between hexane molecules than you need between pentane molecules. (4)
3.5. Lower than ✓
• Isomers of Butane: More branching / Smaller surface area✓ (over which
the intermolecular forces act.)
• Weaker/less intermolecular forces. ✓
• Less energy needed to overcome intermolecular forces. ✓ (4)
3.6.
3.6.1. Ethanoic acid: Two sites for hydrogen bonding/forms dimers
Propan-1-ol: One site for hydrogen bonding. ✓
Therefore, it will require more energy to break the bonds between the ethanoic
acid molecules than to break the bonds between the propan-1-ol molecules,
which explains why ethanoic acid has the lower boiling point. ✓ (2)

3.6.2. Propan-1-ol has the highest vapour pressure. ✓ Because propan-1-ol has a
lower boiling point it means less energy is required to break the bond between the
particles of propan-1-ol and therefore more molecules will be present in the vapour
state and therefore vapour pressure will increase. ✓ (2)

QUESTION 4

4.1 Marking criteria

• Addition reaction / reaction of alkene / reaction of C – C
double bond /reaction of unsaturated hydrocarbon ✓
• (Addition of) hydrogen halide/HX/ hydrogen and halide. ✓

The addition ✓of a hydrogen halide/HX ✓to an alkene. (2)

4.2. Marking criteria

• Whole structure of alcohol correct. Max: 2/2

• Only functional group correct: Max: 1/2

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Physical Sciences/Pre-Miyear Examination 6 LDoE May 2024

NSC – Grade 12

H H
Ɩ Ɩ
H – C – C = C - H ✓✓
Ɩ Ɩ
H H 2)

4.3.1. Cracking ✓ (1)

4.3.2. C8H18 ✓
(1)
4.4. 1,2–dibromo✓propane ✓ (2)

4.5.1. H H H H H H
Ɩ Ɩ Ɩ ✓ ✓ Ɩ Ɩ Ɩ✓
H – C – C – C – H + NaOH/H2O H – C – C – C – H + NaCℓ/HCℓ ✓ (5)
Ɩ Ɩ Ɩ /KOH Ɩ Ɩ Ɩ /KCℓ
H Cℓ H H O✓H
Ɩ
H

Marking criteria for the alcohol

• Whole structure of alcohol correct: 2 2

• Only functional group correct: 1

2

Note
• If 1-chloropropane used as reactant, 2 marks for the primary alcohol.
• Condensed or semi-structural formula: Max. 4/5
• Molecular formula: 2/5
• If arrow in completely correct equation omitted: Max. 4/5
• The product NaCℓ/KCℓ/HCℓ must be marked in conjunction with reactant
NaOH/KOH/H2O.

(5)
4.5.2
• (Mild) heat ✓
• Dilute strong base/NaOH/LiOH/KOH OR water/H2O ✓ (2)
[15]

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Physical Sciences/Pre-Miyear Examination 7 LDoE May 2024

NSC – Grade 12

QUESTION 5
5.1.ONLY ANY ONE OF:
• Change in concentration✓ of a reactant/product per unit time.✓ .

• Rate of change in concentration. ✓✓

• Change in amount/number of moles/volume/mass of products/reactants per
(unit) time.
• Amount/number of moles/volume/mass of products formed OR reactants
used per (unit) time. (2)
5.2. More than✓ Accept

Equal to (1)
5.3. Graph of average reaction rate versus volume of Na2S2O3(aq)

Volume of Na2S2O3(aq) (cm3)

Marking criteria:
Any 3 points correctly plotted. ✓
All (5) points correctly plotted. ✓
Straight line drawn. ✓

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Physical Sciences/Pre-Miyear Examination 8 LDoE May 2024

NSC – Grade 12
(3)
5.4.
5.4.1.
Marking criteria:
y axis/y-as: 2,5 x 10-2 s-1 ✓
Dotted line drawn from the y-axis to the x-axis as shown. ✓
V = 28 to 30 cm3 ✓
(3)
5.4.2. Criteria for conclusion:
Dependent and independent variables correctly identified. ✓
Relationship between the independent and dependent
variables correctly stated. ✓

Examples:
• Reaction rate of reaction increases with an increase in concentration/volume of
sodium thiosulphate.
• Reaction rate decreases with a decrease in concentration/volume of sodium
thiosulphate.
• Reaction rate is (directly) proportional to concentration/volume of sodium
thiosulphate. (2)
5.5.
• More( Na2S2O3) particles per unit volume. ✓
• More effective collisions per unit time./Higher
frequency of effective collisions. ✓
• Increase in reaction rate. ✓ (3)
5.6.
OPTION 1 Marking criteria:
𝑚
• Substitute 32 in n = 𝑀 ✓
𝑚 1,62
n(S)produced = 𝑀 = 32 ✓ • Use ratio :
Na2S2O3: S = 1 : 1 ✓
= 0,0506 mol
𝑚
n(Na2S2O3) = n(S) = 0,0506 mol✓ • Substitute 158 in n = ✓
𝑀
• Final answer: 7,90 to 8,06 g ✓
𝑚
n(Na2S2O3) =
𝑀 OPTION 2
𝑚
0,0506 = 158 ✓ 158 g ✓ Na2S2O3 32 g ✓ S

∴x 1,62 g S✓
m(Na2S2O3) = 7,99 g ✓
158 𝑥 1,62
[Range: 7,90 to 8,06] X= = 7,99 g ✓
32

[Range: 7,90 to 8,06]

(4)
[18]

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Physical Sciences/Pre-Miyear Examination 9 LDoE May 2024

NSC – Grade 12
QUESTION 6
6.1.
6.1.1. When the equilibrium in a closed system is disturbed, the system will re
instate a new equilibrium by favouring the reaction that will oppose the
disturbance. ✓✓ (2)
6.1.2.
• Percentage yield increases with an increase in temperature. ✓
• Forward reaction is favoured. ✓

• Increase in temperature favours an endothermic reaction. ✓ (3)

6.1.3. When the pressure increases, the reaction that leads to a decrease in the
number of moles will be favoured. ✓✓

Accept:
When the pressure increases, the yield increases ✓ because the equilibrium
position shifts to the right. ✓ (2)

6.1.4. I ✓✓ (2)

6.2. Mark allocation

𝑚
• Substitution of 36,5 g∙mol-1 in n = ✓
𝑀

• Change/n(HCℓ) = initial – equilibrium. ✓

• USING ratio: 4:1:2:2✓

• Equilibrium: n(O2) & n(H2O) & n(Cℓ2) = initial ± change ✓

• Divide by volume (0,2 dm3) ✓

• Correct Kc expression (formulae in square brackets). ✓

• Substitution of reactant concentrations. ✓

• Substitution of product concentrations. ✓

• Final answer: 13,966 to 18,72✓ (9)

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Physical Sciences/Pre-Miyear Examination 10 LDoE May 2024

NSC – Grade 12
OPTION 1
HCl O2 Cl2 H2O
Initial quantity 0,2 0,11 0 0
Change (mol) 0,15 0,0375 0,075 0,075
Ratio ✓
Quantity at 0,0725
equilibrium
1,825
= 0,05 0,075 0,075 ✓
36,5
(mol)
Equilibrium 0,25 0,3625 0,375 0,375 Devide by 0,2✓
concentration
✓

No KC expression, correct substitution: Max. 8/9

Wrong KC expression Max. 5/9
(9)
OPTION 2:
𝑚 1,825
n(HCℓ) equilibrium = = = 0,05 mol ✓
𝑀 36,5

n(HCℓ) reacted = 0,2 – 0,05 = 0,15 mol ✓

n(O2) reacted = ¼n(HCℓ) reacted = ¼ x 0,15 = 0,0375 mol
n(Cℓ2) formed = ½n(HCℓ) reacted = ½ x 0,15 = 0,075 mol Using ratio ✓
n(H2O) formed = ½n(HCℓ) reacted = ½ x 0,15 = 0,075 mol

n(O2) equilibrium = 0,11 – 0,0375 = 0,0725 mol ✓

n(Cℓ2) equilibrium = n(H2O) equilibrium = 0,075 mol
𝑚 0,0375
c(O2) equilibrium = = = 0,3625 mol∙dm-3
𝑀 0,3625
Divide by 0,2✓
𝑛
c(Cℓ2) equilibrium = c(H2O) equilibrium = 𝑉
0,075
= = 0,375 mol∙dm-3
0,2

No KC expression, correct substitution: Max. 8/9

Wrong KC expression Max. 5/9 (9)

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Physical Sciences/Pre-Miyear Examination 11 LDoE May 2024

NSC – Grade 12
CALCULATIONS USING CONCENTRATIONS

Mark allocation:
𝑚
• Substitution of 36,5 g∙mol-1 n = = ✓
𝑀
• Initial concentration of reactants:
c(HCℓ) = 1,0 & c(O2) = 0,55 mol∙dm-3 ✓
• Change: c(HCℓ) = 0,75 mol∙dm-3 (initial – equilibrium) ✓
• USING ratio: 4 : 1 : 2 : 2 ✓
• Equilibrium: c(H2O) = c(Cℓ2) = 0,3625 mol∙dm-3 (initial+change) and
c(O2) = 0,3625 mol∙dm-3 (initial – change) ✓
• Correct Kc expression (formulae in square brackets). ✓
• Substitution of reactant concentrations. ✓
• Substitution of product concentrations. ✓
• Final answer: 13,97 ✓
Range: 13,966 to 18,72

OPTION 3
𝑚
n(HCℓ) equilibrium = 𝑀

1,825
= ✓
36,5
= 0,05 mol
HCl O2 H2O Cl2
Initial concentration 1,0 0,55 0 0 Devide by 0,2✓
Change in concentration 0,75 0,1875 0,375 0,375 ✓
Ratio ✓
(mol∙dm-3)
Equilibrium concentration 0,25 0,3625
0,375 0,375 ✓
(mol∙dm-3)

No KC expression, correct substitution: Max. 8/9

Wrong KC expression Max. 5/9 (9)
[18]

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Physical Sciences/Pre-Miyear Examination 12 LDoE May 2024

NSC – Grade 12
QUESTION 7
7.1.
7.1.1.
• Arrhenius defines an acid as a substance that produces H+ ions in aqueous
solution✓ and a base as a substance that produces hydroxyl ions✓ in solution.

• Lowry-Brønsted defines an acid as a proton donor✓ and a base as a proton

acceptor✓. (4)

7.1.2. H2O ✓
HSO 4- ✓ (2)

7.1.3. Strong ✓
Completely ionised (in water). ✓ (2)
7.2.
7.2.1. Marking Criteria
• Formula:

• Substitute 0,15 x 24 OR 0,15 x 0,024 ✓

• Use 26 cm3 OR 0,026 dm3 ✓
• Use mole ratio: 1:2 ✓
• Final answer: 0,28 mol∙dm-3 ✓ (0.2769… mol∙dm-3)
OPTION 1 OPTION 2

(5)

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Physical Sciences/Pre-Miyear Examination 13 LDoE May 2024

NSC – Grade 12
7.2.2.
Marking Criteria
• Calculate n(NaOH): 0,02 x 0,28 ✓
• Calculate n(H2SO4): 0,03 x 0,15 ✓
• Use ratios: n(H2SO4) = ½n(NaOH) ✓
• n(H2SO4)excess = n(H2SO4)initial – n(H2SO4)used = 0,0045 – 0,0028 ✓
𝑛
• Substitute 0,05 dm3 in c = 𝑉 ✓
• Substitution 2 x 0,034 in 2[H2SO4] ✓
• Formula: - log[H3O+] OR Substitute: - log(0,068) ✓
• Final answer: 1,10 to 1,167 ✓
OPTION 1 OPTION 2

n(NaOH) = cV
= 0,02 x 0,28 ✓
= 0,0056 mol
n(H2SO4) = 0,03 x 0,15 ✓
= 0,0045 mol

n(H2SO4)used = ½n(NaOH) ✓
= 0,0028
n(H2SO4)excess = 0,0045–0,0028 ✓
= 0,0017 mol

0,0017
𝑛
[H2SO4] = = 0,005✓
𝑉
= 0,034mol∙dm-3

[H3O+] = 2[H2SO4]
= 2 x 0,034 ✓
= 0,068mol∙dm-3

pH = - log[H3O+] OR - log(0,068) ✓
= 1,17 ✓ (1,167)
pH = -log[H3O+] OR - log(0,068) ✓
= 1,17 ✓ (1,167)

(8)
[21]
TOTAL MARKS: 150

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Physical Sciences/Pre-Miyear Examination 14 LDoE May 2024

NSC – Grade 12
QUESTION 5.3

Hand in this GRAPH SHEET with your ANSWER BOOK.

Graph of reaction rate versus volume

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