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Department of Science and Humanities

Central Calcutta Polytechnic, Kolkata
Applied Physics II
Semester II

Unit_7 : Modern Physics

MCQ with Answer

BHOR’S ATOMIC MODEL :

1. According to the Bohr atomic model, which of the following statements about electrons in
an atom is correct?
a) Electrons move in random orbits around the nucleus.
b) Electrons emit continuous spectra as they move around the nucleus.
c) Electrons can occupy any energy level within an atom.
d) Electrons occupy specific quantized orbits around the nucleus.

2. What is the fundamental assumption of the Bohr model regarding electron orbits?
a) Electrons move in elliptical orbits around the nucleus.
b) Electrons move in circular orbits at fixed distances from the nucleus.
c) Electrons move in spiral orbits towards the nucleus.
d) Electrons move in irregular orbits based on their energy.

3. According to the Bohr model, which of the following transitions would result in the
emission of a photon with the highest energy?
a) n = 1 to n = 2
b) n = 2 to n = 3
c) n = 3 to n = 4
d) n = 4 to n = 5
4. What does the principal quantum number (n) represent in the Bohr model?
a) The size of the electron cloud.
b) The shape of the electron orbit.
c) The energy level of the electron orbit.
d) The speed of the electron in its orbit.
5. According to the Bohr model, what happens when an electron jumps from a higher energy
level to a lower energy level?
a) It absorbs energy.
b) It emits energy.
c) It remains in the same energy level.
d) Its energy remains unchanged.

Answers:
1. d) Electrons occupy specific quantized orbits around the nucleus.
2. b) Electrons move in circular orbits at fixed distances from the nucleus.
3. a) n = 1 to n = 2
4. c) The energy level of the electron orbit.
5. b) It emits energy.

IONISATION ENERGY :
1. What is the ionization energy of hydrogen?
a) 13.6 eV
b) 10.2 eV
c) 2.18 eV
d) 5.4 eV
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2. Which of the following factors affects the ionization energy of hydrogen?

a) Principal quantum number
b) Spin quantum number
c) Azimuthal quantum number
d) Magnetic quantum number

4. Which of the following is true about the ionization energy of hydrogen?

a) It decreases with increasing atomic size.
b) It increases with increasing atomic size.
c) It is the energy required to remove an electron from a hydrogen atom in the ground state.
d) It is inversely proportional to the square of the principal quantum number.

5. Which of the following is the correct expression for the ionization energy of hydrogen
atom in terms of Rydberg constant (R) and principal quantum number (n)?
a) IE = -R/n2
b) IE = -R/n
c) IE = R/n2
d) IE = R/n

Answers:
1. a) 13.6 eV
2. a) Principal quantum number
4. c) It is the energy required to remove an electron from a hydrogen atom in the ground state.
5. a) IE = -R/n2.

IONISATION POTENTIAL :

1. What is the ionization potential of the hydrogen atom?

a) 13.6 eV
b) 10.2 eV
c) 2.18 eV
d) 5.4 eV

2. Which of the following factors affects the ionization potential of hydrogen?

a) Principal quantum number
b) Spin quantum number
c) Azimuthal quantum number
d) Magnetic quantum number

3. As the principal quantum number (n) increases, what happens to the ionization potential of
hydrogen?
a) Increases
b) Decreases
c) Remains constant
d) No predictable trend

4. Which of the following is true about the ionization potential of hydrogen?

a) It decreases with increasing atomic size.
b) It increases with increasing atomic size.
c) It is the energy required to remove an electron from a hydrogen atom in the ground state.
d) It is inversely proportional to the square of the principal quantum number.
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5. Which of the following is the correct expression for the ionization potential of hydrogen
atom in terms of Rydberg constant (R) and principal quantum number (n)?
a) IP = -R/n2
b) IP = -R/n
c) IP = R/n2
d) IP = R/n

Answers:
1. a) 13.6 eV
2. a) Principal quantum number
3. a) Increases
4. c) It is the energy required to remove an electron from a hydrogen atom in the ground state.
5. a) I.P. = -R/n2

X-RAYS :
1. What type of electromagnetic radiation are X-rays?
a) Ultraviolet radiation
b) Infrared radiation
c) Gamma radiation
d) Electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths shorter than ultraviolet light

2. Who is credited with the discovery of X-rays?

a) Marie Curie
b) Wilhelm Röntgen
c) Ernest Rutherford
d) Albert Einstein

3. Which of the following is NOT a common application of X-rays?

a) Medical imaging
b) Security screening
c) Food preservation
d) Material analysis

4. How are X-rays produced in X-ray tubes?

a) By passing a beam of electrons through a metal target
b) By passing a beam of protons through a metal target
c) By passing a beam of neutrons through a metal target
d) By passing a beam of photons through a metal target

5. Which of the following materials is commonly used as a target in X-ray tubes?

a) Lead
b) Aluminum
c) Tungsten
d) Copper

6. What property of materials allows X-rays to be used for medical imaging?

a) Density
b) Atomic number
c) Electrical conductivity
d) Thermal conductivity

7. What is the main risk associated with excessive exposure to X-rays?

a) Radiation burns
b) Radiation poisoning
c) Increased risk of cancer
d) Vision impairment
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Answers:
1. d) Electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths shorter than ultraviolet light
2. b) Wilhelm Röntgen
3. c) Food preservation
4. a) By passing a beam of electrons through a metal target
5. c) Tungsten
6. b) Atomic number
7. c) Increased risk of cancer

LASER :
1. What does the term "LASER" stand for?
a) Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
b) Laser Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiance
c) Light Absorption by Stimulated Emission of Radiance
d) Laser Absorption by Stimulated Emission of Radiation

2. Which of the following properties is NOT typically associated with laser light?
a) Monochromaticity
b) Coherence
c) Divergence
d) Collimation

3. Which of the following materials is commonly used as the gain medium in a laser?
a) Glass
b) Water
c) Ruby
d) Plastic

4. What is the process responsible for amplifying light in a laser?

a) Spontaneous emission
b) Stimulated emission
c) Absorption
d) Reflection

5. In which of the following applications are lasers commonly used?

a) Tattoo removal
b) Optical fiber communication
c) Barcode scanning
d) All of the above

6. Which of the following types of lasers typically emits the shortest wavelength light?
a) Gas lasers
b) Solid-state lasers
c) Semiconductor lasers
d) Dye lasers

7. What is the primary difference between continuous-wave (CW) lasers and pulsed lasers?
a) CW lasers emit light continuously, while pulsed lasers emit light in short bursts.
b) CW lasers emit shorter wavelength light than pulsed lasers.
c) Pulsed lasers have higher power output than CW lasers.
d) CW lasers have shorter coherence length than pulsed lasers.

Answers:
1. a) Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
2. c) Divergence
3. c) Ruby
4. b) Stimulated emission
5. d) All of the above
6. d) Dye lasers
7. a) CW lasers emit light continuously, while pulsed lasers emit light in short bursts.
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FIBRE OPTICS :
1. What is the principle behind fiber optics transmission?
a) Refraction
b) Reflection
c) Diffraction
d) Total internal reflection.
2. In fiber optics, which type of material forms the core of the optical fiber?
a) Glass
b) Plastic
c) Metal
d) Semiconductor
3. What is the function of the cladding layer in an optical fiber?
a) To guide light within the core by total internal reflection
b) To absorb excess light energy
c) To amplify the light signal
d) To protect the core from external damage

4. Which of the following properties is an advantage of optical fibers over traditional metal wires for
communication?
a) Lower bandwidth
b) Greater susceptibility to electromagnetic interference
c) Higher data transmission rates
d) Lower attenuation

5. What is the typical diameter of a single-mode optical fiber core?

a) 50 micrometers
b) 125 micrometers
c) 200 micrometers
d) 500 micrometers

6. What is the term for the phenomenon where light signals transmitted through an optical fiber
disperse over time and distance?
a) Dispersion
b) Attenuation
c) Absorption
d) Reflection

7. Which of the following is NOT a common application of fiber optics?

a) Telecommunications
b) Medical imaging
c) Internet connectivity
d) Electrical power transmission

8. What is an optical transmitter responsible for in a fiber optic communication system?

a) Converting electrical signals into optical signals
b) Converting optical signals into electrical signals
c) Amplifying optical signals
d) Regenerating optical signals

Answers:
1. d) Total internal Reflection
2. a) Glass
3. a) To guide light within the core by total internal reflection
4. c) Higher data transmission rates
5. a) 50 micrometers
6. a) Dispersion
7. d) Electrical power transmission
8. a) Converting electrical signals into optical signals
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NANOSCIENCE :

1. What is nanoscience?
a) The study of large-scale structures and phenomena
b) The study of materials and phenomena at the nanometer scale
c) The study of astronomical objects and phenomena
d) The study of biological systems and processes

2. Which of the following statements best describes the significance of the nanometer scale?
a) It is the scale at which atoms and molecules interact.
b) It is the scale at which macroscopic objects are visible to the naked eye.
c) It is the scale at which biological cells can be observed.
d) It is the scale at which planets and stars are measured.

3. What is a nanoparticle?
a) A particle with a diameter greater than 1 micrometer
b) A particle with a diameter between 1 and 100 nanometers
c) A particle with a diameter greater than 100 nanometers
d) A particle with a diameter smaller than 1 picometer

4. Which of the following is NOT a property commonly associated with nanomaterials?

a) Enhanced electrical conductivity
b) Increased surface area
c) Reduced mechanical strength
d) Unique optical properties

5. What is the term for the process of deliberately manipulating materials at the nanometer scale?
a) Nanoengineering
b) Nanolithography
c) Nanomanipulation
d) Nanofabrication

6. Which of the following fields does nanoscience NOT impact?

a) Electronics
b) Medicine
c) Agriculture
d) Geology

7. What is the significance of quantum confinement in nanomaterials?

a) It allows for the manipulation of individual atoms.
b) It enhances the mechanical properties of nanomaterials.
c) It leads to the emergence of size-dependent electronic properties.
d) It decreases the surface area of nanoparticles.

8. Which of the following is an example of a bottom-up approach to nanofabrication?

a) Lithography
b) Chemical vapor deposition
c) Ball milling
d) Mechanical exfoliation

Answers:
1. b) The study of materials and phenomena at the nanometer scale
2. a) It is the scale at which atoms and molecules interact.
3. b) A particle with a diameter between 1 and 100 nanometers
4. c) Reduced mechanical strength
5. d) Nanofabrication
6. d) Geology
7. c) It leads to the emergence of size-dependent electronic properties.
8. b) Chemical vapor deposition
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NANOTECHNOLOGY :
1. What is nanotechnology?
a) The study of large-scale structures and phenomena
b) The study of materials and phenomena at the nanometer scale
c) The study of astronomical objects and phenomena
d) The study of biological systems and processes

2. Which of the following statements best describes the significance of nanotechnology?

a) It enables the manipulation of individual atoms and molecules.
b) It is only applicable to the field of electronics.
c) It focuses solely on the study of nanoparticles.
d) It is limited to the study of biological systems.

3. What are carbon nanotubes?

a) Cylindrical structures made of carbon atoms, with diameters in the nanometer range
b) Nanoscale particles composed of pure carbon
c) Tubular structures made of silica nanoparticles
d) Crystalline forms of carbon with macroscopic dimensions

4. Which of the following is NOT a potential application of nanotechnology?

a) Drug delivery
b) Energy storage
c) Food preservation
d) Space exploration

5. What is the primary challenge in the fabrication of nanoscale structures?

a) Controlling temperature
b) Controlling pressure
c) Overcoming quantum effects
d) Preventing chemical reactions

6. Which of the following is an example of a top-down approach to nanofabrication?

a) Chemical vapor deposition
b) Atomic layer deposition
c) Mechanical milling
d) Self-assembly

7. What is the term for the process of assembling atoms or molecules into well-defined structures at the
nanometer scale?
a) Bottom-up approach
b) Top-down approach
c) Nanomanipulation
d) Nanopatterning

8. Which of the following properties of nanoparticles makes them useful in drug delivery applications?
a) Large size
b) Rapid degradation
c) High surface area-to-volume ratio
d) Low reactivity

Answers:
1. b) The study of materials and phenomena at the nanometer scale
2. a) It enables the manipulation of individual atoms and molecules.
3. a) Cylindrical structures made of carbon atoms, with diameters in the nanometer range
4. c) Food preservation
5. c) Overcoming quantum effects
6. c) Mechanical milling
7. a) Bottom-up approach
8. c) High surface area-to-volume ratio.