12 Chapter

Plant Growth & Development

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. Development is (d) Both (a) and (c)

(a) Growth
6.
(b) Differentiation
(c) Growth + differentiation
(d) Growth – differentiation

Topic
1 Growth

2. Growth of living being is/are-

(a) Irreversible Choose the correct label-
(b) Increase in size
(i) (ii) (iii)
(c) Increase in weight
(a) Shoot Root Vascular
(d) All of these
apical apical cambium
3. Swelling of piece of wood when placed in water meristem meristem
is (b) Root apical Shoot Vascular
(a) Growth but not development meristem apical cambium
(b) Development but not growth meristem
(c) No growth and development (c) Shoot Root Vascular
(d) Both growth & development parenchym a parenchyma bundle
(d) Root Shoot Vascular
Topic Plant Growth generally is parenchym a parenchyma bundle
2 Indeterminate
7. Plant grows
4. Secondary growth does occur in- (a) for a limited time in life
(a) All angiosperms and no gymnosperms (b) for a very long time in life
(b) Some angiosperms and gymnosperms (c) for a very short time in a life
(c) No angiosperm and only gymnosperms (d) for unlimited time throughout life
(d) All angiosperms and all gymnosperms 8. The given figure shows-
5. Secondary growth does not mean-
(a) Increase in length of plant
(b) Increase in girth of plant
(c) Increase in diameter of plant
133 Biology
(a) Germination & development in bean Topic
(b) Germination & development in maize Phases of Growth
4
(c) Germination & development in pea
(d) Germination & development in gram 13. The three phases of growth in correct order is-
9. Plant grows throughout the life due to- (a) Meristematic, maturation, elongation
(a) Meristematic tissue (b) Elongation, meristematic, maturation
(b) Parenchyma tissue (c) Meristematic, elongation, maturation
(c) Epidermal tissue (d) Elongation, maturation, meristematic
(d) More than one option is correct 14. Cells in meristematic phase of growth-
10. Open form of growth involves (a) have small nuclei
(a) Continuous division in all cells forming new (b) have low plasmodesmatal connections
set of cells which divide further necessarily. (c) have thick cell wall
(b) Division in some cells forming new set of (d) are rich in protoplasm
cells which do not divide further necessarily 15. The phase of maturation lies-
(c) No division at all (a) Proximal to cells undergoing elongation,
(d) Division in some cells at the time of injury towards the tip
which forms new set of cells to heal the (b) Proximal to cells undergoing elongation,
injury away from the tip
Topic (c) Proximal to cells of meristematic zone,
3 Growth is Measurable away from the tip
(d) Proximal to cells of meristematic zone,
11. Growth can be measured by measuring increase towards the tip
in –
16. Increased vacuolation is a characteristics of –
(a) Amount of protoplasm
(a) Meristematic phase
(b) Dry weight
(b) Maturation phase
(c) Cell number
(c) Elongation phase
(d) Both (b) and (c)
(d) All of these
12. Match the column with respect to measurement
17. Thickest cell wall is present in –
of growth and plants in which it is used.-
(a) Meristematic phase
Column I Column II
(b) Maturation phase
A. Maize i Length
(c) Elongation phase
B. Watermelon ii Surface area
(d) Both (b) and (c)
C. Pollen tube iii Cell number
D. Dorsiventralleaf iv Cell size Topic
5 Growth Rates
(a) A-iii, B-iv, C-i, D-ii
(b) A-iii, B-ii, C-i, D-iv 18. Choose the correct set of option for size or
(c) A-iv, B-iii, C-i, D-ii weight of organ against time.
(d) A-i, B-ii, C-iv, D-iii (i) W1 = Wo ert
(ii) Lt = Lo + rt
(iii) Linear growth curve
(iv) Sigmoid growth curve
134 Biology
(v) Arithmetic growth 23. Identify the given figure:
(vi) Geometric growth
(a) (i), (iii), (iv) (b) (ii), (iii), (vi)
(c) (i), (iv), (vi) (d) (ii), (iv), (v)
19. The three phases of sigmoid growth occur in
order are –
(a) Log, lag, stationary
(b) Log, stationary, lag
(c) Lag, log, stationary
(a) Figure shows geometric growth with
(d) Lag, stationary, log
formula Lt = Lo + rt
20. In the formula W1 = Wo ert , r is – (b) Figure shows geometric growth with
(a) Relative growth rate formula W1 = Wo ert
(b) Efficiency index (c) Figure shows arithematic growth with
(c) Ability of plant to produce new plant formula Lt = Lo + rt
material (d) Figure shows arithematic growth with
(d) All of these formula W1 = Wo ert
21. Choose the correct option – 24. Identify the given figures:

(a) Absolute growth rate of A is more than that (a) Figure shows geometric growth with
of B formula Lt = Lo + rt
(b) Absolute growth rate of B is more than that (b) Figure shows geometric growth with
of A formula W1 = Wo ert
(c) Relative growth rate of A is more than that (c) Figure shows arithematic growth with
of B formula Lt = Lo + rt
(d) Relative growth rate of B is more than that (d) Figure shows arithematic growth with
of A formula W1 = Wo ert
22. Increased growth per unit time is called-
(a) Growth index
(b) Growth rate
(c) Growth efficiency index
(d) Both (a) and (c)
135
25. Choose the correct option with respect to given
figures of stages of embryo development:
(a) (i) is arithmetic growth phase
(b) (i) is geometric growth phase
(c) (ii) is arithmetic growth phase
(d) (ii) is geometric growth phase
Biology
29. Read the following statements –
(i) Cork cambium is a layer of meristem
formed from parenchyma cells
(ii) Intrafascicular cambium is a layer of
parenchyma cells formed from meristem
(iii) Vascular cambium divide and produce cells
that differentiate again
(iv) Plant growth can be determinate or
indeterminate
(v) Final structure of cells are never determined
by location of cells
(vi) The differentiation in plant cells are closed
and dependent on position
How many of the above statements are correct?
(a) 3 (b) 4
(c) 5 (d) 6

Topic Topic
6 Conditions Growth Development
8
26. The factors affecting growth can be – 30. Identify the correct labels –
(a) Water, temperature, light, gravity
(b) Water, temperature, light but not gravity
(c) Water, light but not temperature & gravity
(d) Water, light, gravity but not temperature

Topic (a) (i)-Expansion, (ii)-Plasmatic growth, (iii)-

7 Differentiation, Dediffe- Maturation
rentiation and Redifferentiation (b) (ii)-Elongation, (i)-Plasmatic growth, (iii)-
Maturation
27. During differentiation (c) (iii)- Elongation, (ii)-Plasmatic growth,
(a) Structural changes occur in nucleus and (i)-Maturation
cytoplasm (d) (iii)-Expansion, (i)-Plasmatic growth, (ii)-
(b) Functional changes occur in nucleus and Maturation
cytoplasm
31. Plasticity can be seen in –
(c) Structural changes occur in cell wall and
(a) Cotton (b) Coriander
protoplasm
(c) Buttercup (d) All of these
(d) All of these
32. Environmental heterophylly can be seen in –
28. Dedifferentiation can be seen in formation of–
(a) Larkspur (b) Cotton
(a) Intrafascicular parenchyma
(c) Coriander (d) Buttercup
(b) Intrafascicular cambium only
(c) Interfascicular cambium only
(d) Entire vascular cambium
136 Biology
33. The given figure show –
Topic
9 Plant Growth Regulation

37. PGRs are –

(a) Small, simple, molecules of diverse
chemical composition
(a) Developmental heterophylly in buttercups (b) Large, simple molecules of diverse
(b) Environmental heterophylly in larkspur chemical composition
(c) Environmental heterophylly in buttercup (c) Small, complex molecules of diverse
(d) Developmental heterophylly in Larkspur chemical composition
(d) Large, complex molecules of diverse
34. The figure shows sequence of the development chemical composition
process in
38. An example of adenine derivative PGR
(a) IAA (b) Kinetin
(c) ABA (d) Gibberellic acid
39. Gibberellic acid is –
(a) Indole compound
(b) Adenine compound
(c) Carotenoid derivative
(d) Terpene derivative
(a) A plant cell (b) Plant tissue
(c) Plant organs (d) All of these 40. Abscisic acid is –
(a) Indole compound
35. The given figure show – (b) Adenine compound
(c) Carotenoid derivative
(d) Terpene derivative
41. Kinetin is –
(a) Indole compound
(b) Adenine compound
(c) Carotenoid derivative
(a) Developmental heterophylly in buttercups (d) Terpene derivative
(b) Environmental heterophylly in larkspur 42. A gaseous PGR is
(c) Environmental heterophylly in buttercup (a) ABA (b) Ethylene
(d) Developmental heterophylly in larkspur (c) GA3 (d) IAA
36. Intrinsic factors responsible for growth & 43. The PGRs that play important role in plant
development include – responses to wounds are –
(a) Intracellular (plant growth regulators) (a) Auxin (b) Cytokinin
(b) Intercellular (genetic) (c) Gibberellin (d) Abscisic acid
(c) Intercellular (plant growth regulators)
(d) More than one option is correct
137 Biology
44. PGR Ethylene can fit into – (a) A-iii, B-i, C-ii, D-iv
(a) Group of plant growth promoters (b) A-iv, B-ii, C-i, D-iii
(b) Group of plant growth inhibitors (c) A-i, B-iii, C-iv, D-ii
(c) Both the groups of promoter & inhibitors (d) A-ii, B-iv, C-iii, D-i
but mostly inhibitor 49. Abscisic acid was independent discovered by
(d) Both the groups of promoter and inhibitors three different researchers and named as –
but mostly promoter (a) Inhibitor-A, abscission-III, dormin
Topic (b) Inhibitor-C, abscission-II, dormane
10 The Discovery of PGR (c) Inhibitor-B, abscission-II, dormin
(d) Inhibitor-B, abscission-II, dormane
45. Discovery of how many out of 5 major PGRs
50. The term kinetin was given by –
was accidental?
(a) Muller et al. (b) Kurosawa et al.
(a) 2 (b) 1
(c) Cousins et al. (d) None of these
(c) 3 (d) 5
51. The foolish seedling disease of rice is caused
46. Match the scientist with the plant they worked
by–
on –
(a) Nematode (b) Bacteria
Column I Column II
(c) Fungus (d) Virus
A. F.W.Went i Canary grass
B. E. Kurosawa ii Avena(oat) 52. Auxin was isolated by _(i)_ from _(ii)_
C. Charles & iii Tobacco (i) (ii)
Francis Darwin A Francis Coleoptile of oat
D. Skoog iv Rice Darwin seedling
(a) A-iv, B-ii, C-iii, D-i B Francis Coleoptile of canary grass
Darwin
(b) A-iii, B-i, C-ii, D-iv
C F.W. Went Coleoptile of oat seedlings
(c) A-ii, B-iv, C-i, D-iii
D F.W. Went Coleoptile of canary grass
(d) A-i, B-iii, C-iv, D-ii
53. The figure shows –
47. Cousins confirmed the release of a volatile
substance _(i)_, from ripened _(ii)_ that
hastened the ripening of stored unripe _(iii)_.
(a) (i)-ABA, (ii)-bananas, (iii)-oranges
(b) (i)-ABA, (ii)-oranges, (iii)-bananas
(c) (i)-C2H4, (ii)-bananas, (iii)-oranges
(d) (i)- C2H4, (ii)- oranges, (iii)-bananas
(a) Experiment to show that tip of coleoptile
48. Match the PGR with the plants which played produces gibberelin
role in their discovery – (b) Experiment to show that tip of coleorhiza
Column I Column II produces gibberelin
A Auxin i Tobacco (c) Experiment to show that tip of coleorhiza
B Gibberellin ii Rice produces auxin
C Cytokinin iii Orange (d) Experiment to show that tip of coleoptile
D Ethylene iv Avena produces auxin
138 Biology
62. Assertion: Auxin is widely used in plant
Topic propagation.
11 Auxin Reason: Auxin initiates rooting.
54. Auxin – Choose the correct option -
(a) promotes apical dominance (a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct, and
(b) prevent apical dominance Reason is correct explanation of Assertion
(c) both promote & prevent apical dominance (b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct, but
based on condition Reason doesn’t explain Assertion
(d) can’t say (c) Assertion is correct but Reason is wrong
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect
55. In tea plantation and hedge -making
(a) Lateral buds are removed 63. Auxins promote –
(b) Shoot tips are removed (a) Rooting in stem cuttings
(c) Root tips are removed (b) Flowering in pineapples
(d) None of these (c) Bolting in beet
56. Auxin – (d) Both (a) and (b)
(a) induces parthenocarpy 64. Statement-I: Auxin prevent fruit and leaf drop
(b) act as herbicide at early stage Statement-II: Auxin promote
(c) help in cell division abscission of older mature leaves & fruits.
(d) all of these
Choose the appropriate option –
57. 2, 4-D is used to – (a) Statement-I is correct and Statement-II is
(a) kill gymnosperms usually incorrect
(b) kill dicot usually (b) Statement-I is incorrect and Statement-II is
(c) kill monocot usually correct
(d) Both (a) and (b) (c) Both Statement-I & Statement-II are correct
58. Auxin was first isolated from – (d) Both Statement-I & Statement-II are
(a) Xylem sap (b) Phloem sap incorrect
(c) Human urine (d) Root exudates Topic
12 Gibberellins
59. Synthetic auxins –
(a) IAA (b) IBA
65. Gibberellins is used to improve yields of –
(c) NAA (d) Both (a) and (c)
(a) Apple (b) Grape
60. Auxin isolated from plant – (c) Sugarcane (d) All of these
(a) NAA (b) IAA
66. Assertion: Juvenile conifers are sprayed with
(c) 2, 4-D (d) Both (a) and (b)
GA.
61. Auxins are generally produced by –
Reason: GA delays senescence and malting
(a) Growing apex of root & shoot
period.
(b) Epidermal tissue of shoots only
(c) Xylem secondary cells Which of the given options are correct?
(d) Endodermal cells of roots & shoot (a) Both Assertion & Reason are correct and
Reason is correct explanation of Assertion
139 Biology
(b) Both Assertion & Reason are correct but (a) Both Assertion & Reason are correct and
Reason is not explanation of a Assertion Reason is correct explanation of Assertion
(c) Assertion is correct but Reason is wrong (b) Both Assertion & Reason are correct but
(d) Both Assertion & Reason are incorrect Reason is not explanation of Assertion
67. Bolting is – (c) Assertion is correct but Reason is wrong
(a) Yellowing of leaves (d) Both Assertion & Reason are in correct
(b) Node elongation prior to flowering 74. Which of these are correct –
(c) Early maturing and seed production (a) ABA shows the malting process in brewing
(d) None of these industry
68. GA promotes bolting in – (b) ABA speeds the malting process in brewing
(a) Beet industry
(b) Cabbages (c) GA3 slows the malting process in brewing
(c) Plants with rosette habit industry
(d) All of these (d) GA3 speeds the malting process in brewing
industry
69. Gibberellins are
(a) Promotory PGR Topic
(b) Inhibitory PGR 13 Cytokinins
(c) Neither promotory nor inhibitory PGR
(d) Both promotory and inhibitory PGR 75. Cytokinins were discovered as –
(a) Kinin (b) Kinetin
70. Which of the following statements are incorrect? (c) Kinesin (d) Zentin
(a) There are more than 100 gibberellins
reported 76. Kinetin is a modified form of –
(b) GA3 was one of the gibberellins to be (a) Purine – guanine
discovered (b) Pyrimidine – cytosine
(c) All GA. are basic (c) Purine – adenine
(d) GAs are also reported in fungi (d) Pyrimidine – thymine
71. Gibberellins is used in grapes for – 77. Kinetin was discovered from –
(a) Increase in length of stalk (a) Autoclaved herring egg DNA
(b) Increase in girth of stalk (b) Human urine
(c) Decrease in length of stalk (c) Corn kernel
(d) Decrease in girth of stalk (d) None of these
72. Gibberellins – 78. Read the following statements regarding
(a) Promotes senescence cytokinin –
(b) Delay senescence (i) Kinetin occurs naturally in plants
(c) Neither promotes not delays senescence (ii) Kinetin was discovered from coconut milk
(d) Both promote & delay senescence based on (iii) Zeatin does not occur naturally in plants
situation (iv) Zeatin was isolated from human DNA
73. Assertion: Spraying gibberellins on fruits extend How many of the statements are incorrect –
its market period (a) 1 (b) 2
Reason: Gibberellins delays senescence Choose (c) 3 (d) 4
the best option –
140 Biology
(c) Male flowers in cucumber, increasing the
79. Natural cytokinin may be synthesized in – yield
(a) Root apex (d) Male flowers in cucumber, decreasing the
(b) Developing shoot buds yield
(c) Young fruits 85. Ethylene is synthesized in large amounts by –
(d) More than one options are correct (a) ripening fruit
80. Cytokinin helps to produce – (b) Tissues undergoing senescence
(a) Chloroplast in leaves (c) Newly developed leaves
(b) Elongation in sugarcane (d) More than one option is correct
(c) Synchronized fruit set in pineapple 86. Ethylene causes _(i)_ growth of seedling,
(d) Flowering in pineapple swelling of axis and apical hook formation in
_(ii)_ seedling
Topic
Ethylene (i) (ii)
14 (a) Horizontal Monocot
81. Ethylene – (b) Vertical Dicot
(a) Promotes root hair formation and increase (c) Horizontal Dicot
in absorption surface (d) Vertical Monocot
(b) Demotes root hair formation and increase 87. Ethylene promotes –
in absorption surface (a) Senescence and abscission of flowers
(c) Promotes root hair formation and decrease (b) Senescence but not abscission of flowers
in absorption surface (c) Abscission of flowers but not senescence
(d) Demotes root hair formation and decrease (d) Neither senescence nor abscission of
in absorption surface flowers
82. Ethylene initiates – 88. Ethylene in fruits causes –
(a) Flowering in pineapple (a) Rise in rate of respiration called respiratory
(b) Flowering in mango anti-climactic
(c) Synchronizing fruit-set in pineapple (b) Rise in rate of respiration called respiratory
(d) All of these climactic
83. Most widely used source of ethylene – (c) Fall in rate of respiration called respiratory
(a) Is ethephon anti-climactic
(b) Hastens fruit ripening in tomato and apple (d) Fall in rate of respiration called respiratory
(c) In aqueous solution is absorbed on the plant climactic
roots 89. Ethylene –
(d) More than one options are correct (a) Promotes seed and bud dormancy
84. Ethylene promotes – (b) Promotes only seed dormancy
(a) Female flowers in cucumber, increasing the (c) Promotes only bud dormancy
yield (d) None of these
(b) Female flowers in cucumber, decreasing the 90. Statement-I: Ethylene promotes internode/
yield petiole elongation in deep water rice plants
Statement-II: Ethylene helps upper part of shoot
to remain above water.
141 Biology
Choose the appropriate option – Topic
(a) Statement-I is correct and Statement-II is Photoperiodism
16
incorrect
(b) Statement-I is incorrect and Statement-II is 96. Identify the correct labels –
correct
(c) Statement-I and Statement-II are correct
(d) Statement-I and Statement-II are incorrect

Topic
15 Abscisic Acid

91. ABA is –
(a) Inhibitor of plant growth and metabolism
(b) Inhibitor of plant growth but not metabolism
(c) Inhibitor of plant metabolism but not
growth
(d) Inhibitor of neither plant growth nor
(i) (ii) (iii)
metabolism
(a) Long day Day neutral Short day
92. ABA – plant plant plant
(a) Inhibits seed germination (b) Short day Day neutral Long day
(b) Promots seed dormancy plant plant plant
(c) Inhibits seed dormancy (c) Long day Short day plant Day neutral
(d) Both (a) and (b) plant plant
93. ABA is called stress hormone because (d) Short day Long day Day neutral
(a) It causes stress to plant plant plant plant
(b) It is released during stress in plant 97. Read the given statements –
(c) It helps plant to fight stress conditions
Statement-I: Some plants require a periodic
(d) More than one options are correct
exposure to light to include flowering
94. ABA stimulates –
Statement-II: Some plants are able to measure
(a) Stomata opening for more CO2 exchange
the duration of exposure to light
(b) Stomata closure to decrease transpiration
(c) Stomata opening to cause transpiration & Choose the correct statements –
calling effect (a) Both statements are correct and are about
(d) Both (b) and (c) photoperiodism
(b) One of the statements is correct and about
95. In most situation, ABA acts as an antagonist to-
photoperiodism
(a) Auxin (b) GA
(c) Both statements are correct and is about
(c) Cytokinin (d) Ethylene
vernalization
(d) One of the statements is correct about
vernalization
142 Biology

98. For day neutral plants, there is Topic

(a) No correlation between light duration and 18 Seed Dormancy
flowering
104. Germination may not occur due to –
(b) Direct correlation between light duration
(i) Hard seed coat
and flowering
(ii) Immature embryo
(c) Indirect correlation between light duration
(iii) Chemical inhibitors
and flowering
(iv) Harsh environment
(d) Direct correlation between light intensity
and flowering How many of the above are correct?
(a) 1 (b) 2
99. In photoperiodism –
(c) 4 (d) 3
(a) Duration of light period only matters
(b) Duration of dark period matters only 105. Seed coat dormancy is broken by –
(c) Duration of light and dark period matters (a) Mechanical abrasions
(d) Duration of light or dark period doesn’t (b) Microbial actions in gut of animals
matter (c) Certain chemicals
(d) More than one options are correct
100. Photoperiods are perceived by –
(a) Shoot apices (b) Flowering apices 106. Effects of inhibitory substances on dormancy
(c) Nodal buds (d) Leaves is removed by application of certain chemicals
Topic are–
17 Vernalization (a) Auxin (b) Gibberellic acid
(c) Cytokinin (d) ABA
101. Vernalization is –
107. Some seeds which do not germinate even when
(a) Quantitative dependence of flowering on
external conditions are favorable, are understood
low temperature
to be going through –
(b) Qualitative dependence of flowering on low
(a) Do rman cy c on tro lled b y ex ter na l
temperature
environment
(c) Quantitative dependence of flowering on
(b) Dormancy controlled endogenously
high temperature
(c) Dormancy controlled by conditions within
(d) (a) and (b) are correct
the seed
102. Vernalization can be seen in – (d) More than one options are correct
(a) Spring varieties of rice
108. Chemical inhibitors of germination are –
(b) Spring varieties of wheat
(a) Abscisic acid
(c) Winter varieties of rice
(b) Phenolic acid
(d) Winter varieties of wheat
(c) Para-ascorbic acid
103. Vernalization is also seen in – (d) All of these
(a) Biennials like – sugarbeet
(b) Biennials like maize
(c) Perennials like sugarbeet
(d) Perennials like maize
143 Biology

ANSWER KEY

1. (c) 2. (d) 3. (c) 4. (b) 5. (a) 6. (b) 7. (d) 8. (a) 9. (a) 10. (b)
11. (d) 12. (a) 13. (c) 14. (d) 15. (b) 16. (c) 17. (b) 18. (c) 19. (c) 20. (d)
21. (c) 22. (b) 23. (c) 24. (b) 25. (d) 26. (a) 27. (c) 28. (c) 29. (a) 30. (b)
31. (d) 32. (d) 33. (d) 34. (a) 35. (c) 36. (d) 37. (a) 38. (b) 39. (d) 40. (c)
41. (b) 42. (b) 43. (d) 44. (c) 45. (d) 46. (c) 47. (d) 48. (b) 49. (c) 50. (d)
51. (c) 52. (d) 53. (d) 54. (a) 55. (b) 56. (d) 57. (b) 58. (c) 59. (d) 60. (b)
61. (a) 62. (b) 63. (d) 64. (c) 65. (c) 66. (c) 67. (d) 68. (d) 69. (a) 70. (c)
71. (a) 72. (b) 73. (b) 74. (d) 75. (b) 76. (c) 77. (d) 78. (d) 79. (d) 80. (a)
81. (a) 82. (d) 83. (a) 84. (a) 85. (d) 86. (c) 87. (a) 88. (b) 89. (d) 90. (c)
91. (a) 92. (d) 93. (d) 94. (b) 95. (b) 96. (c) 97. (a) 98. (a) 99. (c) 100. (d)
101. (d) 102. (d) 103. (a) 104. (c) 105. (d) 106. (b) 107. (d) 108. (d)