Differentiation 9B

1 a y = 4e7 x (1 + e x ) 2
h y=
dy ex
= 4 × 7e7 x =
28e7 x
dx 1 + 2e x + (e x ) 2
y= = e− x + 2 + e x
e x

b y = 3x dy
= −e − x + 0 + e x = −e − x + e x
dx
x
=y eln(3
= )
e=x ln 3
e(ln 3) x
dy x
= ln= 3e(ln 3) x ln= 3eln(3 ) 3x ln 3 2 a f ( x) = 34 x
dx
4x
f ( x) eln(3
= = ) 4 x ln 3
e= e(4ln 3) x
x
1 =f ′( x) (4
= ln 3)e(4ln 3) x 4 ln 3e 4 x ln 3
c y= 
2 ln 3eln 3
= 4= 34 x 4 ln 3
4x

dy
Using the result y = a kx ⇒ = a kx k ln a
dx 2x
3
1 b f ( x) =  
with a
= =and k 1: 2
2
dy
dy  1  1
x
Using the result y = a kx ⇒ = a kx k ln a
=   ln dx
dx  2  2 3
with a
= = and k 2 :
2
d y = ln 5 x 2x
=y ln 5 + ln x 3 3
f ′( x) =   2 ln
dy 1 1 2 2
=0 + =
dx x x
c f (=
x) 24 x + 42 x
x dy
1 Using the result y = a kx ⇒ = a kx k ln a
e y = 4  dx
3
for each term :
dy kx
Using the result y = a ⇒ = a kx k ln a f ′( x) 24 x 4 ln 2 + 42 x 2 ln 4
=
dx
1
with a =
= and k 1: Alternatively,
3 f ( x) = 24 x + (22 ) 2 x = 24 x + 24 x = 2 × 24 x
x
dy 1 1 f ′( x)= 2 × 24 x 4 ln 2
= 4   ln
dx 3 3
27 x + 8 x
f y = ln(2 x ) 3 d f ( x) =
42 x
y= ln 2 + ln ( x3 ) =
ln 2 + 3ln x 2 7 x + 23 x
dy 1 3 f (=x) = 23 x + 2 − x
= 0 + 3× = 24 x
dx x x f ′(=
x) 23 x 3ln 2 + 2− x (−1) ln 2

g =
y e3 x − e −3 x = 23 x 3ln 2 − 2− x ln 2
dy
= 3e3 x − (−3e −3 x )
dx
= 3e3 x + 3e −3 x

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3 y = (e 2 x − e −2 x ) 2 = e 4 x − 2 + e −4 x 7 a When t = 0, P = 37 000
dy
=4e 4 x − 4e −4 x =4(e 4 x − e −4 x ) So 37 000
= P=0k
0
P0
dx
Where x = ln 3 : P0 = 37 000
dy
dx
( 4
= 4(e 4ln 3 − e −4ln 3 ) = 4 eln 3 − eln 3
−4

) When t = 100, P = 109 000

 1 So 109 000 = 37 000 k 100
= 4 ( 34 − 3−4 ) = 4  81 − 
 81  109
= k 100
≈ 323.95 37
1
 109 100
4 =
y 2 x + 2− x and hence k =  
 37 
dy
= 2 x 1n 2 − 2− x 1n 2 = 1.01086287...
dx
= 1.01 (2 d.p.)
dy 1 15
When
= x 2,= 4 1n 2 – =1n 2 1n 2
dx 4 4 dP
b P = P0 k t ⇒ = P0 k t ln k
dt
 17  With P0 37
= = 000, k 1.01086...,
= t 100 :
∴ the equation of the tangent at  2,  is
 4 dP
17 15 = 37 000 ×1.0108629100 × ln1.0108629
y=
− 1n 2( x − 2) dt
4 4 = 1178
or=
4 y (151n 2) x + (17 − 30 1n 2) c The rate of change of population in the
year 2000.
5 =
y e 2 x − ln x
dy 1 8 The student has treated ln kx as if it were ekx
= 2e 2 x −
dx x – they applied the incorrect differentiation
dy formula.
When= y e 2 and = 2e 2 − 1
x 1,= 1
dx The correct derivative is
x
Equation of tangent at (1, e2) is
y − e 2= (2e 2 − 1)( x − 1) 9 Let y = a kx
kx
Rearranging gives =
Then y e= ln a
e= kx ln a
e( k ln a ) x
=y (2e 2 − 1) x − 2e 2 + 1 + e 2 dy
= (= k ln a ) e( k ln a ) x k ln a e kx ln a
or y= (2e 2 − 1) x − e 2 + 1 dx
kx
ln a eln a
= k= a kx k ln a
6 =
R 200 × 0.9t
dR
200 × (0.9)t ln 0.9 =
= 100 ln 0.9 × (0.9)t
dt

When t = 8:

dR
200 ln 0.9 × 0.98 =
= −9.07 (3 s.f.)
dt

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10 a f ( x) = e 2 x − ln ( x 2 ) + 4 = e 2 x − 2 ln x + 4 Challenge
2
f ′=
( x) 2e 2 x − y e4 x − 5 x
=
x
dy
= 4e 4 x − 5
b At P, dx
= f ′( x) 2= and x a Lines parallel to = y 3 x + 4 have gradient 3.
2 dy
so 2e 2 a − = 2 = 3 ⇒ 4e 4 x − 5 = 3
a dx
1 e4 x = 2
e 2 a − − 1 =0
a 4 x = ln 2
2a
ae − 1 − a =0 ln 2
x=
∴ a (e 2 a − 1) =
1 4
ln 2 ln 2 ln 2
When x = , y = eln 2 − 5 2−5
=
11=
a y 5sin 3 x + 2 cos 3 x 4 4 4
When x = 0, Equation of tangent at this point is
y = 5sin 0 + 2 cos 0 = 0 + 2 = 2  ln 2   ln 2 
y −2−5  = 3 x − 
Hence P (0, 2) lies on the curve.  4   4 
ln 2 ln 2
y = 3x − 3 + 2−5
dy 4 4
b
= 15cos 3 x − 6sin 3 x y= 3 x − 2 ln 2 + 2
dx
dy
When x = 0, = 15cos 0 − 6sin 0 = 15
dx
Equation of normal at P is
1
y − 2 =− ( x − 0)
15
1
or y = − x+2
15

12 y= 2 × 34 x
dy
= 2 × 34 x 4 ln 3 =8ln 3 × 34 x
dx
When x =1, y =2 × 81 =162
dy
and = 8ln 3 × 34= 648ln 3
dx
Equation of normal at P is
1
y − 162 = − ( x − 1)
648ln 3
1 1
or y = − x+ + 162
648ln 3 648ln 3

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