Assessment and Review Material
General Education (Old Curriculum) 4. How are secondary groups different from
SOCIOLOGY AND ANTHROPOLOGY
Social Groups
1. What is the definition of a group in sociology?
A. Any gathering of people
B. A number of individuals who exhibit
cohesiveness
C. A collection of people with similar norms and
values
D. A group of individuals who share
ethnic/linguistic background
Correct answer: B. A number of individuals who
exhibit cohesiveness
Explanation: In sociology, a group is defined as a
number of individuals who exhibit cohesiveness
and interact with each other on a regular basis.
2. What is an aggregate?
A. A group of individuals who share interests
B. A collection of people with similar values
C. Any gathering of people
D. A group of individuals who exhibit
cohesiveness
Correct answer: C. Any gathering of people
Explanation: An aggregate refers to any
gathering of people, regardless of whether they
exhibit cohesiveness or share common interests.
3. What are the characteristics of a primary
group?
A. Large in size and impersonal
B. Commonly develop strong emotional bonds
C. Short-term and goal-oriented
D. Formal and institutional relationships
Correct answer: B. Commonly develop strong
emotional bonds
Explanation: Primary groups are characterized
by small sizes, intimate and personal interactions,
and the development of strong emotional
bonds among members.
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primary groups?
A. They have smaller group sizes
B. Their relationships are formal and institutional
C. They persist over an extended period of time
D. Their members lack strong emotional ties to
each other
Correct answer: D. Their members lack strong
emotional ties to each other
Explanation: Secondary groups are larger in size,
have formal and institutional relationships, and
their members typically lack the strong
emotional ties found in primary groups.
5. What is the concept of "consciousness of
kind"?
A. The tendency to join or associate with similar
individuals
B. The formation of primary groups within
secondary groups
C. The need to compare oneself with others in a
group
D. The bond towards reference groups
Correct answer: A. The tendency to join or
associate with similar individuals
Explanation: "Consciousness of kind" refers to the
concept that individuals have a tendency to
join or associate with others who are perceived
to have some similarities to themselves.
6. What is an in-group?
A. A group to which people feel they belong
B. A group to which people feel they do not
belong
C. A group with formal and institutional
relationships
D. A group that lacks strong emotional ties
Correct answer: A. A group to which people feel
they belong
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Explanation: An in-group is a group to which
individuals feel they belong and have a sense of
"we" or "us."
7. What is a reference group?
A. A group to which people feel they belong
B. A group to which people feel they do not
belong
C. A group with formal and institutional
relationships
D. A group that lacks strong emotional ties
Correct answer: B. A group to which people feel
they do not belong
Explanation: A reference group is a group to
which individuals do not belong but with which
they conceptually relate themselves, adopting
goals and values as part of their identity.
8. What is the function of an out-group?
A. To provide social support and friendship
B. To enhance the sense of superiority in the in-
group
C. To share similar characteristics for self-
evaluation
D. To achieve certain academic, business, or
career goals
Correct answer: B. To enhance the sense of
superiority in the in-group
Explanation: The function of an out-group is to
enhance the sense of superiority in the in-group
by defining proper behavior to the in-group
while simultaneously viewing the same behavior
as unacceptable for the out-group.
9. What is the significance of social groups in
satisfying human needs?
A. They provide a sense of belonging and social
support
B. They serve as a platform for social comparison
C. They enable individuals to accomplish tasks
together
D. All of the above
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Correct answer: D. All of the above
Explanation: Social groups are significant in
satisfying human needs as they provide a sense
of belonging, social support, serve as a platform
for social comparison, and enable individuals to
accomplish tasks together.
10. What are formal groups based on?
A. Proximity and common interests
B. Common ethnic/linguistic background
C. Organizational establishment and public
identity
D. Similar norms, values, and expectations
Correct answer: C. Organizational establishment
and public identity
Explanation: Formal groups are based on
organizational establishment and public identity,
such as committees and project groups.
11. How do informal groups differ from formal
groups?
A. They have a temporary life span
B. They are formed for short-term tasks
C. They are based on common interests and
friendships
D. They are created to achieve specific goals
Correct answer: C. They are based on common
interests and friendships
Explanation: Informal groups differ from formal
groups as they are formed based on common
interests, friendships, and proximity rather than
organizational establishment and public identity.
12. What is the role of social networks?
A. To limit the range of interactions for individuals
B. To provide resources and connections with
others
C. To assign tasks necessary for societal
continuity
D. To enable social comparison and self-
evaluation
Assessment and Review Material
Correct answer: B. To provide resources and
connections with others
Explanation: Social networks play a role in
providing resources and connections with
others, empowering individuals by making
available vast resources.
13. What did Émile Durkheim propose about
social solidarity?
A. It is based on shared values and beliefs
B. It involves individuals performing similar tasks
C. It involves individuals performing different
tasks
D. It is related to the concept of reference
groups
Correct answer: A. It is based on shared values
and beliefs
Explanation: Émile Durkheim proposed that
social solidarity is based on members' shared
values and beliefs, which create a sense of
cohesion within a society.
14. What is the definition of social network?
A. A collection of individuals with shared
characteristics
B. A series of social relationships linking people
directly and indirectly
C. A formal group established by an
organization with public goals
D. A temporary group created to accomplish
short-term tasks
Correct answer: B. A series of social relationships
linking people directly and indirectly
Explanation: A social network refers to a series of
social relationships that link a person directly to
others and, through them, indirectly link to even
more people.
15. How do primary groups differ from secondary
groups?
A. Primary groups have formal and institutional
relationships
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B. Secondary groups have small group sizes and
intimate interaction
C. Primary groups develop strong emotional
bonds among members
D. Secondary groups lack strong emotional ties
among members
Correct answer: C. Primary groups develop
strong emotional bonds among members
Explanation: Primary groups differ from
secondary groups as they develop strong
emotional bonds among members, while
secondary groups lack these strong emotional
ties.
16. What are the two types of social solidarity
identified by Durkheim?
A. Mechanical solidarity and organic solidarity
B. Primary solidarity and secondary solidarity
C. Temporary solidarity and enduring solidarity
D. Formal solidarity and informal solidarity
Correct answer: A. Mechanical solidarity and
organic solidarity
Explanation: Émile Durkheim identified
mechanical solidarity, where members have
similar tasks, and organic solidarity, where
members perform different tasks necessary for
societal continuity, as the two types of social
solidarity.
17. What is the main purpose of a task-oriented
group?
A. To foster and maintain social relationships
B. To provide a sense of belonging and social
support
C. To achieve certain academic, business, or
career goals
D. To enhance the sense of superiority in the in-
group
Correct answer: C. To achieve certain
academic, business, or career goals
Explanation: The main purpose of a task-
oriented group is to achieve certain academic,
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business, or career goals, rather than primarily
focusing on fostering social relationships.
18. How do socially oriented groups differ from
task-oriented groups?
A. Socially oriented groups are more formal and
impersonal
B. Task-oriented groups provide a pool of friends
and social support
C. Socially oriented groups perform tasks
together as part of their job assignments
D. Task-oriented groups tend to break into
socially oriented groups when needs are not
met
A. To satisfy their need for love and belonging
B. To satisfy their need for achievement and
recognition
C. To satisfy their need for self-actualization and
personal growth
D. To satisfy their need for power and influence
Correct answer: A. To satisfy their need for love
and belonging
Explanation: According to Maslow's theory,
individuals join groups to satisfy their need for
love and belonging, as being part of a group
helps provide a sense of security and social
support.

Correct answer: B. Task-oriented groups provide

a pool of friends and social support

Explanation: Socially oriented groups primarily

focus on fostering and maintaining social
relationships, while task-oriented groups provide
a pool of friends, fun activities, and social
support.

19. How do individuals measure their attitudes

and benefits in social groups?

A. By comparing themselves with others who are

similar to them
B. By developing strong emotional bonds with
other group members
C. By adopting goals and values from reference
groups
D. By interacting intimately and personally with
other group members

Correct answer: A. By comparing themselves

with others who are similar to them

Explanation: Individuals measure their attitudes

and benefits in social groups by comparing
themselves with others who are similar to them,
allowing them to evaluate how much their
attitudes and benefits should be corrected.

20. Why do individuals join groups according to

Maslow's theory?

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