NATIONAL CERTIFICATE IN ELECTRICAL POWER ENGINEERING: 321I13/CR/O

SUBJECT : MATHEMATICS

CODE : 321/50,1

DURATION : Theory 72 I{OUltS

Competencies 72 HOUIIS

1.0 PREAMBT,E

The subject is designed to develop an artisan with knowledge, skills and attitudes to
competently practise Electrical Power Engineering in the Electrical industry.

2.0. AIM
To enable the student to identify, formulate, and solve typical electrical mathematical
engineering problems.

3.0 OBJECTIVES

By the end of the course the student sirould be able to;

3.1 perform basic aritlurietic and algebra calculations at }lational Certificate standard.

3.2 iliustrate the relationship of algebraic equations ancl associated graphs.

3.3 clefine trigonometric functions. describe their properties and use them in
calcr.rlating some baSic electrical engineering relationships,

3.4 define the base of a number ancl perlbrm basic calcr"rlations in various number
systems.

3.5 apply various methods to simplity simultaneous equations.

3.6 apply complex number arithrnetic to periods phenomenon.

3.7 clefine position ancl rotating vectors ancl illustrate their applications in electrical
engineering

3.8 clefine a function and its derivative and use the clerivatives to find extremes ancl
rates oIchange, applying the techniques to problems in electrical engineering.

3.g define definite and indefinite integrals and perform basic integration with
applications, determination of areas under cLrrves.
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NATIONAL CERTIFICATE..IN ELECTRTCAL POWER ENGINEERING: 32 1/1 3/CIUO

3.10 explain motion in terms of time, displacenr.ent, velocity and acceleration in a

straight line as well as a circle and perform basic relevant calculations.

3.11 define'"vork, powcr, energy ancl efficiency and perform relevant calculations in
electrical energy, heat energy, kinetic energy and potential energy.

4.0. TOPICS

Geometrical Construction
Algebra
Indices and logarithms
'
Trigonometry and circular measure
-.: Differential calculus -
Integral calculus
Numbe-r systems -\..

- Complex numbers and vectors

Displacement, velocity and acceleration

Work, power, energy and efticiency

' Equipment and tools

THIIORY

4. 1 GEOMETIUCAL CONSTRUCTIOI\

4.1"1 - Bisectaline.
- Construct a perpendicul;tr frorn e given point to a line.
- Divide a line into proporlional triarts;.

4.1.2 - Define ern angle.

- Idcntify the diff'erent types of angle.
- Biscct and angle.
- Consti:uct spccilic anglcs r,vithout a protractor.
- Copy an anglc.

4.1.3 - Defineacircle.
- Identily parts of a circle.
- Find the centre'of a given arc or circle.
Draw a circlc tlrrough any three point.
- Join straight lines with arcs.
- Join trvo or rnorc arcs and circles.
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NATIONAL CERTIFICATE IN ELECTRICAL POWER ENGINEERING: 32lll3lcRl0

4.1.4 a) Identify types of triangles.

b) Construct a triangle given

The sides.
Two angles and sides.
Perpendicular height and the base.

c) Construct the following triangle:

:

Inscribed
Circumscribed
Escribed

4.1.5 - Defineatangent.

4.1.6 a) Name the regular polygons up to eight sicled.

b) Construct the above polygons using common and particular methods
given:

The length of the sides.

Outside a given circle.
Inside a given circle.

c) Solve problems recl"riring application of the above constructions.

4.1.7 a) Describe an ellipse ancl state its parts.

b) Construct an ellipse given nrajor and minor axes using:

Tramrnel methods
Auxiliary circle method
Rectangular method
Approximate method
Focal point method

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N{[I0NAL CERTIFI9ATE II.$" ELECTRI CAI, P QwEIt EN GINEERING : 32 1/1 3/CR/0

4.2 AI6EBR.A
4.2.1 Flot a graph of a linear function and determine the gradient and intercept.

4"2.2 Dctermine the ecluation of a straight iine given:

Two points on zI graph.

Gradient ancl one point on a iine.

4.2.3 Solve algebraically simple ecluations.

4.2.4 Solve algebraically lincar simultaneous equations up to two unknowns by:

Elimination
Substitution
Graphical method
DEtelminant
Matrix

4"2.5 Sketch curves related to:

- : ctx\+ k
!: a(x-l)z+ k
4.2.6 Determinc anci ciassify iurning poirri.s ti{'a quaclratic function from ,1..1 lo 4..5.

4.2.7 Solve simple qr-raclratic equatiotrs in onc r-rnl<nown by:

- Factorization
- QLraclratic form'"rla
- Completing thc square
- Graphicalrnethod

4.2.8 Determine the cliscrirninant of a quaclratic equation.

4.2.9 State the nature of ioots of a quaclratic eqr-ration

4.2.10 State the difference between direct ancl invcrse proportionaiity ancl solve relatecl
probleurs incltrcirng.joint and partial variation.

4.2"11 Sketch grerphs to illr,rstr:ate clirect and inverse prgportionality.

4.2.12 State ancl illrrstrate p.np.rti.u of,

- Flyperbola
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NATIONAL CERTITICATE IN ELECTRICAL POWER ENGINEERING: 32lll3lcR/0

Ellipse
Circle

4.3 INDICES AND LOGARITHMS

4,3.1 Define indices and state the laws.

4.3.2 Evalurate ancl simplify expressions involving real number inclices.

4.3.3 Define surds and rationalize denominators with surds.

4,3.4 Express numbers in standard form.

4.3.5 Define logarithms and state the laws of logarithms.

4.3.6 Evaluate and simplify expressions involving logarithms.

4.3.7 Define exponential functions and sketch graphs of exponential functions.

4.2.8 Define the natural number ancl establish it as a base for natural logarithms.

4.3.9 Sketch the graphs of e* and e-*.

4.3.10 Solve logarithmic and exponential equations.

4.3.11 Determine experimental laws in the form:

y=axn+ b
! = ltax + b by application of straight line graphs.

4.4 TRIGONOMETTTY AND CIRCULA]I MEASTIRE

4.4.1 Define the six trigonometrical ratios of an angle.

4.4.2 Sketch graphs of sine, cosine ancl tangent.

4.4.3 Determine:

Period
Angular frequency
Amplitude
Phase angle of a sinusoiclal function.

4.4.4 Convert radians to degrees ancl vice versa.

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 S:To
A-rz @
0: lvt

4.4.6 Convert 6-axis to time-axis in waveforms leading to I : Asin (wt + <)and

determine frequency and periodic time of waveforms and establish the '
relationship between angular frequency (w), frequency (0 and period (T) of a
fi.rnction.

4.4.7 Determine trigonometrical ratios of any size of angle and associate them with the
four quadrants.

4.4.8 Derive and apply the fundamental trigonomentrical identities:

sinzx+ coszx=L
a-----.^
L*tan'x=sec'x
Ti-cotzx= coseczx

4.4.9 State and apply:

Compotu'rci atrgle lortutrlae .

Doublc angle fbrmulac.

l;'actor lbrurLrtac.
1'-anglo [brmtrlac in proving sirnplc idontitie.s.

4.4"10 Statc and appiy sine ancl cosittc fonutria,r'.

4.tl.tl Solve trigorromctrical ccluations of thc lornr:

sin.O= li(where -L <k S1.)

s ffi lttl = lt (where- 1 S tc < 1)
. sin20 +sing *C -0(whereC isarealntunber).

4.4.12 Sinc, cosine and tangcnt approximation tbr small angles.

4.4.1 3 Basic application ol'trigonometry to A. C. theory.

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NATIONAL CERTIFICATE IN ELECTRICAL, POWIR ENGINEERING : 32 1/1.3/CIV0

4,5 DIFFER]ONTIAL CALCULUS

I
I

At the end of the unit the student shor-rlcl be able tb,7

4.5. i Draw a curve ancl show tangent and normal at a point. l

4.5.2 Determine the equation of tangent and normal at a given point on a cLlrve.

4.5.3 - Defi". ffi f and show that it is the graclient ftrnction of y - f (x).

- Apply the gradient function to obtain gradients of functions at particular

points of the function.

j.+ s'+ Differentiate liom first principles functions with powers of x up to x3, sin x,
cos x, ln x and {.
4.5.5 Differentiate by rule, afunction ofthe form y = axn * bxn-t * cxn-z + __-.-

4.5.6 Differentiate:

- Function of a function
- Product
- Quotient

4.5.7 Determine and classify stationary points of a function using first and second
derivatives.

1.5.8 Apply difl'erentiation in ratr:s o.[change of qr.rantities in the electrical engineering

trade.

4.6 INTEGR,\L CAI,CULUS

4.6.1 State indefinite integrals of functions such as aE*,1,sin nx,cosx antd ex.

4.6.2 Integrate by substitution functions such as:

(18
- Sin (nz);sinxcosr; sirlx;' sin2x.cosx.

- enx

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NATIONAL CERTIFICALE IN ELECTRICAL POWER ENGINEERING: 321|13/CR/O

4.6 .l Perforrn integration of lunctions leading to logarithmic expressions.

4,6.2 Determinc the area under a clrrve.

4.6.3 Determine the rnean ar\cl root meon sqlrcffe value of a sine wave.

1 4.7 COMPLEX NUMI}ERS AND VECTOTTS

4.7.1 deFrne a complex number.

I
*r- -,-
4.7,2 evaluate the powers of the imaging number up to7s.

I
4.1.3 add, subtract, multiply and divide cornplex numbers in Cartesian form (include
powers and roots).

,, - 4.7.4 .rep]es:nt complex numbey]n car-tesian fonn 1n 1 ar8arr! diagram.

I

,"/' 4.7.5 interconvert between Cartesian and polar form.

., 4.7 .6 clivide, multipiy, complex numbers in polar form.

l*,"
4.7.6 apply complex nurnbcrs in soltrtion of r\C circuitry prt-rblems.

*q.t.t distinguish zlnrong frce vector, position vcctor, unit vector ancl component vector.

/1Q
-t. /.() clistinguish lretween scalar ancl vector cp-iantities giving cxamples.

4.7.9 add and subtract rzectors bv:

ir* Triangr-rlal nrlc

- Parallelograrm rule

k. - Polygon nrlc

4.7.t0 determine the scalar procluct o1'trvc'l vr:ctors.

4.7.tl construct a phasor.[rom a sine lvave.

4.7.1? cletennine ltrc rcsultant ol"a numbcr o1'phasors

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NATIONAL CERTIFICATE IN ELECTRICAL POWE,^L ENGINEERING: 32 1/13/CR/0

4.8 DISPLACEMENT, VELOCITY AND hCCUIBNATION

4.8.1 Define:

- Displacement
- Velocity
- Acceleration

4.8.4 Construct the velocity/time graphs and apply them to solve problems associated
with linear motion.

4.8.5 Apply the following equations in solving problems associated with linear motion:

- v-u*at
- s-ut*!atz
- uz -'uz -- Zas
4.8.6 Adapt equations in 4.8.3 for vertical *o,ion uncler gravity.

4.9 CIRCULAR MOTION

4.9.1 State and apply Newton's tluee i-aws of motion.

4.g.4 Define angular velocity ancl constant angular acceleration.

4.9.5 Convert angular velocity to speed in revs per minute.

4.9.6 Connect frequency and periocl wirh angular velocity.

4.9.7 Relate angular motion to linear mcltion.

4.9.8 Apply the following equations of angular motion:

- w- wo+oct
- e= wot+)atz
- w2-.ws-)xe
4.9.9 Relate torque to angular motion.

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NATIONAL CERTIFICATE, IN ELIICTRICAL POWER ENGINEERING: 321t13/CW0

4.I"0 WORI(, POWER, ENERGY AND EFITICIENCY

4.10.1 Define:
- trVork done
- The Joule

4.10.2 Represent ancl clctermirr" *ork clone on a force/distance graph for a

constant and uniformity variable force.

4.10.3 Determine r.vork done by an oblique force.

4.10.4 Determine work done by a torque.

4.10.5 Define power.

4.10.7 Define efficiency in terms of:

Power ratio
Worli rati<r

4.10.8 Detcrmine output powcr of a machine or systcm by brakc pulley test.

4.10.9 Calculate efficicncl' of rnachinc or svstcm.

4" 10.10 Defir're energy.

4.10. I 1 Statc and clcscribe the relationship betwcen energy and rvork cione.

4.lo.l2Statearrclc[escribet1rcconrnronfornrsofenergy:#

I(inetic
['otential
FIeat
Illcctrical
Chemical

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NATIONAL CERTIFICATE IN ELECTRICAL POWElt. EI{GINEBRING | 32lll3tcR10

4.10.13 Apply the follor,ving formulae to calculate the follolving forms of energy:

7t
- ,mu" - kinetic energy.
- mc) - heat gained
.VI - electrical energy

4.10.14 State and apply the principle of conservation of energy.

4.r1 EQUTPMENT AND TOOLS

4.1 I .l Scientific Calculat. ..

Mathematical Set
Ruler
Sharp pencil

5.0 ASSBSSMENTSPECIFICT\TtrONGRID

TOTAL NO. WEIGHTING%,

GEOMETRICAL CONSTRUC{ION

INDICES AND LOGARITTIMS

'f RIG ONOIVIETRY AND CIRCULAR
MEASURE
DIFFERENTiAL CT\LCULUS
INTEGRAL CALCULLIS 10
COMPLEXNUM i0
DISPLACEMENT, VELOCITY AND
ACCDERATION
CIRCULAR MOTION
WORK, POWER, ENERGY r'ND
EFFICIENCY

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