LADOKE AKINTOLA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (LAUTECH)

OPEN DISTANCE LEARNING (ODL)

A Project Proposal

Titled:
Exploring Nurses' Attitudes towards Information and Communication Technology in
Patient Management at LASUTH

Submitted to
DR (MRS) O.P ADISA

Submitted by
AMUDA BISOLA SHALOM

With Matriculation Number

2006118
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
Over an extensive timeline, healthcare has undergone notable transformations, greatly influenced
by technological advancements. These innovations have consistently enhanced the efficiency and
efficacy of healthcare practices. Evolving methods of information dissemination and
communication have also significantly contributed to the progression of healthcare. The
introduction of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has profoundly impacted
various aspects of life. In contemporary society, ICT has transitioned from a luxury to a
necessity, reshaping our connections with ourselves and our environment for the better. ICT
applications have streamlined information dissemination and daily operations across all domains
of life, permeating nearly every aspect of our daily routines. ICT's pervasive influence is
redefining conventional processes across all societal strata, fostering rapid global development.
ICT has emerged as a crucial tool in healthcare delivery, fundamentally altering our lifestyle and
worldview. Within the medical field, computers play an integral role in information processing,
decision-making, and record-keeping, underlining the importance of ICT in modern medical
practices. The successful implementation of ICT in healthcare, often referred to as e-Health,
hinges on the level of computer proficiency among healthcare professionals.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

In recent years, the use of computers in the workplace has seen a significant rise, with many
professions increasingly relying on Information and Communication Technology (ICT).
Consequently, the adoption of ICT by nurses becomes crucial for the success of e-health
initiatives. The National Health ICT Strategic Framework 2015–2020, launched in 2016,
presents a comprehensive vision for ICT integration within Nigeria's health sector. This policy
goes beyond merely addressing basic technology literacy; rather, it aims to leverage technology
to transform the roles of healthcare providers and consumers at various levels of the health
sector. In developed countries, the use of ICT by nurses in healthcare delivery centers has been
extensively studied and documented, particularly highlighting the positive impacts of ICT in
healthcare. However, this is not the case in developing countries like Nigeria, where issues such
as poor awareness, adherence to traditional healthcare practices, negative attitudes, and lack of
access to computers hinder the full adoption of ICT.

1.3 Objectives of the Study

The main aim of this study was to assess the attitude of nurses towards the utilization of
information and communication technology in the management of patients in LASUTH. The
specific objectives include:
 1. Evaluate the extent to which information and communication technology is utilized in
patient management.
2. Investigate the attitudes of nurses towards the adoption of information and
communication technology in patient management.
3. Identify the barriers and constraints that hinder nurses from effectively utilizing ICT in
patient management.
1.4 Research Questions
1. What is the level of utilization of information and communication technology in the
management of patients?
2. What are the attitudes of nurses regarding the utilization of information and
communication technology in patient management?
1.5 Hypothesis
1. There is no statistically significant relationship between the age of nurses and their
utilization of ICT.
2. There is no statistically significant relationship between the years of experience of nurses
and their attitude towards the use of ICT in patient management.
1.6 Significance of the Study
The outcomes of this study will shed light on nurses' understanding of ICT, their access to ICT
resources, and how they utilize ICT tools within LASUTH. These insights will be invaluable for
clinical decision-making, practice review, administration, management, and educational
processes as needed. Nurses can leverage the study's findings to strategize healthcare planning
and administration activities, incorporating software, hardware, and programs to streamline
healthcare processes and align with international standards. Moreover, the findings will offer
valuable data for clinical nurses to inform their decision-making processes. For healthcare
authorities, particularly the Healthcare Service Department, the study results will serve as a
roadmap for designing appropriate in-service training programs aimed at enhancing healthcare
workers' ICT skills and integrating ICT into clinical practice, thereby improving their ICT
knowledge and utilization. Stakeholders will benefit from gaining insights into the Department's
ICT activities, enabling them to plan programs based on identified needs. Overall, the study aims
to contribute baseline knowledge in this field and add to the existing resources on the use of
information technology for patient management in hospitals by nurses.

1.7 Scope of the Study

The study is delimited to assessing the attitude of nurses towards the utilization of information
and communication technology in the management of patients in LASUTH as well as the factors
causing constraints in the application.
1.8 Definition of Terms
1. NURSES: Healthcare professionals trained and licensed to provide medical care, support, and
treatment to patients in various healthcare settings.
2. ICT use: The utilization of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) tools and
resources in various aspects of daily life, including personal, professional, educational, and
organizational contexts.
3. Information Communication Technology (ICT): Refers to hardware, software, and
programs that affect the clinical and non-clinical activities of nurses.
4. Management of patients: The comprehensive care and support provided to individuals
seeking medical assistance or treatment for various health conditions.
This comprehensive project proposal aims to address the vital issue of nurses' attitudes towards
ICT utilization in patient management at LASUTH, contributing to the enhancement of
healthcare delivery in Nigeria.
 CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Conceptual Review
2.1.1 Concept of Information Communication Technology (ICT)
Information Communication Technology (ICT) encompasses a diverse range of tools,
applications, and services utilized for creating, disseminating, processing, and transforming
information. It encompasses various communication forms, including telecommunications,
broadcasting, hardware, software, computer services, and electronic media (Ozorji, 2016). While
commonly associated with high-tech devices like computers, ICT also includes traditional
technologies such as radio and television (UNESCO, 2013).
2.1.2 Types of Information and Communication Technology in Healthcare
In healthcare, ICT encompasses four domains of e-health, incorporating management systems,
communication systems, computerized decision support systems, and information systems (Mair
et al., 2016). These domains facilitate the acquisition, storage, transmission, and display of
administrative or clinical activities related to patient care, communication between healthcare
professionals and patients, decision-making support, and access to health-related information
(Mair et al., 2016).
2.1.3 Application of ICT to Clinical Healthcare Practice
ICT in healthcare supports various functions, including health promotion, illness prevention,
treatment, and management (Bashshar et al., 2017). It enhances patient-centered care, improves
quality, informs healthcare professionals and patients, and reduces travel time (Bashshar et al.,
2017). Nurses, being a significant healthcare provider group, are affected by the introduction of
ICT, which influences healthcare practices and saves time, energy, and resources (de Veer et al.,
2017).
2.1.4 Application of ICT to Healthcare Education, Teaching, and Learning Process
ICT integration in education enhances both learner and educator experiences by fostering
familiarity with tools and increasing motivation (Watson, 2016). In healthcare education, ICT
prepares future healthcare professionals for technological advancements, although challenges
such as cost and turnover of technologies persist (Warren & Connors, 2017).
2.1.5 Application of ICT to Administration and Management in Healthcare Industry
ICT positively impacts healthcare administration by improving speed, ease, and efficiency in
management activities (Wetson, 2016). It facilitates activities such as record-keeping,
communication, and decision-making, contributing to enhanced healthcare delivery (Idowu et al.,
2018).
2.1.6 Problems Working Against Effective Use of ICT in Healthcare Practices
Organizational, human, and technological barriers hinder effective ICT implementation in
healthcare. Organizational barriers include costs and organizational culture, while human barriers
encompass skills shortages and resistance to change. Technological barriers relate to usability,
compatibility, and information security (Pare & Trudel, 2017).
2.1.7 Nurses’ Attitudes towards Computers and Information Technology
Staff attitudes significantly influence ICT implementation success, with negative attitudes
hindering efficient technology utilization (Ammenwerth et al., 2018). Successful implementation
depends on workers' acceptance and attitudes toward technology use (Shorten et al., 2017).
2.1.8 Theoretical Review
The Nursing Care Performance Framework (NCPF) serves as a theoretical basis for
understanding the impact of ICT on nursing care. It conceptualizes nursing care performance
through three subsystems—nursing resources, processes, and patient outcomes—to improve
patient conditions effectively (Reid et al., 2018).
2.1.9 Application of the Nursing Care Performance Framework to the Study
ICT integration aligns with the NCPF, as it enhances nursing resources, processes, and patient
outcomes. Technological tools support effective resource acquisition, transformation into
services, and production of positive patient changes (Reid et al., 2018).
2.2 Empirical Review
Studies highlight challenges in implementing healthcare management systems (HMS), including
organizational, environmental, behavioral, and technical factors. Issues such as data quality,
infrastructure, and knowledge gaps affect HMS effectiveness, impacting patient safety and care
quality (AHIMA, 2006; Mohammed, 2015).
This literature review provides a comprehensive understanding of ICT's conceptual, practical,
and theoretical implications in healthcare, laying the groundwork for further investigation into its
integration and impact.
 CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter delineates the methods utilized in conducting the research, encompassing research
design, study setting, target population, research sample, sampling technique, instrument for data
collection, validity and reliability of the instrument, method of data collection, method of data
analysis, and ethical considerations.
3.1 Research Design
A non-experimental descriptive research design will be employed to assess the attitude of nurses
towards the utilization of information and communication technology (ICT) in patient
management at LASUTH. This design offers an accurate and meaningful description of the
subject under study.
3.2 Research Setting
The study will be conducted at LASUTH, situated in Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria. LASUTH, a
state-owned teaching hospital affiliated with Lagos State University, offers a wide range of
medical services, including maternal and child care, surgery, pediatrics, dental, physiotherapy,
pharmaceuticals, radiology, and laboratory services. It serves as an ideal setting due to its diverse
healthcare facilities and accessibility.
3.3 Target Population
The target population comprises nurses employed at LASUTH, Ikeja, Lagos State. According to
data from the human resources department, LASUTH employs over 150 nurses who will be the
focus of this study. Financial constraints limit the population size to 150 nurses.
3.4 Sampling Size Determination
The sample size will be determined using the Taro Yamane (1973) method, with a precision
level of 5% and a population size of 150. Considering a 10% attrition rate, the calculated sample
size is 165.4125.

3.5 Sampling Technique

A convenient sampling technique will be utilized, allowing nurses on duty who are willing to
participate to be included in the study. This technique is chosen due to practical constraints, as all
nurses cannot be available simultaneously.
3.6 Instrument for Data Collection
A self-structured questionnaire divided into three sections will be employed for data collection:
demographic variables, utilization of ICT in patient management, and attitude towards ICT
utilization in patient management.

3.7 Pilot Study

A pilot study involving 20 nurses at LASUTH will be conducted to ensure questionnaire
consistency. Feedback from the pilot study will inform adjustments before administering the
questionnaire to the research population.

3.8 Validity of Instrument

The research instrument will be developed based on an extensive literature review and aligned
with the study objectives. It will undergo scrutiny by the research supervisor and a panel of
public health experts to establish face and content validity.

3.9 Reliability of the Instrument

To ensure reliability, questions will be made simple and clear, avoiding ambiguity. A test-retest
study involving 20 nurses will be conducted, and Pearson’s product-moment correlation
coefficient will be used to calculate instrument reliability.

3.10 Method of Data Collection

Ethical approval will be obtained from the participating hospital after securing a letter of
introduction from the Department of Nursing Science, LAUTECH. Questionnaires will be
distributed during working hours, with researchers explaining the study's purpose to respondents
and obtaining informed consent. Data collection spanned three weeks to cover all shifts, and all
completed questionnaires will be retrieved promptly.

3.11 Method of Data Analysis

Data will be analyzed using SPSS version 24, with findings presented using percentages,
frequencies, and charts. Relationships between variables will be examined using the Chi-square
test of correlation at a 5% probability level.
3.12 Ethical Consideration
Ethical principles, including informed consent, privacy, confidentiality, and freedom from harm,
will be strictly observed throughout the research process. Ethical approval will be obtained from
the participating hospital, and a signed letter of introduction facilitated permission from research
and ethical committees.
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 QUESTIONNAIRE

Ladoke Akintola University of Technology,

Ogbomosho,
Oyo state.

CONSENT FORM

Dear respondent, I am a student of Ladoke Akintola University of Science and Technology

Ogbomosho and I will be conducting research as part of the requirement for the award of a
degree in nursing. This study is intended to assess the “Attitude of nurses towards the
utilization of information and communication technology in the management of patients in
LASUTH.” This research is exclusively for academic purposes and all responses will be treated
confidentially. Your name or any form of identification is not required; this is to ensure
anonymity and to ensure you freely fill out the questionnaire. Participation in this study is not
compulsory and you can withdraw from the study at any time without any consequences. Thank
you for your anticipated cooperation.
Yours Sincerely,

_______________________
 INSTRUCTIONS:
Please tick ( ) the most appropriate answer as it applies to you.
Section A: demographic characteristic

1. Age: (a) 20-29 [ ] (b) 30-39 [ ] (c) 40-49 [ ] (d) 50 and above [ ]

2. Gender: (a) male [ ] (b) female [ ]

3. Religion:(a) Christianity [ ] (b) Islam [ ](c) others [ ]

4. Position: (a) DDNS [ ] (b) ADNS [ ] (c) CNO [ ] (d) ACNO [ ] (e) PNO [ ]

(f) SNO [ ] (g) NO 1 [ ] (h) NO 2 [ ]

5. Experience in service; < 5 years [ ] (b) 6-10years [ ] (c) 11 -15years [ ] (d) 16-20

years [ ] (e) 21 and above [ ]

SECTION B: Utilization of information and communication technology in management of

patients

S/N Variables YES NO

6 Have you used ICT in any form before?

7 Have you been in an e-Health enabled practice area before?

8 Have you practiced using e-health care in patient management

9 Would you recommend the use of e-health care to other colleagues

10 Use of e-health is only used by admin staff and not in direct clinical setting

11 I have not seen ICT been used in clinical setting before

SECTION C: Attitude towards the utilization of information and communication
technology in management of patients
S/N Variables SA A D SD
12 ICT is not necessary in health care practice
13 ICT will not affect patient care positively and thus should not be
adopted

14 Traditional methods of health care are more effective than use of ICT on
health care

15 ICT is not effective in Nigeria and only works in developed countries

16 Use of ICT in health should be limited to only younger health care
professional who are ICT compliant

17 There should be continued use of traditional methods which works and

not adopting a method which may not work

18 Use of ICT in health care should be option and not compulsory

19 There is no advantage of ICT use in health care over the conventional
method of health care we practice

20 Traditional methods of health care are cost effective and should not be
discarded

21 Use of ICT in healthcare delivery can help reduce the burden of stress
on workers while increasing their overall productivity

Key: SA-strongly agree, A-Agree, D-Disagree, SD-Strongly disagree