Avance#8 G1

FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA EN CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA
INGENIERÍA CIVIL
INSTALLATIONS
TECHNICAL REPORT
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
TEAM # 1
Students:
Cedeño Defaz Britney Silvana
Mosquera Corozo Jhon Henry
Romero Coello Valeria Alejandra
Tábara Obando Génesis Alexandra
Teacher:
Ing. Rafael Cabrera García
Period-Term
2023-II
Index
1. Background..........................................................................................................................3
2. Electrical System..................................................................................................................6
2.1 Estimation of the electrical demand............................................................................6
2.2 Feeding system to transformer..................................................................................10
2.3 Feeding to main panelboard (TDG)............................................................................10
2.4 Panelboards................................................................................................................12
2.5 Feading to distribution panelboards..........................................................................13
2.6 Branch circuits............................................................................................................14
2.7 Grounding systems.....................................................................................................14
2.8 Branch circuit shedulces.............................................................................................14
3. Technical specifications.....................................................................................................14
3.1 Codes and standards used.........................................................................................14
3.2 Materials....................................................................................................................14
3.2.1 Pipes...................................................................................................................14
3.2.2 Juction boxes......................................................................................................17
3.2.3 Wire....................................................................................................................19
3.2.4 Panelboards.......................................................................................................22
3.2.5 Distribution panels.............................................................................................24
3.2.6 Circuit breakers..................................................................................................26
3.2.7 Switches and outles...........................................................................................28
3.2.8 Transformers......................................................................................................31
4. Cost estimate.....................................................................................................................34
4.1 Electrical System.........................................................................................................34

1. Background
The project is located in Ciudad Celeste on a 250 m2 plot of land, where a residence valued
at $250,000 will be built. The two-story home has three bedrooms, three bathrooms,
kitchen, dining room, social space, laundry, two-car garage and garden area. Strategically
located near a tourist area with shops, restaurants and recreational spaces with public
access, the construction will require an electrical supply system connected to the public
electrical supply network, at the entrance of the home, generally near the main panel, it is
installed an electric meter. This meter records electricity consumption and serves as the
basis for billing.
Figure 1. Ground floor plan.

To ensure the efficiency and regulatory compliance of the home's electrical system, the
guidelines established by Ecuadorian Technical Standard (NTE) INEN 2014 will be
followed: "Low voltage electrical installations". This code will guide the design,
considering the technical requirements and criteria for the execution of low voltage
electrical installations, addressing aspects such as the selection of electrical conductors,
protection devices, grounding, circuit design, and other important aspects to guarantee
the security and efficiency in the distribution of electrical energy in the home.
Figure 2. Upper floor plan.
The project not only aims to provide a comfortable and functional residence but also
seeks to implement efficient infrastructure solutions that meet standards, always
guaranteeing the quality and constant availability of the electricity supply.
The home's electrical system will be designed to provide a reliable and safe supply of
electricity throughout the home, as well as to accommodate the growing demand for
electronics.
The electrical supply model that will be implemented in the home is detailed below:
1. Electrical Supply
The single-family home will be connected to the local public electrical network, the wiring
will supply electricity from the network to the electric meter located on the property, this
meter records the electricity consumption and allows the service provider calculate
electricity bills.
2. Main Distribution Panel
Located inside the home, this panel serves as the central point of the electrical system,
and it also distributes energy to different circuits throughout the house. It is important to
mention that the different circuits that will be designed in the home will be protected by
circuit breakers or fuses that, in case of overload or short circuit, will help avoid damage
and fire risks.
3. Circuits and Outlets
The home's electrical system is segmented into multiple circuits to efficiently supply
electricity to different areas of the house.
4. Lighting
The electrical system is designed to provide optimal lighting in each space using energy-
efficient accessories like low-consumption LED lamps. Exploring the incorporation of
motion sensors is being considered to enhance energy efficiency.
5. Appliances and equipment
In a two-story single-family home, various appliances such as refrigerators, washing

machines, dryers, dishwashers, microwaves, and electric ovens will be installed. Standard
power outlets are complemented by a growing trend of including outlets with integrated
USB ports. This feature enables the charging of electronic devices like mobile phones and
tablets without the need for additional adapters.
2. Electrical System
2.1 Estimation of the electrical demand
𝐴́𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 250 𝑚2
#𝐶𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑖ts = 5
Lighting Points = 31
Outlet Points = 39
Special 𝑃oints = 5
LIGHTING POWER
Lighting Power = Lighting Points∗ Lighting Power
Lighting Power = 31 ∗ 100 = 3100 𝑊
LIGHTING DEMAND
Lighting Demand = Lighting Power ∗ Demand Factor
Lighting Demand = 3100 ∗ 0.6
Lighting Demand = 1860 𝑊
OUTLET POWER
Outlet Power = Outlet Points ∗ Outlet Power
Outlet Power = 39 ∗ 200 = 7800 𝑊
OUTLET DEMAND
Outlet Demand = Outlet Power ∗ Demand Factor
Outlet Demand = 7800∗ 0.5 = 3900 𝑊
SPECIAL POINTS DEMAND
Special 𝑃oints ∗ Special Points Demand ∗ Demand Factor
5*1500W *0.5 = 3750W
TOTAL DEMAND
Total Demand = Lighting Demand + Outlet Demand + Special Points Demand
Total Demand = 1860 𝑊 + 3900 𝑊 + 3750 𝑊
Total Demand = 9510 [𝑾]

Figure 3.Circuit Selection.
ELECTRICAL DEMAND ESTIMATION

First Floor
Phase A Phase B
1600 1500
Second Floor
Phase A Phase B
6950 7350
Total Demand By Phases
8550 8850
300
Cumple
Breaker Meter
Volt 110
Real Current
80,45
Current 125%
100,57
Comercial Current
125
Wire Meter
Current Wire
156,25
Wire
2F 3/0 + 1N 3/0 +1T 2/0
Conduit
2,5 " PVC
Table 1. Electrical Demand Estimation.

POWER OUTLET
First Floor
Comercial
Panel board Circuit Volt Phase Power W Quantity T. Power A T. Power B Real Current Current 125% 75% Current Wire Wire Conduit
Current
C1 110 A 200 5 1000 9,091 11,364 20 15 Ok 25 1F#10+1N#10+1T#12 AWG TW PVC 3/4" (21 mm)
C2 110 B 200 6 1200 10,909 13,636 20 15 Ok 25 1F#10+1N#10+1T#12 AWG TW PVC 3/4" (21 mm)
TDP 1
C3 110 A 200 7 1400 12,727 15,909 20 15 Ok 25 1F#10+1N#10+1T#12 AWG TW PVC 3/4" (21 mm)
A/C 220 AB 1500 1 750 750 3,409 4,261 20 15 Ok 25 2F#10+1T#12 AWG TW PVC 3/4" (21 mm)
19
Second Floor
Comercial
Current
C4 110 A 200 4 800 7,273 9,091 20 15 Ok 25,00 1F#10+1N#10+1T#12 AWG TW PVC 3/4" (21 mm)
C5 110 B 200 12 2400 21,818 27,273 30 22,5 Ok 37,50 1F#8+1N#8+1T#10 AWG TW PVC 3/4" (21 mm)
A/C 220 AB 1500 1 750 750 3,409 4,261 20 15 Ok 25,00 2F#10+1T#12 AWG TW PVC 3/4" (21 mm)
TDP 2
A/C 220 BA 1500 1 750 750 3,409 4,261 20 15 Ok 25,00 2F#10+1T#12 AWG TW PVC 3/4" (21 mm)
A/C 220 AB 1500 1 750 750 3,409 4,261 20 15 Ok 25,00 2F#10+1T#12 AWG TW PVC 3/4" (21 mm)
A/C 220 BA 1500 1 750 750 3,409 4,261 20 15 Ok 25,00 2F#10+1T#12 AWG TW PVC 3/4" (21 mm)
20
Table 2. Design Electric System Outlet.
POWER LIGHTING
First Floor
Comercial
Panel Board Circuit Volt Phase Power W Quantity T. Power A T. Power B Real Current Current 125% 75% Current Wire Wire Conduit
Current
C1 110 A 100 7 700 6,36 7,95 15 11,25 Ok 18,75 1F#12+1N#12 AWG TW PVC 1/2" (16 mm)
TDP 1 C2 110 B 100 4 400 3,64 4,55 15 11,25 Ok 18,75 1F#12+1N#12 AWG TW PVC 1/2" (16 mm)
16
Second Floor
Comercial
Current
TDP 2
C5 110 B 100 11 1100 10,000 12,500 15 11,25 Ok 18,75 1F#12+1N#12 AWG TW PVC 1/2" (16 mm)
15
Table 3. Design Electric System Lighting.

ONE LINE DIAGRAM
Figure 4. One Line Diagram.

2.2 Feeding system to transformer
The single-family home will be connected to the public electrical system through
distribution lines from the local utility company. The connection will be made
through a main entry point, a transformer will be installed in the designated place,
which will receive the electric current from the public network and transform it to
voltage levels suitable for the internal distribution of the home.
From the transformer, electricity will be distributed to the interior of the home
through a main electrical panel. This panel will contain the necessary switches to
direct electricity to different sections, suitable protective devices such as circuit
breakers, circuit breakers and surge protection devices will be implemented to
ensure the safety of the internal electrical system and protect against possible
failures or problems in the electrical network.
Pipes and conduits will be installed in accordance with local regulations. Strong and
safe materials will be used to protect the electrical cables that run from the main
connection point to the transformer and from the transformer to the building's
electrical panel. A suitable grounding system will be implemented to ensure safety
and dissipate any fault currents.
An electric consumption meter provided by the utility company will be installed to
record and bill electricity consumption. All electrical system components will comply
with local and national electrical codes and regulations.
2.3 Feeding to main panelboard (TDG)
Powering the main electrical panel of a home in Ecuador involves the supply of
electrical energy from the public network to the panel that will distribute the
electricity to the different internal circuits of the home. In this case, an individual
connection will be installed, which is a physical derivation that is installed to supply
the electrical service that includes the power line with its accessories, from the
distribution network to the energy delivery point, the connection will be formed by a
line that joins the general electrical network, the connection of the home is single-
phase, with two wires, one active (positive) and the other neutral, at 120 volts.
Service conductors must have an insulating jacket type TTU, THHN, THW, cross-linked
polyethylene (XLPE) or similar that resists exposure to weather and other conditions.
The grounded neutral conductor of the service may be bare or insulated.
The service conductors must have a current carrying capacity that is in accordance
with the maximum demand to be served, without a temperature increase
detrimental to their insulation, and they will have adequate mechanical resistance.
For medium voltage connections with two conductors (including the neutral), the
interior diameter of the connection entry pipe will be 0.075 m; For medium voltage
connections with more than two conductors, the diameter of the pipe will be 0.11 m,
the pipe that contains the signal conductors will be 0.032 m in diameter or larger.
To rectify the connection, it is necessary to utilize the following, depending on the

situation: clamps, eye nuts, support hooks, eye bolts, pole insulators (rolling type),
preformed ties, duck-gut insulators, facade bracket, post bracket, and self-adjusting
clamps. The inlet pipe for the connection will be equipped with a firm EMT-type
reversible elbow to prevent rainwater ingress. Through this, the conductors of
various phases will pass through distinct openings in the nozzle, whenever feasible.
The reversible elbow should be positioned approximately 20 centimeters above or
below the connection point.
Figure 5.Underground Connection Scheme.
2.4 Panelboards
The panelboards are electrical equipment of an installation, which concentrate
protection and control devices, from which all or part of the installation can be
protected and operated and must provide a high level of security and reliability in the
protection of people and electrical installations.
The number of panels necessary for the control and protection of an installation will
be determined in order to safeguard security and try to obtain the best functionality
and flexibility in the operation of the installation, taking into account the distribution
and purpose of each of the panels. panels. environments into which the project is
subdivided. In this case there are 5 circuits, 3 on the ground floor and two on the
upper floor in addition to the five special points for which two electrical panels were
used.
The boards will be installed in safe and easily accessible places, no cloakrooms or
storage rooms will be located at the back of the board, and the following particular
conditions will be met:
A. The switchboards in places where people gather shall be located in

environments only accessible to the operation and administration personnel.
B. In case it is necessary to install panels in hazardous environments, they shall
be built using equipment and construction methods in accordance with the
specific standards on the subject.
C. All panels shall be manufactured by a qualified company, and shall bear
visibly, legibly and indelibly the manufacturing mark, service voltage, rated
current and number of phases. The person responsible for the installation
shall add his name or registered trademark in due time and the
corresponding single-line diagram shall be located inside.
D. The equipment placed in a panel must comply with the corresponding NTE
INEN standards and the requirements established by the electric power
supply companies.
E. The panels must allow:
 To provide an adequate response to the technical specifications of each
project.
 Optimum use of the dimensions and distribution inside the panel.
 Use of standardized components.
 Ease of modification.
 Easy power and auxiliary connections.
 Easy evolution of the installation at a controlled cost.
For this project, one panel per floor will be used, in this case there will be 2 panels
where the energy can be controlled and distributed independently to each floor, for
this two General Electric Single-Phase Panels will be used - 8 to 16 Spaces
Figure 6.General Electric Single-Phase Panel.
Fire-resistant Galvanized Steel panelboard, self-extinguishing and not susceptible to

humidity, in addition to being resistant to corrosion or incorporating an internal
cover whose function is to prevent contact with foreign objects on the energized
parts and also includes an external door. It is possible to install this panel recessed or
superimposed on a wall, with installation heights ranging between 0.60 m and 2.0 m,
measured from the finished floor level, with a weight of 4.04 Kg and its dimensions
are: 32 x 31.4 x 8.5cm.
2.5 Feading to distribution panelboards

Powering the distribution boards involves the supply of electrical energy from the
main network, then the input to the panel, to distribute the energy to the branch
circuits.
Throughout the home, incoming power passes through the main disconnect switch
or circuit breaker. The main connection provides a means to shut off all power to the
home in case of emergencies or maintenance. Power is directed to the distribution
panels. located in various strategic points of the house that they act as central
distribution points for branch circuits.
The material used as a conductive material for branch circuits will be copper due to
its high conductivity and corrosion resistance.
The wire size is selected based on the ampacity (current carrying capacity)
requirements of the branch circuit. The NEC provides tables and guidelines for
determining proper wire sizing based on load and circuit length.
2.6 Branch circuits

Branch circuits are part of an electrical system that goes to different parts of a
location supplying electricity. These range from the main panel to items such as
power outlets and luminaires, which can operate with 110 V or 220 V. In Ecuador
there is a standard code, the Ecuadorian Construction Standard (NEC) called
“Electrical Installations” with code NEC – SB – IE where it establishes the limitations
on the electrical installation of a home.
MAXIMUM POWER
 For lighting: Each lighting outlet must have a maximum load of 100 Watts.
 For outlets: Each outlet must have a maximum load of 200 Watts.
 For special loads: These outlets must have a minimum load of 1500 Watts.
Those branch circuits, lighting, power outlets and special load circuits have
independence
CIRCUIT LIMITATIONS
 The lighting circuits can supply up to a maximum load of 15 A and have no

exceed 15 lighting fixtures.
 Outlet circuits can supply up to a maximum load of 20 A and are not they
have exceeded 10 games.
 Special load circuits must be individually designed to support the rated load
of each unit conductor gauge.
The minimum current capacity is considered in addition to:
a. The size of the neutral conductor must be the same as that of the phase
conductor.
b. In lighting circuits, insulated copper conductors’ type THHN with a minimum
c. A cross-sectional area of 2.5 mm² (14 AWG) is used for the phase, neutral
and ground conductors.
In power outlet circuits, the following aspects must be considered:
a. The size of the neutral conductor must be the same as that of the phase
conductor.
b. In outlet circuits, type THHN insulated copper conductors with a minimum
cross-sectional area of 4 are used mm² (12 AWG) for phase and neutral.
c. The size of the ground conductor is determined as indicated in Table 1.
In circuits with special loads, the following aspects must be considered:
a. The size of the ground conductor is determined as indicated in Table 1.

b. In circuits for special loads, type THHN insulated copper conductors for the
phases are used with a minimum cross section of 5.26 mm² (10 AWG).
Table 4. Size of grounding conductors for conduits and equipment.
2.7 Grounding systems

The main objective of grounding is to limit the voltage that metal masses can have
with respect to ground at a given time, designed to protect people and equipment
from damage due to electric shock, the grounding system is installed in accordance
with local electrical codes.
The grounding conductor will be copper, solid or wired, bare or insulated. The
minimum section will be in accordance with the section of the largest conductor of
the connection in low-income properties and suburban homes, the minimum
conductor section will be No. 8 AWG copper, connected to the electrode using
clamps, connectors or exothermic welding. In meter panels, the ground connection
of the neutral bar will be made through terminals, which will be used exclusively for
this purpose.
The electrical resistance of the grounding system must be less than 20 ohms for
buildings with demands up to 250 kVA and 10 ohms for buildings with demands
greater than 250 kVA and less than 1,000kW.
2.8 Branch circuit shedulces
3. Technical specifications
3.1 Codes and standards used
Electrical systems in Ecuador adhere to the codes and standards established by the
Ecuadorian Institute of Standardization (INEN), specifically the guidelines established
by the Ecuadorian Technical Standard (NTE) INEN 2014: “Low voltage electrical
installations.” The main code is NEC Ecuador (Norma Ecuadorian de Construction), a
customized version of the US National Electrical Code (NEC), adapted to the specific
needs of Ecuador. This code covers various aspects of electrical installations,
including wiring methods, conductor size, grounding, and protective devices.
Additionally, Ecuador can consider international standards, such as those of the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), as complementary guidelines for
electrical systems.
3.2 Materials
3.2.1 Pipes
Electrical pipes are essential in any installation, as they allow electrical wiring
to be protected and conducted. There are several types of electrical pipes
available on the market depending on what you are looking for.
There are flexible and rigid pipes, the most common are:
 Metallic tubing- Electrical Metallic Tubing (EMT)

 Rigid PVC electrical tubing
 Flexible metal pipe (BX)
 Flexible plastic tubing-– Electrical Nonmetallic Tubing (ENT) – Fluxtube
 Flexible plastic pipe – Polyduct
Figure 7. Pipes Types.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
 Conduit Material
Electrical pipes or conduits are typically made from materials like PVC
(Polyvinyl Chloride), HDPE (High-Density Polyethylene), steel, or aluminum.
PVC and HDPE are commonly used for residential applications due to their
durability, ease of installation, and resistance to corrosion.
 Size and Diameter
The size and diameter of the electrical conduit depend on the number and size
of the electrical wires or cables to be installed. Common sizes for residential
applications are 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) and 3/4 inch (19.05 mm) for PVC conduits.
 Wall Thickness
The wall thickness of the conduit, especially for PVC, should be sufficient to
withstand mechanical stress during installation and protect the electrical
wiring inside. Standard wall thicknesses are designated by "Schedule"
numbers, with Schedule 40 being a common choice for PVC conduits.
 Fire Rating
In certain applications, especially in commercial or industrial settings, fire-rated

conduits may be required to prevent the spread of fire along the electrical
system.
 UV Resistance (for Outdoor Use)
For outdoor installations, UV-resistant conduits are necessary to protect

against degradation due to exposure to sunlight.
INSTALLATION PROCEDURE
1. Planning and Design, before beginning the installation, create a

detailed electrical plan to determine the locations and routes of the
electrical conduits. Consider factors like load capacity, wire size, and
the number of bends and junction boxes needed.
2. Safety Precautions always follow safety guidelines and use appropriate
personal protective equipment (PPE) when handling electrical
components.
3. Marking and measuring, mark the locations where the conduits will be
installed on the walls or ceilings. Use measuring tools to ensure
accurate placement and alignment.
4. Cutting Conduits, cut the conduits to the required lengths using a
hacksaw or a conduit cutter. Ensure clean and square cuts to facilitate
easy installation.
5. Bending Conduits if you need to navigate corners or curves, you may
need to bend the conduits. Use a conduit bender of the appropriate
size and type (hand or mechanical) to achieve smooth bends without
causing damage.
6. Fixing and Securing Conduits, attach conduit straps or clamps at
regular intervals to secure the conduits to walls, ceilings, or other
support structures, ensure that the conduits are straight and level
along their entire length.
7. Pulling Wires after installing the conduits, carefully pull the electrical
wires or cables through them. Use lubricants or wire-pulling
compounds to ease the process and avoid damaging the insulation.
8. Junction Boxes and Fitting, install junction boxes and conduit fittings at
appropriate points, such as bends, intersections, or where wires
transition from conduit to electrical devices (outlets, switches, etc.).
9. Grounding, properly ground the electrical conduits according to local
electrical codes and standards.
10. Sealing depending on the application, you may need to seal the
conduits to protect against moisture, dust, or gas intrusion.
11. After the installation is complete, conduct a final inspection to ensure
that the electrical system complies with relevant codes and
regulations.
3.2.2 Juction boxes
Junction boxes are a plastic or metal enclosure that houses electrical wiring
connections, protecting them from the elements and vandalism. These
connections are not ordinary, they are the main reducers of the primary
electrical network and feed the entire building from one point, with a control
mechanism that can be resorted to in case of emergency.
The junction boxes are made to be wired easily and come with ample space
inside to allow free circulation of air and, at the same time, to give the cables
all the space necessary to move without coming into contact, they are A much
needed addition to any setup that uses electricity.
Junction boxes are typically made of materials such as metal (steel or

aluminum) or plastic (PVC). Metal junction boxes are preferred for their
durability and fire resistance, the size of the junction box should be chosen
based on the number and size of wires or cables to be married inside the
capacity of the box should allow for proper organization of cables and must
comply with local electrical codes.
1. Always put safety first and wear appropriate PPE when work with
electrical components.
2. Location Selection Choose the appropriate location for junction boxes,
taking into account accessibility, cable routing and any future
maintenance requirements mark the mounting hole positions on the
wall or surface where the junction box will be installed. Use a level to
ensure accuracy.
3. Cut the conduits to the required length and twist them, run the wires
through them before connecting them to the junction box.
4. Securely mount the junction box to the wall or surface using
appropriate screws or fasteners. Make sure the box is level and
properly aligned.
5. Inside the junction box, make the necessary wire connections using
wire nuts or terminal blocks, following the wiring diagram or electrical
drawing.
6. Make sure the junction box is properly grounded in accordance with
electrical codes.
7. For outdoor installations or areas prone to moisture or dust, apply
suitable sealing materials or gaskets to ensure that the junction box is
well sealed and protected.
8. After all cable connections are made, securely secure the junction box
cover using screws or latches.
9. After installation is complete, perform a final inspection to make sure
the junction box and electrical connections comply with local safety
standards and electrical codes.
3.2.3 Wire
When carrying out a domestic electrical installation, different types of cables
are used, and to have a safe installation it is important to know them, and seek
advice from professionals to be able to choose the appropriate cables
according to the use.
First of all, it is important to define what electrical wiring is. It is made up of all
the cables that are used in an installation to conduct electricity from one point
to another. Thus, the wiring transports the electric current from the point
where the general electrical panel of our home is located to the rest of the
consumption points such as sockets, light points, etc.
 Conductive material
Electrical cables are usually made of copper or aluminum, copper is the most
common choice due to its excellent conductivity and corrosion resistance.
 Wire Gauge (AWG)
The wire gauge, measured in American Wire Gauge (AWG) or simply "gauge",
determines the diameter and current carrying capacity of the wire, smaller
gauges indicate thicker wires with greater carrying capacity. current transport.
 Insulation material
The cables are insulated with materials such as PVC (polyvinyl chloride), cross-
linked polyethylene (XLPE) or thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) to protect against
electrical shock and prevent short circuits.
 Temperature Rating
Cable insulation must have a temperature rating appropriate for the expected
operating conditions. Common temperature ratings are 60°C, 75°C and 90°C.
Electrical cables are designed to specific voltage ratings to match the voltage of
the electrical system.
Cables are available in solid or stranded configurations. Stranded wires are

more flexible and are commonly used for applications that require frequent
bending or movement.
1. Planning and design, a detailed electrical plan is created to determine

the cable routes, lengths and sizes needed for the electrical system.
2. Selecting the correct wire: Choose the appropriate wire gauge and type
based on your electrical load and specific application. Consult electrical
codes and standards for guidance.
3. Measuring and Cutting: Measure and cut the cables to the required
lengths, leaving a little extra length for easier installation.
4. Stripping the ends, strip a sufficient length of insulation from the ends of
the wire to make proper connections. Use wire strippers to avoid
damaging the conductors.
5. Making Connections Connect wires to electrical devices (outlets,

switches, etc.) using wire nuts, terminal blocks, or other suitable
connectors follow the wiring diagram or electrical plan.
6. Color coding if applicable, adhere to color coding standards to identify
different cable types and their purposes.
7. Routing and security, route cables along planned routes and secure
them using clips, cable ties, or conduit as necessary avoid sharp bends
and kinks which could damage the cable.
8. Grounding properly ground wires and connect them to grounding
points, following electrical codes and safety standards.
9. Insulation integrity: Ensure that the cable insulation is intact and
undamaged along its entire length.
10.After installation is complete, perform a final inspection to
11.Verify proper connections, cable integrity, and compliance with safety
standards and electrical codes.
12.Before energizing the circuit, perform insulation resistance continuity
tests.
3.2.4 Panelboards
 Current Rating
Panelboards are rated for specific maximum current capacities, such as 100A,
200A, 400A, etc. Choose a panelboard with a current rating suitable for the
electrical load of the system.
 Voltage Rating
Panelboards should match the system voltage they will be connected to,
commonly 120/240V for residential applications and higher voltages for
commercial and industrial setups.
 Number of Circuits
Determine the number of circuits required for the electrical system, and select
a panelboard with enough spaces for present and future expansion.
 Busbar Material
The main busbars inside the panelboard are typically made of copper or
aluminum. Copper is more conductive but can be costlier.
 Enclosure Type and Material
Panelboards are available in various enclosure types, such as NEMA 1 (indoor

use), NEMA 3R (outdoor use), NEMA 4X (water and corrosion-resistant), and
others. The enclosure material is usually steel or aluminum.
 Door Type
Choose between hinged or bolted doors based on the installation

requirements and safety considerations.
 Safety Features
Look for panelboards with features like circuit breaker covers, dead-front
construction, and lockable doors to enhance safety and prevent unauthorized
access.
1. Safety Precautions prioritize safety throughout the installation process
turn off the main power supply before starting any work.
2. Choose a panelboard that meets the technical specifications and
capacity requirements for the electrical system.
3. Install the panelboard in a suitable location, ensuring adequate
clearance and accessibility. Mount it securely using appropriate
anchors or brackets.
4. Make sure the panelboard has sufficient knockouts or cable entries for
the incoming electrical conduits and wires.
5. Install the circuit breakers into their designated slots on the
panelboard's busbars. Ensure that each breaker matches the specific
load it will be protecting.
6. Carefully connect the electrical wires to the circuit breakers, adhering
to color codes and safety guidelines. Use wire connectors or terminal
blocks to make secure and reliable connections.
7. Connect the neutral and grounding wires to their respective busbars
within the panelboard, ensuring proper bonding and grounding as per
electrical codes.
8. Label each circuit breaker and its corresponding load for easy
identification during future maintenance and troubleshooting.
9. Conduct a thorough inspection of the panelboard and all connections
to ensure they are secure, properly torqued, and free from defects or
damages.
10. Once all connections are verified, close and secure the panelboard's
door to protect the interior components.
11. Before restoring power, test the circuit breakers and verify proper
functionality.
3.2.5 Distribution panels
 Current Rating
Distribution panels, also known as load centers or breaker panels, are rated for
specific maximum current capacities, such as 100A, 200A, 400A, etc. Choose a
distribution panel with a current rating suitable for the total electrical load of
the system.
 Voltage Rating
Distribution panels should match the system voltage they will be connected to,
commonly 120/240V for residential applications and higher voltages for
commercial and industrial setups.
 Number of Circuits
Determine the number of circuits required for the electrical system and select
a distribution panel with enough spaces for present and future expansion.
Panelboards may have a few circuits (for smaller installations) to dozens or
more (for larger commercial or industrial applications).
 Busbar Material
The main busbars inside the distribution panel are typically made of copper or
aluminum. Copper is more conductive but can be costlier.
 Enclosure Type and Material
Distribution panels are available in various enclosure types, such as NEMA 1

(indoor use), NEMA 3R (outdoor use), NEMA 4X (water and corrosion-
resistant), and others, the enclosure material is usually steel or aluminum.
 Door Type
Choose between hinge d or bolted doors based on the installation

requirements and safety considerations.
 Safety Features
Look for distribution panels with features like circuit breaker covers, dead-
front construction, and lockable doors to enhance safety and prevent
unauthorized access.
1. Safety Precautions: Prioritize safety throughout the installation
process turn off the main power supply before starting any work.
2. Choose a distribution panel that meets the technical specifications and
capacity requirements for the electrical system.
3. Install the distribution panel in a suitable location, ensuring adequate
clearance and accessibility. Mount it securely using appropriate
anchors or brackets.
4. Make sure the distribution panel has sufficient knockouts or cable
entries for the incoming electrical conduits and wires.
5. Install the circuit breakers into their designated slots on the
distribution panel's busbars. Ensure that each breaker matches the
specific load it will be protecting.
6. Carefully connect the electrical wires to the circuit breakers and
busbars, adhering to color codes and safety guidelines. Use wire
connectors or terminal blocks to make secure and reliable
connections.
7. Connect the neutral and grounding wires to their respective busbars
within the distribution panel, ensuring proper bonding and grounding
as per electrical codes.
8. Label each circuit breaker and its corresponding load for easy
identification during future maintenance and troubleshooting.
9. Conduct a thorough inspection of the distribution panel and all
connections to ensure they are secure, properly torqued, and free
from defects or damages.
10. Once all connections are verified, close and secure the distribution
panel's door to protect the interior components.
11. Before restoring power, test the circuit breakers and verify proper
functionality.
3.2.6 Circuit breakers

 Current Rating
Circuit breakers are rated for specific current-carrying capacities, measured in

amperes (A). Choose circuit breakers with current ratings that match the load
requirements of the electrical system.
 Voltage Rating
Circuit breakers should have a voltage rating that matches or exceeds the
system voltage they will be connected to (e.g., 120V, 240V, etc.).
 Interrupting Capacity
The interrupting capacity, expressed in kiloamperes (kA) or amperes (A),

indicates the maximum fault current a circuit breaker can safely interrupt
without damage. Ensure the circuit breaker's interrupting capacity exceeds the
available fault current in the system.
 Trip Curve
Circuit breakers are available in different trip curves (B, C, D, etc.), indicating
their response time to overcurrent conditions. Select the appropriate trip
curve based on the specific load characteristics and system requirements.
 Number of Poles
Choose the number of poles based on the type of load and application.
Common options include single-pole (1P), double-pole (2P), and triple-pole
(3P) circuit breakers.
 Special Features
Some circuit breakers may have special features like ground fault protection
(GFCI), arc fault protection (AFCI), or thermal-magnetic trip units, which
enhance safety and protection.
1. Prioritize safety throughout the installation process turn off the main
power supply before starting any work.
2. Choose circuit breakers that match the technical specifications and
capacity requirements of the electrical system. Consider the type of
load, current rating, voltage rating, and other relevant factors.
3. Determine the appropriate location for the circuit breaker based on
the electrical plan and load distribution. Consider accessibility and
safety when selecting the mounting position.
4. Carefully connect the electrical wires to the terminals of the circuit
breaker. Follow color codes and safety guidelines to ensure proper
connections.
5. Securely mount the circuit breaker to its designated location, either
on a panelboard or within an enclosure. Use appropriate mounting
hardware for a secure fit.
6. Label each circuit breaker to indicate its corresponding load and
purpose for easy identification during future maintenance and
troubleshooting.
7. Ensure that the circuit breaker and the electrical system are properly
grounded according to electrical codes and safety standards.
8. Before energizing the circuit, conduct a thorough verification of all
connections to ensure they are secure and correct. Test the circuit
breaker to verify its functionality, including trip settings (if
adjustable).
9. Conduct a final inspection to ensure the circuit breaker and all
connections meet safety standards and electrical codes.
10. Once all connections are verified, close and secure any access covers
or enclosures associated with the circuit breaker.
11. Affix appropriate safety labels and instructions near the circuit
breaker to provide critical information to users and maintenance
personnel
3.2.7 Switches and outles
 Voltage Rating
Switches and outlets should have a voltage rating that matches the system
voltage they will be connected to (e.g., 120V, 240V, etc.).
 Current Rating
For outlets, the current rating is typically 15A or 20A. For switches, the current
rating is not applicable, as they are not designed to carry the load
continuously.
 Number of Poles
Switches are available in single-pole (SP), double-pole (DP), and three-way (3-
way) configurations. Outlets are typically single pole.
 Type of Switches
There are various types of switches, including toggle switches, rocker switches,
dimmer switches, and motion sensor switches. Choose the appropriate type
based on the application and user preferences.
 Grounding
Most modern switches and outlets are designed to be grounded for added
safety. Ensure proper grounding as per electrical codes.
 Material and Color

Switches and outlets come in different materials, such as plastic, metal, or
stainless steel, and various colors and finishes to match the decor.
INSTALLATION PROCEDURE - OUTLETS
1. Choose the appropriate type of outlet (duplex, GFCI, etc.) based on the
application and electrical plan.
2. Determine the desired location for the outlet, considering electrical
code requirements and convenience.
3. Carefully connect the electrical wires to the outlet terminals, ensuring
correct polarity and grounding.
4. Securely mount the outlet to the electrical box using screws.
5. Once the outlet is mounted, install the outlet cover or faceplate.
6. For GFCI outlets, perform the necessary tests to ensure proper
operation and protection.
7. Before restoring power, verify that the outlet functions correctly. Test
its functionality using a voltage tester or by plugging in a suitable
device.
8. Conduct a final inspection to ensure the outlet is securely mounted,
properly grounded (if applicable), and all connections are properly
made.
INSTALLATION PROCEDURE - SWITCHES

1. Choose the appropriate type and configuration of switch based
on the application and electrical plan.
2. Determine the desired location for the switch, considering
accessibility and convenience.
3. Carefully connect the electrical wires to the switch terminals.
Follow color codes and safety guidelines for proper connections.
4. Securely mount the switch to the electrical box using screws or
mounting straps.
5. Once the switch is mounted, install the switch cover or faceplate.
6. Before restoring power, verify that the switch functions correctly
by turning it on and off. Ensure that it operates smoothly and
without any issues.
7. Conduct a final inspection to ensure the switch is securely
mounted and all connections are properly made.
3.2.8 Transformers
 Power Rating
Transformers are rated based on their power capacity, measured in

kilovolt-amperes (kVA) or megavolt-amperes (MVA). Choose a
transformer with a power rating suitable for the specific load
requirements of the electrical system.
 Voltage Rating
Transformers have primary and secondary voltage ratings, the primary

voltage should match the input voltage of the electrical system, while
the
secondary voltage should match the desired output voltage.
 Frequency Rating
Transformers are designed for specific frequency ratings, commonly 50

Hz or 60 Hz, depending on the country's electrical grid standard.
 Insulation Class
Transformers have different insulation classes to withstand temperature

rise and environmental conditions. Common insulation classes include
A, B, F, H, etc.
 Efficiency
Transformers have an efficiency rating, which indicates the percentage
of input power converted into output power. Higher efficiency

transformers are more energy efficient.
 Cooling Method
Transformers can be designed for various cooling methods, such as air-

cooled, oil-immersed, or forced-air cooling. The cooling method affects
the transformer's temperature rise and overall performance.
 Impedance
Transformers have an impedance value, represented as a percentage,
which indicates the ability to withstand short-circuit currents.
 Mounting Type
Transformers are available in various mounting configurations, including

pad-mounted, pole-mounted, and indoor-mounted, depending on the
installation requirements.
1. Choose a transformer that meets the technical specifications

and capacity requirements of the electrical system. Consider
factors like power rating, voltage rating, and efficiency.
2. Determine the appropriate location for the transformer,
considering accessibility, clearances, and load distribution.
3. If the transformer requires a concrete foundation, prepare the
foundation according to the manufacturer's recommendations
and local regulations
4. Carefully transport the transformer to the installation site and
use appropriate rigging equipment to position it on the
foundation or mounting platform.
5. Make the necessary electrical connections to the transformer
terminals. Follow the correct phasing and polarity, as indicated
in the transformer's nameplate.
6. Cooling System Installation for oil-immersed transformers,
install the cooling system and ensure proper ventilation.
7. Properly ground the transformer as per electrical codes and
safety standards.
8. Install protective devices, such as fuses and circuit breakers, as
required for the transformer and the connected electrical
system.
9. Conduct a thorough inspection of the transformer and all
connections to ensure they are secure and correct. Perform
insulation resistance tests and other required tests to verify the
transformer's integrity.
10. Final Inspection and Energizing, once all installations and tests
are completed successfully, conduct a final inspection of the
transformer installation. With the help of a qualified electrician,
energize the transformer and verify its proper operation.
11. Affix appropriate safety labels and instructions near the
transformer to provide critical information to users and
maintenance personnel.
4. Cost estimate
4.1 Electrical System
PROYECTO VIVIENDA UNIFAMILIAR
UBICACIÓN CIUDAD CELESTE
PRESUPUESTO
INSTALACIONES ELÉCTRICAS
ITEM RUBRO UNIDAD CANTIDAD P. UNITARIO PRECIO
57 PUNTO DE TOMACORRIENTE 110 V PTO. 34 $37,10 $1.261,47
58 PUNTO DE TOMACORRIENTE 220 V PTO. 5 $46,85 $234,26
59 PUNTO DE ALUMBRADO PTO. 31 $48,73 $1.510,69
60 PANEL DE DISTRIBUCIÓN GENERAL U. 1 $218,73 $218,73
61 PANEL DE DISTRIBUCIÓN (TDP) U. 2 $64,63 $129,26
62 INSTALACIÓN DE BREAKERS DE 1 POLO 30 A U. 1 $21,13 $21,13
65 VARILLA COPPERWELD Y CONECTOR U. 1 $25,24 $25,24
SUBTOTAL $3.662,99
TOTAL COSTOS DIRECTOS $3.662,99

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FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA EN CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA

2.1 Estimation of the electrical demand............................................................................6

2.2 Feeding system to transformer..................................................................................10

2.3 Feeding to main panelboard (TDG)............................................................................10

2.5 Feading to distribution panelboards..........................................................................13

2.6 Branch circuits............................................................................................................14

2.7 Grounding systems.....................................................................................................14

2.8 Branch circuit shedulces.............................................................................................14

3.1 Codes and standards used.........................................................................................14

3.2.2 Juction boxes......................................................................................................17

3.2.5 Distribution panels.............................................................................................24

3.2.6 Circuit breakers..................................................................................................26

3.2.7 Switches and outles...........................................................................................28

4.1 Electrical System.........................................................................................................34

Figure 1. Ground floor plan.

Figure 2. Upper floor plan.

2. Main Distribution Panel

3. Circuits and Outlets

5. Appliances and equipment

In a two-story single-family home, various appliances such as refrigerators, washing

Lighting Power = Lighting Points∗ Lighting Power

Lighting Power = 31 ∗ 100 = 3100 𝑊

Lighting Demand = Lighting Power ∗ Demand Factor

Lighting Demand = 3100 ∗ 0.6

Lighting Demand = 1860 𝑊

Outlet Power = Outlet Points ∗ Outlet Power

Outlet Power = 39 ∗ 200 = 7800 𝑊

Outlet Demand = Outlet Power ∗ Demand Factor

Outlet Demand = 7800∗ 0.5 = 3900 𝑊

SPECIAL POINTS DEMAND

Special 𝑃oints ∗ Special Points Demand ∗ Demand Factor

5*1500W *0.5 = 3750W

Total Demand = Lighting Demand + Outlet Demand + Special Points Demand

Total Demand = 1860 𝑊 + 3900 𝑊 + 3750 𝑊

Total Demand = 9510 [𝑾]

ELECTRICAL DEMAND ESTIMATION

Table 1. Electrical Demand Estimation.

Table 2. Design Electric System Outlet.

Table 3. Design Electric System Lighting.

Figure 4. One Line Diagram.

To rectify the connection, it is necessary to utilize the following, depending on the

A. The switchboards in places where people gather shall be located in

Figure 6.General Electric Single-Phase Panel.

Fire-resistant Galvanized Steel panelboard, self-extinguishing and not susceptible to

2.5 Feading to distribution panelboards

2.6 Branch circuits

 The lighting circuits can supply up to a maximum load of 15 A and have no

The minimum current capacity is considered in addition to:

In power outlet circuits, the following aspects must be considered:

In circuits with special loads, the following aspects must be considered:

a. The size of the ground conductor is determined as indicated in Table 1.

2.7 Grounding systems

 Metallic tubing- Electrical Metallic Tubing (EMT)

Figure 7. Pipes Types.

In certain applications, especially in commercial or industrial settings, fire-rated

 UV Resistance (for Outdoor Use)

For outdoor installations, UV-resistant conduits are necessary to protect

1. Planning and Design, before beginning the installation, create a

51500W 0.5 = 3750W