SUBJECT: PHYSICAL SCIENCES

CONTENT: MECHANICS

ACTIVITY BOOK

LEARNER/TEACHER

TERM 2

Topic
WORK, ENERGY AND POWER

JENN ACTIVITY MANUAL TOPIC:TEACHER/LEARNER

 COVID AWARENESS (FIRST 5 MINUTES PRIOR TO TEACHING)
Purpose:

This document provides guidelines and control measures regarding the management of COVID 19

Basics Information:

• Prepare carefully, but don’t panic

• COVID – 19 is an infectious condition, which means it can be spread, directly or indirectly,
from one person to another
• Involves your upper respiratory tract (nose, throat, airways, lungs).

Track Your Symptoms:

• An infected person can spread the infection to a healthy person.

• Close contact with the infected person, can spread virus through the eye, nose, and mouth
via droplets produced on coughing or sneezing. Contact with contaminated surfaces, objects,
or items of personal use

How to protect yourself:

• Everyone is encouraged to wash the hands with water and soap for at least 20 seconds from
time to time.
• Use of a three-layered mask.
• Social distancing, 1.5 meters observation from other individuals.
• People who are infected can show no symptoms, but they are still infectious.
• Do not share food, utensils, cups, or towels

Reporting:

• Report any symptoms like coughing, sore throat, flu, vomiting, running stomach or loss of smell
to the centre manager, teacher or principal.
• Avoid spreading unconfirmed rumours on COVID-19, this is a criminal offence.

JENN MEMORANDUM TOPIC LEARNER/TEACHER :

CONTENTS PAGE

TOPIC : Work, Energy and Power

 Activity 1 3
 Activity 2 4
 Activity 3 6
 Activity 4 7
 Activity 5 9
 Activity 6 10

ICON DESCRIPTION

MIND MAP EXAMINATION CONTENTS ACTIVITIES

GUIDELINE

BIBLIOGRAPHY TERMINOLOGY WORKED EXAMPLES STEPS

TOPIC : Work, Energy and Power

Duration: 4Hours
Outcomes: At the end of the session learners/ teachers must:
 Define the work done on an object; Draw force diagram & free-body diagrams.
 Calculate the net work done on an object.
 Distinguish between positive work and negative net work done on the system.
 Define the work-energy theorem.
 Apply the work-energy theorem on horizontal, vertical and inclined planes.
 Define conservative and non-conservative forces and give examples.
 State the principle of conservation of mechanical energy
 Solve problems using the equation: W nc = ΔEk + ΔEp
 Show that Emech is conserved in absence of non-conservative forces.
 Define power and calculate the power involved when work is done.
 Perform calculations using Pave= Fvave when an object moves at a constant speed along
a rough horizontal surface or a rough inclined plane.

JENN ACTIVITY MANUAL TOPIC TEACHER/LEARNER

 Calculate the minimum power required of an electric motor to pump water from a borehole
of a depth at a rate using W nc = ΔEk + ΔEp.

Activity 1

In the diagram below, a 4 kg block lying on a rough horizontal surface is connected to

a 6 kg block by a light inextensible string passing over a light frictionless pulley.

Initially the blocks are HELD AT REST.

1.1 State the work-energy theorem in words.

(2)
ANSWER

1.2 When the blocks are released, the 6 kg block falls through a vertical distance of 1,6
m.
Draw a labelled free-body diagram for the 6 kg block.
(2)
ANSWER

1.3 Calculate the work done by the gravitational force on the 6 kg block (3)

ANSWER

JENN ACTIVITY MANUAL TOPIC TEACHER/LEARNER

 The coefficient of the kinetic friction between the 4 kg block and the horizontal
surface is 0,4. Ignore the effects of air resistance.
1.4 Use energy principles to calculate the speed of the 6 kg block when it falls through
1,6 m while still attached to the 4 kg block (5)
ANSWER

Activity 2

2.1 A cart of mass 20 kg is pulled with a force of 60 N as indicated in the diagram

below. The cart slides over a distance of 20 m. ignore all effects of friction

2.1.1 Calculate the work done by the applied force.

(4)
ANSWER

2.1.2 Does the force of gravity do work on the cart? Explain.

(3)
ANSWER

JENN ACTIVITY MANUAL TOPIC TEACHER/LEARNER

2.2 ABC is a frictionless part of a track. A is a point1,2 m above the ground. Block P of
mass 0,3 kg slides from point A with an initial speed of 2 m.s-1 and reaches point B
as shown in the diagram below.

2.2.1 Define the term conservative force.

(2)
ANSWER

2.2.2 Calculate the speed of block P at point B.

(4)
ANSWER

Block P then collide with a stationary block Q of mass 0,4 kg. after the Collison, the
two blocks slide through BC and up the rough incline CD. The frictional force acting
on the blocks as they move up the incline is 0,5 N. the blocks come to rest at a
distance of 0,3 m up the incline.

2.2.3 State the law of conservation of linear momentum in words

(2)
ANSWER

Calculate the.

2.2.4 Speed of the combination of blocks P and Q immediately after the collision
(4)
ANSWER

2.2.5 Maximum height, h, reached by the combination of blocks

5

JENN ACTIVITY MANUAL TOPIC TEACHER/LEARNER

 (5)
ANSWER

Activity 3

An object of mass 1,8 kg slides down a rough curved track and passes point A, which
is 1,5 m above the ground, at a speed of 0,95 m.s-1

The object reaches point B at the bottom of the track at a speed of 4 m.s-1

3.1 Define the term conservative force

(2)
ANSWER

3.2 Name the conservative force acting on the object

(1)
ANSWER

3.3 Is mechanical energy conserved as the object slides from point A to point B? Choose (2)
from YES or NO. give a reason for the answer.
ANSWER

3.4 Calculate the gravitational potential energy of the object when it was at point A
6

JENN ACTIVITY MANUAL TOPIC TEACHER/LEARNER

 (3)
ANSWER

3.5 Using energy principles, calculate the work done by friction on the object as it slides
from point A to point B.
(4)
ANSWER

Surface BC in the diagram above is frictionless

3.6 What is the value of the net work done on the object as slides from point B to point
C? (1)
ANSWER

Activity 4

A man pushes a crate, of mass 10 kg, up a rough surface inclined at 20° to the
horizontal, with a 100 N force parallel to the suraface.

The crate is pushed 5 m up the surface with an initial speed of 1,5 m.s -1. The
coefficient of kinetic friction between the crate and surface is 0,4.

4.1 Draw a labelled free body diagram to show all the forces acting on the crate.
(4)
ANSWER

JENN ACTIVITY MANUAL TOPIC TEACHER/LEARNER

4.2 Calculate the work done by gravity.
(3)
ANSWER

4.3 Calculate the:

4.3.1 Energy lost due to friction.

(6)
ANSWER

4.3.2 Work done by the man in pushing the crate up the surface.
(1)
ANSWER

4.4 State the Work, Energy Theorem on words

(2)
ANSWER

4.5 Use the Work Energy Theorem to calculate the magnitude of the final velocity of
the crate after it has been pushed 5 m up the surface (4)
ANSWER

JENN ACTIVITY MANUAL TOPIC TEACHER/LEARNER

Activity 5

A slide PQR, at an amusement park consists of a curved frictionless section,PQ, ans

a section, QR, which is rough, straight and inclined at 30° to the horizontal. The
starting point, P, is 3 m above point Q. the straight section, QR, is 5 m long.

A learner, with mass 50 kg starting from rest at P, slides down section PQ, then
contiues down the straight section, QR.

5.1 State the law of conservation of mechanical energy in words

(2)
ANSWER

5.2 Calculate the speed of the learner at Q

(4)
ANSWER

5.3 Draw a labelled free-body diagram for the learner while he/she is on section QR (3)

ANSWER

The coefficient of kinetic friction (µk) between the learner and the surface of section
QR is 0,08.

5.4 Calculate the magnitude of the kinetic friction force acting on the learner when the
learner is on section QR

JENN ACTIVITY MANUAL TOPIC TEACHER/LEARNER

 (3)

ANSWER

5.5 Use energy principle to calculate the speed of the learner at point R
(5)
ANSWER

Activity 6

A trolley of mass 76 kg moves from rest from point W on a straight slope WXYZ. The
trolley reaches point X with a speed of 3 m.s-1 . The part WXY of the slope is
frictionless and YZ is a rough surafce.

6.1 Define the term normal force

(2)
ANSWER

6.2 Draw a labelled free-body diagram to show ALL the forces acting on the trolley while
it is moving from point X to point Y
(2)
ANSWER

6.3 Calculate the speed of the trolley at point Y

(4)
ANSWER

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JENN ACTIVITY MANUAL TOPIC TEACHER/LEARNER

 The coefficient of kinetic friction (µk) between the trolley and the surface of the slope
YZ is 0,21. The trolley comes to rest at point Z

6.4 Calculate the magnitude of the kinetic frictional force on the trolley while it moves
from Y to point Z
(3)
ANSWER

6.5 Explain why NO work is done by the normal force on the trolley.
(1)
ANSWER

6.6 Use ENERGY PRINCIPLES only to calculate the height h.

(6)
ANSWER

A block of 5 kg is added onto the trolley and the trolley block system moves again
from rest from point W
6.7 How will the speed of the trolley-block system at point Y compare to the speed of the
TROLLEY ONLY, as calculated in QUESTION 5.3? write down only INCREASES,
DECREASES or REMAINS THE SAME
(1)
ANSWER

Bibliography

1. National senior certificate Physical science Paper 1-FEB/MAR 2018

2. National senior certificate Physical science Paper NOV. 2018 and 2019

3. G.P Physical science Paper 1-SEPT 2015

4. L.P Physical science Paper 1-SEPT 2014

5. M.P Physical science Paper 1- SEPT 2017

6. F.S Physical science Paper 1-SEPT 2018

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JENN ACTIVITY MANUAL TOPIC TEACHER/LEARNER

7. FS department of education

Outcomes reached
YES NO
Add outcomes set

Define the work done on an object; Draw force diagram & free-body
diagrams.
Calculate the net work done on an object.
Distinguish between positive work and negative net work done on
the system.
Define the work-energy theorem.
Apply the work-energy theorem on horizontal, vertical and inclined
planes.
Define conservative and non-conservative forces and give
examples.
State the principle of conservation of mechanical energy
Solve problems using the equation: W nc = ΔEk + ΔEp
Show that Emech is conserved in absence of non-conservative forces.
Define power and calculate the power involved when work is done.
Perform calculations using Pave= Fvave when an object moves at a
constant speed along a rough horizontal surface or a rough inclined
plane.
Calculate the minimum power required of an electric motor to pump
water from a borehole of a depth at a rate using W nc = ΔEk + ΔEp.

12

JENN ACTIVITY MANUAL TOPIC TEACHER/LEARNER