Angeline C.

Garcia Bsed- Science 3

Search latest evidences of actual occurences of the following:

1. Precession of planetary orbits

Precession is the gradual change in the orientation of the planet’s rotational axis (red line). Think
of the wobble of a spinning top. The amount of tilt toward the sun doesn’t change; instead, the
orientation of the axis of rotation changes.
Precession was the third-discovered motion of Earth, after the far more obvious daily rotation
and annual revolution. Precession is caused by the gravitational influence of the Sun and the
Moon acting on Earth’s equatorial bulge. To a much lesser extent, the planets exert influence as
well.

At present, the rate of precession corresponds to a period of 25,772 years, so tropical year is
shorter than sidereal year by 1,224.5 seconds (20 min 24.5 s, ~365.24219*86400/25772).

2. Gravitational lensing

Gravitational lensing occurs when a huge amount of matter, like star galaxy or a cluster of
galaxies, creates a powerful gravitational field around it strong enough to bend light coming
from distant galaxies( behind them). Gravitational lensing tends to magnify distant sources that
are otherwise blocked by the galaxies in front of them. Although the view is often distorted. In a
way gravitational lensing is a kin to peering through gigantic telescope. Using gravitational
lensing we have confirmed and weighed many previous unseen galaxies, but gravitational
lensing is also helping us detect mysterious things in the universe that we can’t see. Earlier this
year, a machine learning algorithm identified up to 5,000 potential gravitational lenses. Now, a
team led by Kim-Vy Tran from the University of New South Wales, Sydney and including
astronomers at the University of California, Davis has assessed 77 of the potential lenses using
the Keck Observatory in Hawai’I and the Very Large Telescope in Chile. The team confirmed that
68 out of the 77 are strong gravitational lenses.

3. Detection of gravitational waves

Gravitational waves, one of the more exotic predictions of Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity,
may, after 80 years of controversy over their existence, be detected within the next decade.
Gravitational waves are produced when matter is accelerated in an asymmetrical way; but due to the
nature of the gravitational interaction, significant levels of radiation are produced only when very large
masses are accelerated in very strong gravitational fields. Such a situation cannot be found on earth but
is found in a variety of astrophysical systems. As of January 2022, LIGO has made three runs (with one of
the runs divided into two “subruns”), and made 90 detections of gravitational waves.
1. At present, the rate of precession corresponds to a period of 25,772 years, so tropical year is
shorter than sidereal year by 1,224.5 seconds (20 min 24.5 s, ~365.24219*86400/25772).

2. Earlier this year, a machine learning algorithm identified up to 5,000 potential gravitational
lenses. Now, a team led by Kim-Vy Tran from the University of New South Wales, Sydney and
including astronomers at the University of California, Davis has assessed 77 of the potential
lenses using the Keck Observatory in Hawai’I and the Very Large Telescope in Chile. The team
confirmed that 68 out of the 77 are strong gravitational lenses.

3. As of January 2022, LIGO has made three runs (with one of the runs divided into two “subruns”),
and made 90 detections of gravitational waves.