Circulatory system

Miss Javi Zúñiga

 Atria
In the context of anatomy, the term "atria"
refers to the two upper chambers of the
heart, also known as the atrium (singular).
These chambers receive blood returning to
the heart from the body (right atrium) and
from the lungs (left atrium). The atria
contract to push blood into the lower
chambers of the heart, called the ventricles,
which then pump blood out to the body and
lungs.
 Ventricles
The term "ventricles" refers to the two lower
chambers of the heart. The heart has four
chambers: two atria (upper chambers) and two
ventricles (lower chambers).
The right ventricle receives deoxygenated blood
from the right atrium and pumps it to the lungs
through the pulmonary artery for oxygenation.
The left ventricle receives oxygenated blood
from the left atrium and pumps it to the rest of
the body through the aorta, which is the largest
artery in the body.
The ventricles are thicker and more muscular
than the atria because they have to pump blood
out of the heart to the lungs and the rest of the
body, respectively.
 Aorta
The aorta is the largest artery in the human
body and is a key part of the circulatory
system. It originates from the left ventricle
of the heart and carries oxygen-rich blood
to the body's tissues. The aorta arches
upward and then descends through the
chest and abdomen, where it branches into
smaller arteries that supply blood to the
various organs and tissues.
The aorta plays a crucial role in systemic
circulation, which is the part of the
circulatory system that delivers oxygenated
blood from the heart to the rest of the body.
 Arteries
Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood
away from the heart to the rest of the body.
They are a key component of the circulatory
system and play a crucial role in delivering
oxygen and nutrients to tissues and organs
throughout the body.

Arteries are thick-walled and have a strong,

elastic structure that helps them withstand
the high pressure of blood being pumped
from the heart. As they branch out into
smaller vessels called arterioles, they
eventually lead to capillaries, where oxygen
and nutrients are exchanged for waste
products like carbon dioxide
 Veins
Veins are blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart from the body's tissues
and organs. Unlike arteries, which carry oxygenated blood away from the heart,
veins primarily carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. However, there are
exceptions, such as the pulmonary veins, which carry oxygenated blood from the
lungs to the heart.
Veins have thinner walls than arteries and contain valves that help prevent the
backward flow of blood. Because veins are carrying blood against gravity, especially
in the lower body, these valves are crucial for maintaining proper blood flow.
Once blood is returned to the heart via the veins, it enters the right atrium, which
then pumps it into the right ventricle and eventually to the lungs for oxygenation. This
process is part of the pulmonary circulation, where blood picks up oxygen and
releases carbon dioxide.
Formed
elements (blood)
The formed elements of blood are the
cellular components suspended in the
blood plasma. These include plasma,
red blood cells, white blood cells and
platelets Each of these elements has
specific functions that are vital for
maintaining health and proper bodily
functions.