MO3 - Monitoring Advertising

Marketing and Sales Managements
Module IV
Based on November 2023, Curriculum Version 2
Module Title: Monitoring Advertising

Module Code: LSA MSM4 M03 1123
Nominal Duration: 40 Hour
Prepared by: Ministry of Labor and Skills
November, 2023
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Page 1 of 42 Author/Copyright Version - I

Ministry of Labor and Monitoring Advertising
Skills November, 2023
Acknowledgment
Ministry of Labor and Skills wish to extend thanks and appreciation to the many
representatives of TVET instructors and respective industry experts who donated their time
and expertise to the development of this Teaching, Training and Learning Materials (TTLM).
Page i of 42 Ministry of Labor and Version - I

Skills Monitoring Advertising
November, 2023
Author/Copyright
Table of Contents
Acknowledgment ........................................................................................................................ i
Introduction to The Module ....................................................................................................... 1
UNIT ONE: OVERSEE PRE-PRODUCTION ......................................................................... 2
1.1 Budget Schedule ............................................................................................................. 3
1.1.1 Actual vs. Budgeted ................................................................................................. 3
1.2 Pre-Production Activities ................................................................................................ 4
1.2.2 Unit Production Manager .............................................................................................. 6
1.3 Effect Of Pre-Production ................................................................................................ 6
1.3.1 The Final Touches in Preproduction ............................................................................. 7
1.3.2 Principles of Effective Advertising ............................................................................... 8
SELF-CHECK UNIT ONE .................................................................................................. 10
UNIT TWO: OVERSEE PRODUCTION PROCESSES ........................................................ 12
2.1 Production Schedule ..................................................................................................... 12
2.2 Progress production ...................................................................................................... 16
2.3 Allocations Production Budget ..................................................................................... 17
Factors Affecting Advertising Budget ................................................................................. 18
SELF-CHECK UNIT TWO..................................................................................................... 21
UNIT THREE: MONITOR POST-PRODUCTION ............................................................... 22
3.1 Confirming Budget ...................................................................................................... 24
3.1.1 Confirming the budget in the production process ................................................. 25
3.2 Post-production activities.............................................................................................. 26
SELF-CHECK UNIT THREE ................................................................................................. 29
UNIT FOUR :- PRODUCE MONITORING REPORTS ........................................................ 31
4.1 Progress Reports ........................................................................................................... 31
4.2 Monitoring reports ........................................................................................................ 33
SELF CHEKE UNIT FOUR .................................................................................................... 36
Reference ................................................................................................................................. 38
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Introduction to the Module
This module describes the performance outcomes, skills and knowledge required to
monitoring advertising including, apply production plan, production post production in. By
the end of this module, you will have the knowledge and skills necessary to confidently
operate a monitoring advertising and contribute to efficient and accurate sales processes.
This module is designed to meet the industry requirement under the monitoring advertising
occupational standard, particularly for the marketing and sales management.
This Module Covers the Following Units:
This module is developed to provide the necessary information regarding the following units-
 Oversee pre-production
 Oversee production processes
 Monitor post-production
 Produce monitoring reports
At the end of the module the trainee will be able to:
 plan Oversee pre-production

 apply Oversee production processes
 Monitor post-production
 Produce monitoring reports
For effective use these modules trainees are expected to follow the following module
instruction:
1. Read the specific objectives of this Learning outcome.
2. Follow the instructions described below 3 to 5.
3. Read the information written in the ―Information Sheets Try to understand what are being
discussed. Ask teacher for assistance if have hard time understanding them.
4. Accomplish the ―Self-check‖ given at the end of each information sheet
5. If earned a satisfactory evaluation, proceed to next information sheet. However, if r rating
is unsatisfactory, contact r teacher for further instructions
Page 1 of 42 Ministry of Labor and Version - I

November, 2023
Author/Copyright
UNIT ONE: OVERSEE PRE-PRODUCTION
This unit is developed to provide the necessary information regarding the following content
coverage and topics
 Budget Schedule,
 Pre-Production Activities
 Effect Of Pre-Production
This unit will also assist to attain the following learning outcomes. Specifically, upon completion
of this unit, will be able to:
 Prepare Budget Schedule,

 Identify Pre-Production Activities
 Identify Effect Of Pre-Production

1.1Budget Schedule
A budget schedule refers to a plan or timetable that outlines the allocation of funds over a
specific period. It helps individuals, businesses, or organizations manage their finances by
setting targets and tracking income and expenses within a designated timeframe. A budget
schedule typically includes the following elements:
 Time Period: The budget schedule specifies the duration for which the budget is created,
such as monthly, quarterly, or annually.
 Income: This section outlines all the expected sources of income during the specified
period. It may include salaries, rental income, investments, sales revenue, or any other
inflows of money.
 Expenses: Here, all anticipated expenses are listed, categorized, and allocated amounts.
Common expense categories include rent/mortgage payments, utilities, transportation,
groceries, entertainment, debt payments, and savings.
 Budget Targets: Budget schedules often include specific financial goals or targets for
each category. These targets help guide spending decisions and ensure that expenses
align with income.
 Actual vs. Budgeted: As the budget period progresses, the schedule allows for the
tracking of actual income and expenses compared to the budgeted amounts. This helps
identify any deviations or variances and allows for adjustments to be made if necessary.
 Review and Analysis: Regular review and analysis of the budget schedule are crucial to
assess financial performance, identify areas of improvement, and make informed
decisions about future spending
1.1.1 Actual vs. Budgeted
The comparison between the actual financial results or performance and the budgeted or
planned figures. It is a way to assess how well the actual outcomes align with the initial
projections or targets set in a budget.
In the context of a budget schedule, tracking and analyzing the actual vs. budgeted figures
provide insights into the financial performance and helps in identifying any variances or
discrepancies. Here's how the comparison is typically done:
Income: Compare the actual income or revenue generated during the budget period with the
projected or budgeted income. This allows for an evaluation of whether the actual income
met or exceeded the expectations or fell short.

Expenses: Analyze the actual expenses incurred in various categories and compare them to
the budgeted amounts. This helps in identifying areas where expenses were higher or lower
than planned, highlighting potential areas for cost control or reallocation.
Variances: Calculate the differences or variances between the actual and budgeted figures
for both income and expenses. Positive variances occur when the actual amount exceeds the
budgeted amount, while negative variances indicate that the actual amount is lower than
planned.
Analysis: Investigate the reasons behind significant variances and assess their impact on
overall financial performance. Positive variances may indicate better-than-expected revenue
or cost savings, while negative variances may point to overspending or missed revenue
targets.
Adjustments: Based on the analysis of actual vs. budgeted figures, make necessary
adjustments to future budget plans or financial strategies. This could involve revising targets,
reallocating resources, or implementing corrective measures to address any issues identified
Pre-production is the stage of a film, television or commercial production that takes place
before filming begins. It is followed by production (during which visual content will be
filmed) and post-production (where the filmed visual content will be edited into a coherent
whole).Making mistakes during this phase of production can have a damaging effect on a
project. When it is undertaken effectively, it can help to lay the foundation for a successful
production. During pre-production will finalize r script, hire r cast and crew, scout locations,
find equipment and build a shooting schedule. It is therefore imperative that this essential
planning stage is well-managed. So let's take a look at the most important things need to
know about pre-production.
1.2Pre-Production Activities
Pre-production activities are the tasks and processes that take place before the actual
production or filming of a project begins. These activities are essential for proper planning,
organization, and preparation, ensuring a smooth and successful production process. Here are
some common pre-production activities:
Script Development: Pre-production starts with the development and refinement of the
script. This involves writing or revising the screenplay, creating dialogue, and ensuring the
story structure is compelling and coherent.
Storyboarding: Storyboarding is the process of creating visual representations of each scene
from the script. It helps in visualizing the shots, camera angles, and composition, aiding in
the overall planning and communication of the visual aspects of the project.
Budgeting: Establishing a budget is a crucial pre-production activity. It involves determining
the overall financial resources required for the project and allocating funds to different
aspects such as production design, equipment, locations, cast, crew, and post-production.
Scheduling: Creating a production schedule is essential for organizing the timing and
sequence of events during filming. It includes setting dates for pre-production tasks, shooting
days, location scouting, rehearsals, and any other necessary activities.
Casting: Pre-production involves casting actors for the project. This includes holding
auditions, reviewing portfolios, conducting casting calls, and selecting the appropriate cast
members for each role.
Location Scouting: Finding suitable locations for filming is a pre-production activity. This
involves researching and visiting potential locations, assessing their suitability, negotiating
permits, and securing the necessary permissions for filming.
Production Design: Pre-production allows for planning and designing the visual elements of
the project. This includes creating sets, designing costumes, props, and makeup, as well as
establishing the overall aesthetic of the production.
Crew Hiring: Identifying and hiring the necessary crew members is an important pre-
production task. This includes hiring a director, cinematographer, production designer,
production manager, assistant directors, and various other technical and creative personnel.
Equipment and Gear: Pre-production involves identifying and securing the required
equipment and gear for the production. This includes cameras, lighting equipment, sound
equipment, and any other technical tools needed for filming.
Permits and Legal Requirements: Pre-production activities include obtaining permits and
addressing any legal requirements necessary for filming in specific locations. This may
involve acquiring filming permits, insurance coverage, and ensuring compliance with local
regulations.
Production Meetings: Pre-production involves organizing meetings with the production
team, including the director, producers, department heads, and other key personnel. These
meetings allow for discussing the project's vision, goals, logistics, and coordination of efforts.
Rehearsals and Read-through: Pre-production provides an opportunity for cast members to
rehearse scenes, perform read-through of the script, and familiarize themselves with their
roles before actual filming begins.
These pre-production activities are essential for establishing a solid foundation for the

production process. They ensure that all necessary elements are in place and organized,
helping to streamline the production phase and increase the chances of a successful outcome.
1.2.2 Unit Production Manager
r Line Producer might also cover this role, but most productions will need a UPM to work
closely with the Line Producer when it comes to coordinating arrangements for cast and crew
housing and transportation, budget preparation, creating script breakdowns, building
preliminary shooting schedules, and negotiating releases for locations and personnel. The
UPM is likely to be camped out in the production office working on all of these things while
the Line Producer and First AD deal with other issues.
First AD: The First AD is directly responsible to the director and is in charge of the set. This
person will schedule all of the important things in relation to the production phase. The First
AD will figure out the duration of production and plan out each daily schedule, making sure
everything is running on time to avoid costly overruns. They deal in time management, and
will keep a tight schedule once shooting begins.
The First AD will be responsible for preparing day out of days (the tally of the number of
paid days for each cast member) and creating the daily call sheet (the schedule for each
shooting day). They will be the main point of communication on set and take care of staff and
shot security.
Director: Bringing r director on board in preproduction will help to get everything set for
shooting.
Department Heads: r crew will be made of various departments and each of these will have
a department head in charge. For preproduction, a casting director, costume designer and
production designer will be the key figures. The heads of the various departments will need to
meet regularly to ensure that everyone is on the same page and to make sure that plans and
schedules are adhered to.
1.3Effect Of Pre-Production
Effects Pre-production refers to the initial phase of a project or production process, which
takes place before the actual production or filming begins. It involves planning, preparation,
and coordination of various elements to ensure a smooth and successful production. The
effect of pre-production can be significant and can impact several aspects of the project. Here
are some key effects of pre-production:
Planning and Organization: Pre-production allows for detailed planning and organization of
all aspects of the production. This includes script development, storyboarding, creating shot

lists, scheduling, budgeting, casting, location scouting, and securing necessary permits and
permissions. The effectiveness of pre-production directly influences the efficiency and
smoothness of the subsequent production phase.
Cost Control: Proper pre-production planning helps in identifying and estimating the
required resources, equipment, and personnel for the project. This enables better cost control
by setting a realistic budget and preventing unexpected expenses during production. It also
allows for strategic decision-making regarding resource allocation and finding cost-effective
solutions.
Creative Direction: During pre-production, the creative vision for the project is developed
and refined. This includes determining the visual style, designing sets or environments,
planning costumes and props, and establishing the overall artistic direction. Pre-production
provides an opportunity to collaborate with key creative team members, such as directors,
cinematographers, and production designers, to align their visions and ensure a cohesive
approach to the project.
Risk Mitigation: Pre-production allows for identifying and mitigating potential risks and
challenges that may arise during production. This includes assessing technical requirements,
addressing logistical issues, anticipating weather conditions, and developing contingency
plans. By proactively addressing these factors, the likelihood of disruptions or delays during
production can be minimized.
Collaboration and Communication: Pre-production involves extensive collaboration and
communication among the project team members. This includes meetings, rehearsals, script
readings, and discussions to align everyone involved and ensure a shared understanding of
the project's goals and requirements. Clear communication during pre-production sets the
foundation for effective teamwork and smooth coordination throughout the production
process.
Time Efficiency: Adequate pre-production planning helps in optimizing the use of time
during the production phase. By having a well-structured schedule, identifying potential
bottlenecks, and streamlining workflows, pre-production reduces the likelihood of wasted
time or inefficiencies during filming.
1.3.1 The Final Touches in Preproduction

Storyboards and Shot Lists: Storyboarding r scenes helps to give everyone a sense of what
needs to be achieved on set. A shot list will give clear directions about what a scene will look
like, essentially providing with a to-do list for each day of shooting.

While storyboards give an outline of how the action from the script will look, shot lists
provide a very detailed view of how the scenes will be filmed. Breaking each scene down
into a succession of shots will help to dictate the shooting schedule. Some shots will require
only a static camera. Others will involve panning, tilting, zooming and tracking (and as soon
as a special grip is needed, more preparation time will be required for the shoot).
Discuss Shots With r Director and Editor: It's also worthwhile to talk to r editor about shot
lists if can, as they can give feedback on coverage that could be very useful in post-
production (and also ensuring that avoid expensive reshoots). Mapping these things out
logically will save time and help avoid delays when are in production.
The more elaborate the shot, the more difficult it will be to execute. This means that more
time will need to allocate for the shot to be completed. The length of a shot is also an
important determining factor for the shooting schedule
1.3.2 Principles of Effective Advertising
The main purpose of creating an advertisement is frequently lost in the vast advertising noise
we are exposed to nowadays. Careful preparation and organized coordination are needed to
elicit the appropriate response from the target clientele or general public. This may be done
by keeping in mind the fundamental guidelines provided below.
Visual Stability: A constant visual presentation in front of an audience or target
audience helps all participants retain information. It aids in transferring product-related
knowledge from people’s short-term to long-term memory. Additionally, it forges a bond
with the intended audience.
Campaign Timeline: Before the product is launched, at the very early stages of development,
the campaign’s duration must be determined.
Regular Taglines: The best strategy is this one. The taglines help to establish a relationship
between the buyer and the seller. For instance, McDonald’s has a tagline, ―I’m loving’ it.‖
Uniform Placement: It means positioning the goods while taking into account the escalating
competition. The good or service has to be promoted often. The emphasis should be on
exaggerating the quality rather than the cost. Lack of consistency may cause items to vanish
from both the market and people’s minds. Uncertainty in the messages communicated by
advertisements must be properly monitored. It could be clearer and give the buyer the right
idea.
Vividness: A simple advertisement is considerably simpler to understand than one that is
complicated. The straightforward, succinct message piques someone’s interest. The spectator

is misled and confused by an abundance of information. It is important to make an effort to
direct them to the product’s website, which can offer comprehensive information. More
speakers will talk more quickly and in less time as the material lengthens. Eventually turns
the viewer off.
Choose A Selling Point: This is also another crucial element of advertisements. Selling the
product from several points may need clarification.
Creating A Seamless Flow: The website must be pointed a viewer’s way. The emphasis
must be on drawing the viewer’s attention to the advertisement’s main elements. Because
users frequently recall the most recent item showed, systems like social media, email, etc.
More product-related details will be provided on the website, making it simple for customers
to contact us about their purchases.
Creative and Unique: Advertising ought to be creative and unique. This is done for legal as
well as effectiveness-related reasons. Campaigns should be creative, especially now
that online marketing is so prevalent. Target audiences pick up on copying or imitating an
advertisement extremely fast. Of course, some components, like comedy and emotions, are
always included in promotional materials. However, this will be swiftly put into perspective
if one fast-food establishment launches a campaign around a certain occasion and another
does the same a few weeks later. (The fast-food illustration was selected at random.)
Truthful: Legally and morally, advertising communications cannot include lies or
deceptions. Even withholding significant information is seen as deceptive in this situation.
Therefore, advertisers need to be aware that it is not just a philosophy but also a requirement
of the legal environment. However, marketers should consider if it makes sense to promote a
good that needs to lie to potential buyers to gain their business.
In the health sector or with goods and services that have the potential to cause addiction, the
truth principle becomes increasingly obvious. For instance, in the case of prescription drugs,
alcoholic beverages, or sports betting, there are inserted so-called disclaimers/safety cautions.
Media Impartiality: Many marketers base their marketing budget selections on the
platforms and networks they have the greatest experience, putting tools ahead of objectives –
this goes against the principle of media impartiality.
Advertising is fundamentally about targeting the right people, in the right location, at the
right moment.
For example, if’re attempting to raise brand recognition, the sponsored search will have far
less impact than display advertising, which may give far more reach for the same

expenditure.
Making objective media judgments and selecting the channels most appropriate for the work
at hand is central to the idea of media impartiality.
Customer-Friendly: For instance, if ’re a hardware firm targeting tradesmen, who spend
most of the day on the job, ’re very unlikely to contact them on social media sites
like LinkedIn or Interest and are more likely to succeed with out-of-home advertising or
digital audio. Before selecting how to target someone with any advertising, should start by
developing a deeper knowledge of who are targeting.
Cost: Prior to deciding on a cost, must ascertain the market worth. This requires in-
depth market research, sometimes referred to as market-oriented pricing. Knowing how
much r clients are ready to spend and how much r rivals are charging for similar goods is
critical
SELF CHECK- ONE

PARTI ONE TRUE OR FALSE
1. Pre-production activities are essential for planning and organizing a project before
filming begins.
2. Budgeting is a crucial pre-production activity that involves allocating financial
resources to different aspects of the project.
3. Location scouting is the process of finding suitable filming locations and securing
PART II CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER
1 Which of the following is NOT a common pre-production activity?
a) Script development
b) Budgeting
c) Casting
d) Post-production editing
2 What is the purpose of storyboarding in pre-production?
a) Creating visual representations of scenes
b) Managing the budget and expenses

c) Hiring crew members
d) Obtaining permits and legal requirements
3 What does the budget schedule in pre-production typically include?
a) Time period, income, expenses, and budget targets
b) Script development, casting, and location scouting
c) Equipment and gear, permits, and legal requirements
d) Production design, crew hiring, and scheduling
4 Why is location scouting an important pre-production activity?
a) It helps in visualizing shots and camera angles.
b) It determines the financial resources required for the project.
c) It involves hiring the appropriate cast members for each role.
d) It helps in finding suitable filming locations and securing necessary permissions.
PART III- SHORT ANSWER
1. Explain production activities?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
___________
2. Explain significance and activities for confirmation specification?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
___________
3. List the fundamental guidelines and principles provided for effective production
activities?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_______________________________

UNIT TWO: OVERSEE PRODUCTION PROCESSES
coverage and topics
 Production Schedule
 Progress Production
 Allocations Production Budget
 Apply Production Schedule

 Monitor Progress Production
 Allocations Production Budget
2.1 Production Schedule

A production schedule is a detailed plan that outlines the sequence of events and activities
during the production phase of a project. It serves as a roadmap for the entire production
team, providing a timeline for when specific tasks will be performed and when different
elements of the project will be filmed or created. The production schedule typically

includes the following information:
Shooting Days: The production schedule specifies the specific dates or range of dates when
filming will take place. It outlines the shooting days and helps the team organize their work
accordingly.
Scenes and Locations: The schedule breaks down the script into individual scenes and
specifies the corresponding shooting locations for each scene. This allows the team to plan
logistics, such as transportation between locations.
Call Times: Call times refer to the scheduled arrival times for cast and crew members at the
shooting location. The production schedule includes call times for each day of filming,
ensuring that everyone is aware of when they are expected to be on set.
Shot List: A shot list is a detailed breakdown of every shot or camera setup required for each
scene. The production schedule may include references to the shot list, helping the team plan
and execute the shots efficiently.
Cast and Crew: The production schedule indicates which cast members and crew members
are required for each day of filming. It ensures that the necessary personnel are available and
scheduled appropriately.
Equipment and Props: The schedule may also include information about the equipment and
props needed for each scene. This allows the team to plan and prepare the necessary
resources in advance.
Breaks and Meals: The production schedule includes designated break times and meal
breaks for the cast and crew. It ensures that everyone has scheduled downtime and proper
meals during long shooting days.
Contingency and Flexibility: The production schedule may incorporate buffer time or
contingency plans to account for unforeseen circumstances or delays during the production
process. This allows for flexibility and adjustments if needed.
The production schedule is a vital tool for ensuring that the production phase runs smoothly
and efficiently. It helps the team stay organized, manage time effectively, and ensure that all
essential elements of the project are captured according to the plan.
Development phase lays the foundation
Idea Generation and Conceptualization: Writers, directors, producers, and other creative
minds brainstorm and explore various themes, genres, and narratives. This is the stage where
the initial spark of creativity ignites, and potential stories are developed into more concrete
concepts.

Script writing and screenplay Development: Once a concept is selected, the scriptwriting
process begins. A screenwriter or a team of writers takes the concept and fleshes it out into a
screenplay. The screenplay serves as the blueprint for the film, outlining the dialogue,
actions, scenes, and structure. Revisions and iterations are common during this phase to
refine the script.
Market Research and Analysis: The viability of the film in the market is a crucial
consideration during development. Market research involves assessing the target audience,
analysing current industry trends, and evaluating the potential demand for the film. This step
aids in tailoring the project to match audience preferences and increasing its chances of
success.
Legal and Rights Clearance: Clearing rights for intellectual property, such as source
materials, music, and trademarks, is essential to avoid legal disputes during and after
production. Contracts are negotiated and agreements are made to ensure that the film's
creative team has the necessary rights to use all elements in the production.
Pitching and Presentation: As the development phase progresses, filmmakers pitch the
project to potential investors, production companies, distributors, and other stakeholders. A
well-prepared pitch includes elements like the script, concept art, budget estimates, and
market research findings. A compelling presentation can significantly impact the project's
ability to secure funding and support.
Financing: The goal of the financing phase is securing the necessary financial resources to
bring a film project to life. This phase bridges the gap between the creative development of a
film and its actual production, addressing the financial complexities and challenges inherent
in filmmaking. Successful financing ensures that all aspects of the production, from pre-
production to post-production, are adequately funded, enabling filmmakers to realize their
artistic vision and deliver a polished final product.
Packaging: During the development or in the financing phase, discussions about casting and
potential talent attachments take place. Directors and producers consider actors, actresses,
and crew members who could bring the characters to life and enhance the film's appeal.
Negotiations and agreements with key talent are often solidified before moving into pre-
production. Usually, the talent that is discussed here, is considered to as ―Above-the-Line‖
(ATL). Depending on the status and fame of r lead actors, the director, the writer or the
producer, the costs can vary tremendously. That’s why many standard budgets separate the
costs into ―Above-the-Line‖ and ―Below-the-Line‖ (BTL) costs.

Budgeting and Cost Estimation: Producers, often in collaboration with line producers and
production accountants, estimate the costs associated with various elements of the film. This
includes pre-production expenses (such as location scouting, casting, and set design),
production costs (such as crew salaries, equipment rental, and filming permits), and post-
production costs (including editing, visual effects, and sound design). As stated above, most
budgets for feature films or shows are divided into ATL and BTL costs.
Cash flow Planning: With a budget know the costs and with a financing plan, know who is
providing with what money at what time (or triggered by which circumstances, e.g. rough cut
approval). Laying both curves on top of each other provides with an overview of r potential
cash flow. Sources of Money: Securing funds for film production involves tapping into
various sources. These may include:
Production Companies and Studios: Established production companies and major studios
often provide a significant portion of the funding for larger film projects.
Investors and Financiers: Private investors, venture capitalists, and financiers invest capital
into film projects in exchange for potential returns from the film's profits.
Pre-Sales and Distribution Deals: Filmmakers may secure funding by pre-selling
distribution rights to different territories, effectively securing financial commitments from
distributors before the film is completed.
Crowd funding: Independent filmmakers sometimes turn to crowd funding platforms to raise
funds from a large number of contributors.
Government Grants and Subsidies: Some governments offer grants, tax incentives, and
subsidies to attract filmmakers and promote the local film industry.
Product Placement and Sponsorship: Brands and companies may invest in a film in
exchange for product placement or promotional tie-ins.
Gap Financing: If create r financing plans, some small portion of a budget might still be
missing. Whatever partner or even bank can convince to cover these last little percentages,
will provide with a scaled gap financing. If this instrument is used, it usually means ―small
amounts of money for really terrible conditions‖. But still, it closes the ―gap‖.
Investor Relations and Legal Agreements: When seeking investment, filmmakers negotiate
agreements with investors that outline the terms of the investment, the potential returns, and
the investor's involvement in the project. Legal contracts, such as investment agreements and
profit-sharing agreements, are essential to protect both parties' interests and ensure
transparency.

Waterfall: The potential return calculation for all producers and investors involved in a
production is called a ―waterfall‖. What sounds easy can actually become quite complicated.
Usually, producers have to assume several different constellations of financing and thus
participations in potential revenues. In addition, a producer needs to assume several scenarios
of revenue from box office, royalties, foreign sales and so many sources - all with an
unpredictable outcome. All this makes waterfall calculations a true science of its own.
Completion Bonds and Insurance: Completion bonds are financial instruments used to
ensure that a film project is completed according to the agreed-upon budget and schedule.
They provide a safety net for investors by covering cost overruns or production delays.
Insurance policies, including production insurance and liability insurance, help mitigate risks
associated with unforeseen events during production.
Foreign Co-Productions: Co-productions involving multiple countries can provide access to
additional funding sources and distribution networks in international film financing. These
collaborations often have specific regulations and agreements that vary based on the countries
involved.
Financial Management and Tracking: Effective financial management systems are crucial
during the financing phase. Production accountants monitor expenditures, track budget
allocations, and provide financial reports to ensure the project remains within budgetary
constraints.
Securing Bank Loans and Credit Lines: In some cases, filmmakers may secure loans from
banks or financial institutions to cover production costs. These loans are often collateralized
by the film's assets, such as distribution rights or the film's negative
2.2 Progress production
Production that is currently in progress or underway. It indicates that the production is
actively being executed, and various activities and tasks are being carried out to bring the
project to completion. Ongoing production typically involves the filming or creation of visual
content, such as a film, television show, or commercial.
During ongoing production, the production team is actively engaged in the execution of
the project. This includes tasks such as:
Filming: If it's a film or television production, the ongoing production phase involves
capturing the required footage and scenes according to the script. This may involve working
with actors, setting up camera shots, and coordinating various technical aspects of the
production.

Post-production coordination: In parallel with filming, ongoing production may also
involve coordinating post-production activities. This includes tasks such as editing the filmed
content, adding visual effects, sound design, music composition, and other post-production
processes.
Managing logistics: Throughout ongoing production, the production team manages various
logistical aspects. This can include coordinating schedules for cast and crew, ensuring the
availability of necessary equipment, managing locations, and handling any production-related
paperwork or permits.
Continuity and quality control: Ongoing production also involves maintaining continuity
and ensuring the overall quality of the project. This includes tracking and managing
consistency in performances, visuals, and sound, as well as addressing any issues or
challenges that may arise during filming.
Collaboration and communication: Effective collaboration and communication among the
production team members are crucial during ongoing production. This involves regular
coordination, feedback sessions, and updates to ensure that everyone is aligned and working
towards the common goal of completing the project successfully.
2.3 Allocations Production Budget
Advertising Budget Basis
The advertising budget of a company is based on the following factors:
 Type of advertising campaign that it intends to run
 Selection of target audience
 Type of advertising media Company’s objective of advertising
Process of Creating Advertising Budget
The following steps are followed to set up this budget –
 Setting advertising goals based on the company’s objectives.
 Determine the activities that are required to be done.
 Preparing the components of the advertising budget;
 Getting the budget approved by management;
 Allocation of funds for activities proposed under the advertisement plan;
 Periodically monitoring the expenses being incurred during the advertising process;
Advertising Budget Methods: The most common methods are discussed as follows:
Percentage of Sales: Under this method, the advertising budget is set as a percentage of
either the past sale or expected future sales. Small businesses usually use this method.

Competitive Parity: This method advocates that a company sets an advertising budget
similar to the one set up by its competitor to yield similar results.
Objective and Task: This method is based on the advertising objectives of this method.
Once the objectives are decided, the cost is estimated to complete those objectives, and
accordingly, a marketing budget is set.
Market Share: In this method, the advertising budget is based on a company’s market share.
For a higher market share, less marketing budget is set.
All available Funds: This is a very aggressive method under which all available profits are
allocated towards advertising activities. This method can be used by start-up businesses that
need advertisements to attract customers.
Unit Sales: Under this method, the advertisement cost per article is calculated and based on
the total number of articles, it is set.
Affordable: As the name suggests, the company sets its budget based on how much it can
afford.
Factors Affecting Advertising Budget
Existing Market Share: A company with a lower market share will be required to spend
more on its promotional activities. On the other hand, companies with larger market shares
can spend less on their promotional activities.
The competition level in the industry: If there is a high competition level in the industry in
which the company operates, the advertising budget would be required to be set on a higher
side to get noticed by audiences. In case a monopoly exists or where there is the least level of
competition involved, the company will need to invest less in marketing.
Stage of the Product Life Cycle: It is a well-known fact that in the initial introduction and
growth stages of a product or service, more amounts would be required for advertising. While
in the later stages of the product life cycle, the need for advertising will decline.
Decided frequency of Advertisement: The advertising budget will also depend on how
frequently a company wants to run its ads. Frequent ads will call for a greater budget.
Strategies identifying progress.
Social Media Marketing: One can start by making profiles of the businesses on social media
platforms like Face book and Instagram, which can help reach out to larger audiences cost-
effectively.
Referral Benefits: In this strategy, ask r customers to refer r business pages to their friends
and family. This way, r customers do the marketing for. Provide referral benefits and points

when such referrals are buying the products.
Content Marketing: Start a blog and update interesting content that attracts r audiences. This
strategy, combined with other strategies, will benefit the business.
Email Marketing: This strategy will depend on r database’s strength and relevance.
Pay per click ad: In this strategy, pay per ad run on social media platforms. Based on r
selected target audience, the ad is run and reaches the audience
Advertising appeals refers to the approach used to attract the attention of customers or to
influence their feelings towards a brand, product or service. It is the central idea of an
advertisement and speaks to an individual’s need, wants or interest and entice her to take the
desired action which generally is ―Buy me‖. Top 10 advertising appeals that really work.
1. Emotional appeals: Emotional appeals relate to the consumers social or physiological
needs for purchasing a product or a service. Many consumers’ purchase decisions are
emotional and are made on what they feel about a particular brand more than its features.
They are designed to make an audience associate positive feelings with r brand. These
appeals generally focus on trust, joy, love, loyalty and happiness, which can leverage through
the use of powerful music and imagery. Examples – Jewellery ads, Ariel share the load ads
2. Sexual Appeals: Sex appeals relate to a person’s natural desire to experience romance and
appeal to others romantically. The goal of this appeal is to make people feel like they will be
more attractive, more desirable, and more likely to get the person of their dreams if they use a
certain product or take certain action .Sex appeals capture attention, but seldom promote
product consumption. Although history has shown that sex does indeed sell or at least gets
attention. Examples – Fragrance product ads, condom ads
3. Humour Appeals: Who doesn’t like something that’s funny? Humour appeals make
consumers laugh and create an emotional link with the product. It is a proven appeal type for
grabbing attention. When consumers find something humorous, it has value because is causes
them to watch, laugh and, most importantly, remember. By capturing the viewer's
attention, humour appeals cut through advertising clutter and allow for enhanced recall and
improved moods of the viewers..
4. Musical Appeals: Like humour, music is a great way for brands to get noticed and make
an audience remember their products. In addition, musical appeals can bring up positive
memories whenever someone hears a catchy tune in an ad, which goes a long way toward
making them feel good about the product being presented. The use of musical appeals allows
for a connection between the product or service and a catchy jingle or piece of music.

5. Rational appeals: Rational appeals use logic, facts, and data to convince consumers to
buy products, and are often found in advertisements for medications, cookware, and cleaning
products. They focus on the consumer’s practical, functional need and utility for the product
or service. It emphasizes on either product features or its functional benefits or its problem
removal or problem avoidance attribute. Examples – mobile phone ads showing features,
detergent ad showing superior stain removal property.
6. Fear Appeals: Fear appeals focus on the negative outcomes that can happen because of an
action or inaction. Another fear tactic involves isolation. People will purchase a product to
avoid isolation from others because of bad hygiene for example in the case of toothpastes and
Deodorants. Fear appeals fit particularly well with certain types of goods and services,
particularly those products that can eliminate threats or provide a sense of personal security.
7. Scarcity appeals: Scarcity appeals tap into people’s fear of missing out, so they’re a great
way to convince people to take advantage of a sale or a limited-edition product. However,
make sure that scarcity actually applies to what ’re selling and sale is indeed a sale and is not
a permanent offer. Examples – Toothbrush Free with Toothpaste ads, ads giving gifts or
lucky coupons.
8. Bandwagon appeals: Bandwagon appeals, also known as FOMO appeals (Fear of missing
out appeals), make consumers believe that they are missing out by addressing the consumer’s
need to belong.
9. Favourable Price appeals: Favourable price appeals make price as the dominant point of
the message.
10. Competitive advantage appeals: Competitive advantage appeals make either a direct or
indirect comparison to another brand and usually claim superiority on one or more attributes.
This is also known as comparative advertising. Examples – Detergent ads showing a
particular product cleaning a cloth better than competition product, health drink ads showing
more or higher nutrients than the competition product.
Finally, certain appeals will only work for certain products – so remember what r brand
stands for and whether the strategy truly fits r brand’s characteristics.

SELF-CHECK -TWO
PART ONE TRUE OR FALSE
1. Ongoing production involves the filming or creation of visual content.
2. Post-production activities are not part of ongoing production.
3. Managing logistics is not necessary during ongoing production
4. Ongoing production refers to a phase where the project is completed and ready for
distribution
PART II -CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER
1 Which of the following is not typically included in a production schedule?
a) Shooting days
b) Call times
c) Budget estimation
d) Scenes and locations
3 What is the purpose of a shot list in the production schedule?
a) To estimate the budget for each shot
b) To schedule the shooting days
c) To outline the sequence of events during production
d) To specify the required camera setups for each scene
3 What is one of the sources of funding for film production?
a) Pre-sales and distribution deals
b) Government grants for post-production
c) Personal savings of the director
d) Product placement in the film
4 What is the purpose of completion bonds in film financing?
a) To secure bank loans for production costs
b) To ensure the project remains within budgetary constraints
c) To provide insurance coverage for the production crew
d) To cover cost overruns or production delays
PART III- GIVE SHORT ANSWER
1. Explain the film production process or phases?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________
2. List and explain the top 10 advertising appeals that really work?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
___________________
UNIT THREE: MONITOR POST-PRODUCTION

coverage and topics
 Confirming Budget
 Post-Production Activities
 Confirm Budget
 Evaluate Post-Production Activities

3.1Confirming Budget
Confirming the budget is an important step in the production process to ensure that the
allocated funds align with the project's requirements and financial plan. It involves reviewing
and finalizing the budget estimates, considering any changes or adjustments that may have
occurred during the development phase or pre-production stage. Production team typically
performs the following tasks:
Reviewing Budget Estimates: The existing budget estimates are thoroughly examined to
verify their accuracy and completeness. This includes assessing both above-the-line (ATL)
and below-the-line (BTL) costs, such as talent fees, production expenses, post-production
costs, marketing and distribution expenses, and contingency funds.
Assessing Production Requirements: The production team evaluates the script, production
schedule, and other relevant documents to ensure that all necessary resources, locations,
equipment, and personnel have been accounted for in the budget. Any additional or
unforeseen production requirements are identified and their associated costs are estimated.
Collaborating with Line Producers and Production Accountants: Line producers and
production accountants play a crucial role in confirming the budget. They provide expertise
in financial management and help review the budget estimates, identify potential cost-saving
measures, and ensure the budget aligns with industry standards and best practices.
Adjusting the Budget: If discrepancies or changes are identified during the review process,
adjustments are made to the budget accordingly. This may involve reallocating funds,
revising cost estimates, or seeking additional funding if necessary. The goal is to ensure that
the budget accurately reflects the project's needs and financial constraints.
Seeking Approvals: Once the budget has been reviewed and adjusted, it may require
approval from key stakeholders, such as producers, investors, or financing entities. This step
ensures that all parties are aligned and supportive of the final budget before proceeding with
production.
Documenting the Final Budget: The confirmed budget is documented and shared with
relevant team members and stakeholders. This serves as a reference point throughout the
production phase and helps track expenses, manage cash flow, and maintain financial
accountability.
Confirming the budget is essential for effective financial management during production. It
helps establish financial boundaries, ensures that resources are allocated appropriately, and

provides a solid foundation for the successful execution of the project
The postproduction phase marks the final step in producing the actual film. It involves a wide
range of activities, from editing and visual effects to sound design and colour correction, that
transform raw footage into a polished and engaging film ready for distribution.
Postproduction plays a crucial role in refining the narrative, enhancing visuals and audio, and
ensuring that the director's vision is fully realized.
3.1.1 Confirming the budget in the production process
Budget Revisions: During the budget confirmation process, it is common to revise and fine-
tune the budget based on various factors. This can include negotiations with talent or vendors
to secure better pricing, finding cost-saving solutions without compromising the overall
quality of the production, or adjusting for any changes in the scope of the project.
Contingency Funds: It is important to include contingency funds in the budget to account for
unexpected expenses or unforeseen challenges that may arise during production. These funds
act as a buffer and provide flexibility to address any contingencies without disrupting the
production schedule or compromising the project's quality.
Budget Tracking: Once the budget is confirmed, it is crucial to establish a system for
tracking expenses throughout the production. This can be done using specialized budgeting
software or tools that help monitor costs, compare actual expenditures against estimated
costs, and provide real-time financial reports. Regular budget reviews and updates are
conducted to ensure that the production stays on track financially.
Cost Controls: Effective cost control measures are implemented to manage the budget
during production. This may involve closely monitoring expenses, seeking competitive bids
for equipment and services, negotiating favourable deals, and making strategic decisions to
optimize resource allocation. The production team works closely with line producers and
production accountants to identify areas where cost savings can be achieved without
compromising the creative vision.
Budget Communication: Clear communication of the confirmed budget is vital for all
parties involved in the production. This includes informing the key stakeholders, such as
producers, investors, and department heads, about the final budget and any revisions that may
have been made. Transparent communication helps manage expectations and ensures
everyone understands the financial parameters within which the production operates.
Financial Reporting: Throughout the production process, financial reports are generated to
provide a snapshot of the budget's status. These reports outline the actual expenses incurred,

compare them to the estimated costs, and highlight any significant deviations. Financial
reporting enables the production team to identify trends, address potential budget overages or
shortfalls, and make informed decisions to keep the production financially viable.
3.2Post-production activities
Post-production activities refer to the tasks and processes that take place after the principal
photography or filming of a project is complete. These activities are essential for shaping the
final product and include editing, visual effects, sound design, color grading, and more. Here
are some common post-production activities:
Video Editing: This is the process of selecting and arranging the filmed footage to create the
desired narrative or story. Video editors work with the director or producers to assemble the
shots, trim unnecessary content, add transitions, and create a cohesive structure. They also
incorporate visual effects, graphics, and titles into the final edit.
Sound Design and Editing: Sound designers and editors work on enhancing the audio
elements of the project. They clean up and enhance recorded audio, add sound effects, create
Foley sounds (such as footsteps or object interactions), and design the overall soundscapes to
create a rich and immersive audio experience.
Music Composition and Score: Composers or music supervisors collaborate with the
director or producers to create an original score or select suitable music tracks for the project.
The music enhances the emotional impact, sets the tone, and supports the storytelling.
Visual Effects (VFX): Visual effects artists use computer-generated imagery (CGI) and
other techniques to create or enhance visual elements that cannot be achieved during
production. This includes adding digital environments, creatures, explosions, or other
fantastical or realistic elements. VFX artists integrate these effects seamlessly into the
footage.
Color Grading: Color grading involves adjusting the colors, contrast, and overall look of the
footage to achieve a specific visual style or mood. Colorists work to enhance the visual
aesthetics, create consistency across shots, and establish the desired tone for different scenes
or sequences.
Title and Graphics Design: Graphic designers create and integrate titles, credits, and other
textual or graphical elements into the final product. This includes designing opening and
closing credits, lower thirds, subtitles, and any other on-screen text or visual information.
Quality Control and Final Delivery: The post-production team conducts thorough quality

checks to ensure the final product meets technical specifications, adheres to industry
standards, and is free of errors or glitches. Once approved, the project is prepared for
distribution in the desired formats (theatrical, broadcast, online streaming, etc.) and delivered
to the appropriate channels or platforms.
Editing and Assembly: Editing is the core of postproduction. Editors work with the director
to assemble the footage into a coherent sequence that adheres to the script and maintains the
desired pacing. The editorial team selects the best takes, arranges scenes, and creates a rough
cut for review.
Music Composition and Score: Composers create original music scores that complement
the emotional tone of the film. The music enhances dramatic moments, underscores themes,
and contributes to the overall cinematic experience. The score is integrated into the film's
sound design during postproduction.
ADRand Dialogue Editing: Automatic Dialogue Replacement or Additional Dialogue
Recording (ADR) is used to rerecord dialogue in cases where the original recording is unclear
or needs improvement. Dialogue editors ensure that the speech is synchronized, clear, and
consistent with the performances.
Colour Grading and Correction: Colourists adjust the colour and tone of individual shots
or scenes to create visual coherence and enhance the mood of the film. This process, known
as colour grading, helps establish the film's visual aesthetics and contributes to its
storytelling.
Digital Intermediate (DI): The digital intermediate process involves transferring the edited
film to a digital format. This allows for greater control over colour, contrast, and other visual
elements during colour grading.
Quality Control and Feedback: The director and key stakeholders review the edited film
and provide feedback. Additional editing passes may be done to address any concerns or
suggestions.
Finalizing Output: Different versions of the film are created for various distribution
platforms, such as theatres, television, streaming services, and physical media. Each version
is optimized for the specific technical requirements of the platform.
Legal and Licensing: During postproduction, legal clearances for music, intellectual
property, and other copyrighted materials are finalized to ensure that the film can be
distributed without legal issues.
Post-production is a crucial phase where the raw footage is transformed into a polished,

cohesive, and audience-ready product. It involves collaboration between various specialists,
including editors, sound designers, VFX artists, colourists, and more, to bring the creative
vision to life and deliver a high-quality final product

SELF-CHECK UNIT THREE
PART I TRUE OR FALSE
1. Confirming the budget in the production process involves reviewing and finalizing the
budget estimates, assessing production requirements, and collaborating with line
producers and production accountants to ensure alignment with the financial plan.
2. Post-production activities include tasks such as video editing, sound design, colour
grading, and visual effects, which transform raw footage into a polished and engaging
final product.
3. Budget tracking during production involves regularly reviewing expenses, comparing
actual expenditures against estimated costs, and making adjustments as required to
keep the production financially viable.
4. Music composition and score are part of the post-production phase, where composers
work with the director or producers to create an original musical soundtrack that
enhances the emotional impact of the film.
PART II MULTIPLE CHOICE
1 Which of the following is NOT a common post-production activity?
a) Sound design and editing

b) Budget confirmation
c) Visual effects (VFX)
d) Colour grading
2 What is the purpose of confirming the budget in the production process?
a) To ensure that allocated funds align with the project's requirements and financial plan
b) To determine the shooting schedule and locations
c) To negotiate talent fees and production expenses
d) To finalize the script and production design
3What is the primary role of video editors in post-production?
a) Creating an original musical score
b) Adjusting the colours and contrast of the footage
c) Selecting and arranging the filmed footage to create a cohesive narrative
d) Adding visual effects and CGI elements
4 What is the purpose of colour grading in post-production?
a) Adjusting the colours and contrast of the footage

b) Adding sound effects and creating sounds capes
c) Creating opening and closing credits
d) Designing visual effects and CGI element
PART III GIVE SHORT ANSWER
1. List post Production phases in producing the actual film?

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_________
2. Write Some Common Post-Production Activities?

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_________

UNIT FOUR: - PRODUCE MONITORING REPORTS
coverage and topics-
 Progress Reports
 Monitoring Reports
 Progress Reports
 Monitor Reports
4.1 Progress Reports

Progress reports are documents or updates that provide information on the status,
achievements, and challenges of a project. They serve as a means of communication between
team members, stakeholders, and project managers to keep everyone informed about the
project's progress. Progress reports typically include the following elements:
Project Summary: brief overview of the project, including its objectives, scope, and
timeline.
Progress Overview: A summary of the progress made during the reporting period,
highlighting key accomplishments and milestones achieved.
Work Completed: A detailed description of the tasks or activities that have been completed
since the last progress report.
Work in Progress: An outline of the tasks currently being worked on, along with their status
and estimated completion dates.
Issues and Challenges: Identification and discussion of any obstacles, problems, or risks that
have arisen during the project and their impact on progress.
Next Steps: A plan or roadmap for the upcoming activities, outlining the tasks to be
completed and their timelines.
Resource Allocation: An overview of the resources, such as personnel, equipment, or
funding, allocated to the project and their utilization.

Metrics and Performance: Measurement of project performance against predefined metrics,
including key performance indicators (KPIs) and targets.
Recommendations: Suggestions or recommendations for addressing challenges, improving
productivity, or enhancing the project's success.
Appendices: Supporting documents, such as charts, graphs, or additional data that provide
further context or evidence of progress.
Establish r Reporting Frequency Expectations Up Front: It’s important to set the pace for
reporting. Heck, it’s even a good idea to set frequency up in r contracts, which can set that
pace and protect from scope creep in the future.
Whether it’s utilizing weekly reporting or monthly reporting, need to set the expectation up
front for the clients so they know what’s coming and when it’s coming. More than that,
however, is r ability to deliver..
Here are the three bare minimum frequencies recommend for optimal client happiness:
 Weekly reporting for activity reports
 Monthly reporting for result reports
 Quarterly reporting meetings for ROI reports
Consolidate All of r Reporting into One, easily accessible Place: Once determine r frequency, it’s
going to be important to have a singular hub for r clients to access them from. There’s no
point to doing reporting if it’s not easily accessed by everyone. Too often, agencies send
hundreds of emails with individualized reports. If a client isn’t pulling these reports out of the
emails and saving them in an organized manner, which let’s be honest—they’re most likely
not, they aren’t going to be able to easily go back through and review everything when they
need to. We keep a consolidated, single Google Slides Folder with all of the reports for our
clients. This helps keep it in one place and helps us work within our processes.
Keep r Reports Simple and to the Point: There’s nothing clients hate more than reports filled with
jargonish nonsense. When’re creating r reports, keep them simple and to the point.
Also need to focus on the metrics that matter for r reports. Pick one metric, really dig into it,
discuss it and talk about why we want to see that metric increase. Here are a few examples of
metrics to focus on:
 Visit-to-lead conversion rate
 Lead-to-customer conversion rate
 Reports on specific Campaigns
Tie r Reports to ROI: have to ask rself at every level of reporting, ―What do our agency’s

activities mean for the ROI?‖ If can’t demonstrate ROI, and demonstrate it clearly, ’re going
to have a really hard time keeping retainers. This is also a conversation ’re not going to knock
out of the park in one interaction. If ’re planning on strolling in on one year-end meeting to
tackle ROI with a client, ’re not going to have the time or history to win the battle. have to be
talking about the ROI along the way and as ’re reporting every step of the way. By bringing
ROI up in the little conversations, ’ll be able to better demonstrate it and win that battle in the
really big conversations.
4.2 Monitoring reports
Monitoring reports are documents that provide updates on the ongoing monitoring and
evaluation activities of a project or program. These reports focus on measuring and assessing
the performance, progress, and impact of the project against predetermined indicators and
targets. Monitoring reports typically include the following components:
Introduction: A brief overview of the project or program being monitored, including its
goals, objectives, and scope.
 Monitoring Framework: An outline of the monitoring framework used, including the
indicators, targets, and data collection methods employed to assess progress and
performance.
 Data Collection and Analysis: A description of the data collection methods, tools, and
sources utilized to gather relevant information. This may include surveys, interviews,
site visits, or data analysis from existing systems.
 Key Findings: Presentation of the main findings and results from the monitoring
activities. This includes an analysis of the data collected against the established
indicators and targets.
 Progress Assessment: An evaluation of the project's progress towards its goals and
objectives based on the monitoring findings. This may include an assessment of
achievements, challenges, and areas requiring improvement.
 Recommendations: Suggestions or recommendations for addressing any identified
gaps, challenges, or areas of improvement. These recommendations may guide
decision-making and help refine project strategies and interventions.
 Lessons Learned: Reflection on the lessons learned from the monitoring process,
including successes, failures, and best practices that can inform future projects or
program implementation.
 Conclusion: A concise summary of the main points discussed in the monitoring
report, emphasizing the overall progress and performance of the project.
Monitoring reports provide valuable insights into the effectiveness and efficiency of project
implementation. They help project managers, stakeholders, and funding agencies assess the
project's performance, identify areas for improvement, and make informed decisions to
ensure project success. Monitoring reports are typically prepared and shared periodically
throughout the project's lifecycle, depending on the monitoring frequency and reporting
requirements outlined in the project plan or monitoring framework.
Monitoring reports play a crucial role in project management and evaluation. :
Purpose of Monitoring Reports:
Monitoring reports are designed to provide a comprehensive view of the project's progress,
performance, and impact. They help project managers and stakeholders track the
implementation of activities, identify any deviations from the planned course, and assess the
effectiveness of project interventions. Monitoring reports also serve as a basis for decision-
making, resource allocation, and accountability.
Indicators and Targets:
Monitoring reports rely on predetermined indicators and targets to assess project progress and
performance. Indicators are measurable parameters that reflect specific aspects of the project,
such as the number of beneficiaries reached, the quality of outputs, or changes in behavior.
Targets are the desired levels or benchmarks set for each indicator. Monitoring reports
analyze the data collected against these indicators and targets to evaluate project
achievements.
Data Collection Methods:
Monitoring reports involve the collection of relevant data through various methods. These
may include surveys, interviews, focus group discussions, observations, document reviews,
or data analysis from existing systems. Depending on the nature of the project and available
resources, qualitative and quantitative data may be collected to provide a comprehensive
understanding of project performance.
Data Analysis and Reporting:
After data collection, monitoring reports analyze the collected information to derive
meaningful insights. This analysis involves comparing actual data against the predetermined
indicators and targets, identifying trends and patterns, and drawing conclusions about project
performance. The findings are presented in the monitoring report, often accompanied by
visual representations such as graphs, charts, or tables, to enhance understanding.

Continuous Improvement:
Monitoring reports not only provide a snapshot of the project's progress but also offer
opportunities for learning and continuous improvement. By identifying challenges, gaps, and
areas for improvement, monitoring reports enable project managers and stakeholders to take
corrective actions, adjust strategies, and refine project interventions. Lessons learned from
monitoring reports can inform future projects or program design and implementation.
Stakeholder Engagement:
Monitoring reports are valuable tools for engaging stakeholders and fostering transparency
and accountability. They facilitate communication between project managers, funders,
beneficiaries, and other relevant parties. Stakeholders can review the progress, performance,
and impact of the project through monitoring reports, enabling them to provide feedback,
make informed decisions, and ensure effective project governance.
Monitoring reports are an integral part of the monitoring and evaluation process, providing
critical information for project management, decision-making, and learning. They contribute
to the overall success and impact of projects by facilitating data-driven decision-making and
promoting continuous improvement.

SELF CHEKE -FOUR
PART I TRUE OR FALSE
1. Monitoring reports are prepared at the end of a project to summarize its overall
performance.
2. Monitoring reports primarily focus on qualitative data and do not involve quantitative
analysis.
3. The purpose of monitoring reports is to assess the impact of a project on the target
population.
4. Monitoring reports are only shared with internal stakeholders and not with external
parties.
PART II CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER

1 What is the purpose of progress reports in project management?
a) To document the initial project plan
b) To request additional funding
c) To communicate project status and achievements
d) To evaluate team performance
2 Who are the primary recipients of progress reports?
a) Project managers only
b) Team members only
c) Project stakeholders and team members
d) External clients or customers
3 What information is typically included in a progress report?
a) Detailed technical specifications
b) Budget and financial statements
c) Project milestones and deliverables
d) Marketing and sales strategies
4 How often are progress reports usually prepared and distributed?
a) Once at the beginning of the project
b) On a weekly basis
c) At the end of each project phase
d) As needed or according to a predetermined schedule

PART III GIVE SHORT ANSWER
1. What are some key components of a monitoring framework?
2. How do monitoring reports help in ensuring project accountability?
3. What are some potential challenges in collecting and analyzing data for monitoring
reports?

Reference
Marketing Channels A Management View by Bert Rosenbloom
Distribution Channels Understanding and Managing Channels to Market by Julian Dent and
Peter White
Marketing Logistics by Malcolm Saunders and Philip Croucher
Sales Force Management Leadership, Innovation, Technology" by Mark W. Johnston and

Greg W. Marshall
Strategic Channel Management A Comprehensive Guide for Building Successful Distribution

Channels by Julian Dent

Developer’s Profile
No Name Qualification Region College Mobile E-mail

number
1 TADDESE BUSINESS A.A Lideta 0922934005 tadde.t21@gmail.com
TESFAYE GUTA ADMINISTRATION(MBA) Manufacturing
College
2 ENDALE MESFIN Marketing and Sales A.A Addis Ketema 0912054592 endalemesfin27@gmail.com
BERHE Management (BA) Industrial
Marketing Management College
(MA)
3 ADDISALEM BUSINESS A.A Lideta 0920522464 alemaddis821@gmail.com
MINUWEYELET ADMINISTRATION(MBA) Manufacturing
MEKONNEN College
4 ADMASIE Marketing Management AA Misrak Poly 0912 47 88 admasiemamuye@yahoo.com
MAMUYE (BA) Technic 49
& MBA in General College
Management
5 WUBISHETABERA MBA AA Yeka 0916739378 toursajora@gmail.com
GICHAMO Industrial
College
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 plan Oversee pre-production

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 Prepare Budget Schedule,

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1.3.1 The Final Touches in Preproduction

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SELF CHECK- ONE

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 Apply Production Schedule

2.1 Production Schedule

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UNIT THREE: MONITOR POST-PRODUCTION

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PART II MULTIPLE CHOICE

1 Which of the following is NOT a common post-production activity?

a) Sound design and editing

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1. List post Production phases in producing the actual film?

2. Write Some Common Post-Production Activities?

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4.1 Progress Reports

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PART II CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER

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Marketing Channels A Management View by Bert Rosenbloom

Marketing Logistics by Malcolm Saunders and Philip Croucher

Sales Force Management Leadership, Innovation, Technology" by Mark W. Johnston and

Strategic Channel Management A Comprehensive Guide for Building Successful Distribution

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No Name Qualification Region College Mobile E-mail

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