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TP Weir
TP Weir
TP Weir
TP : WEIRS
liste of figures
Figure 1: Rectangular weir ..................................................................................................... 3
Introduction
The weir is an element very frequently used in the field of hydraulics, which conveys
water courses or water basins. This alternative to the practical work will allow us to visualize
the generalities of the weir and its usefulness, that is why our group is going to evoke more in
details on the subject below.
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2. Theory
Water flow can be influenced by the following main criteria:
• The geometry of the weir in the direction of flow : thin wall, thick wall, overflow crest
geometry.
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•
Figure 1:
Rectangular weir
For a rectangular shape, the flow through it is represented by the following formula.
2 3
𝑄𝑟𝑒𝑐 = ⋅ 𝐶𝑑1 ⋅ 𝐿 ⋅ √(2. 𝑔. 𝐻2 )
3
- Triangular weir :
Water flow and height above the weir are related as shown in the following formula.
8 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 5
𝑄𝑡𝑟𝑖 = ⋅ 𝐶𝑑2 ⋅ ⋅ √2𝑔 ⋅ 𝐻2
15 2
- Trapezoidal weir :
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To calculate the flow rate through this type of weir, the load of the rectangular shape
and the two triangular shapes can be calculated, then the total flow rate will be the sum of the
latter :
2 3 8 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 5
𝑄 ⋅ 𝐶𝑑1 ⋅ 𝐿 ⋅ √2𝑔 ⋅ 𝐻2 + ⋅ 𝐶𝑑2 ⋅ ⋅ √2𝑔 ⋅ 𝐻2
3 15 2
- Narrow-crested weirs : When the value of twice the width of the crest is less than the
height of water above the crest, the weir is said to be a narrow-crested weir. However,
the narrow crested weir is hydraulically similar to a rectangular weir, so the flow
formula is the same.
2 3
𝑄 ⋅ 𝐶𝑑1 ⋅ 𝐿 ⋅ √2𝑔 ⋅ 𝐻2
3
Cd = Coefficient of discharge
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- Broad-crested weirs : when twice the width of the crest is greater than the height of
water above the crest, it is said to be a wide crested weir. The flow formula is as follows
Cd = Coefficient of discharge
- Sharp-crested weirs : It is a weir with a pointed crest whose thickness is kept less than
half the height of water on the weir. The flow formula is the same as for the rectangular
weir.
3
2
𝑄 ⋅ 𝐶𝑑1 ⋅ 𝐿 ⋅ √2𝑔 ⋅ 𝐻2
3
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- Ogee weirs : the crest of a weir rises slightly from the point A which is the crest of the
weir with a pointed crest, and after reaching the maximum elevation of 0.115 H, where
H is the height of water above point A, falls in a parabolic form. The flow formula is
the same as that of the rectangle.
2 3
𝑄 ⋅ 𝐶𝑑1 ⋅ 𝐿 ⋅ √2𝑔 ⋅ 𝐻2
3
- Submerged or drowned weirs : it is a weir that has a downstream water level above the
upper surface of the weir. Then the total flow is calculated by dividing the water level,
considering the flow on the upper part as free flow under a water load equal to (H1-H2)
and the discharge on the lower part as submerged discharge under a load of H2.
Figure 8: Submerged or
drowned weir
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𝑄 2 3
1=3⋅𝐶𝑑1 ⋅𝐿⋅√2𝑔⋅(𝐻1−𝐻2)2
𝑄2=𝐶
𝑑1 ⋅𝐿⋅√2𝑔⋅(𝐻1−𝐻2)
3. Experimental
On the experimental side, the above relationships are demonstrated by the experiment
where the height and flow of water are measured by a dial indicator using a hydraulic bench.
With :
2- Rehbock weir
3- weir blade
4- water gauge
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With :
1: thin-walled weir
2: weir blade
3: lowering
V: flow velocity, ho height
W : weir height
- The weir regulates the upstream flow so that it does not cause a rise in water
level that is incompatible with the absorption capacity of the mills or sluices
receiving this water, by keeping the water level constant. It then spreads out the
flood by sending an overflow of water towards a discharge arm.
- It also makes it possible to keep a minimum height of water upstream of a reach,
while maintaining a significant height of water in the river upstream, which also
made it possible to use frost stones for the inverts, the foundations and the lower,
immersed part of the bank masonry.
- The weir can also be used to cause a leakage flow by diverting the river when it
needs to be dammed temporarily to dry it out downstream so that work can be
carried out, such as repairing a riffle or a sluice gate, a wall or a water wheel
support.
- Some are designed as fishways.
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So we can say that the weir acts as a flowmeter by providing us with a relationship
between the flow and the upstream water depth while minimising the sources of uncertainty
that could negate this relationship.
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Conclusion
In short, it can be said that the principles of a weir are generally to provide a constant
flow of water for a particular purpose. This gives us an in-depth view of the use of this element
in civil engineering, as well as a practical explanation of the theory.
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Référence
• https://fr.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9versoir
• Dr Guemou Travaux pratiques MDF
• https://www.gunt.de/fr/produits/deversoirs-a-paroi-mince-pour-hm-
150/070.15003/hm150-03/glct-1:pa-149:pr-550
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