MODULE 2: ACQUIRING BASIC CONCEPT OF RESEARCH

Sanchez (2002)
Research
Defines research as discovery and exploration of the unknown. It involves
an investigation of facts leading to the discovery of new ideas and new methods. It
- Derived from the Old French word cerchier meaning “ to seek or search” proceeds from the known to the unknown. Th end result is the discovery of truth. To
- Prefix re, meaning “again” signifies “replications of the research” arrive at such, the researcher uses a method that suits his chosen field.
- Scientific investigation of phenomena which includes collections,
presentations, analysis, and interpretation of facts that links man’s
speculation with reality Burns & Grove (2007)
- Method of acquiring knowledge based on the specific method of inquiry to
enrich the system of objective knowledge in the fields of natural and social Research is to search or examine again and again or carefully. Research is a
sciences diligent, systematic inquiry or investigation to validate and refine existing knowledge
and generate new knowledge.
3 Reasons Why one seeks exhaustively

1. For more explanations

2. For verifiable truth IMPORTANCE OF RESEARCH
3. To make decisions
Katigbak (2008)

Researchers must not only simply set of results and recommend actions.
What is RESEARCH according to different authors The importance of research should be measured on the context to which they are
being actually carried out.
Parel (1973)

Defined research as a systematic investigation or something in order to

answer the questions posed by the researcher Best & Khan

Described research as “the systematic and objective analysis and

recording of controlled observations that may lead to the development of
Palispis (2001) generalizations, principles, or theories, resulting in prediction and possibly ultimate
control of events
Research is carried out for a specific purpose to answer specific questions
to solve a particular problem or issue. It seeks new knowledge and provides useful
information in the form of verifiable data. It contributes to the attainment of the
development goals of a nation. Research is not only conducted because it is pre- Gall & Barg (2003)
requisite to obtaining a degree, but more so because it can potentially mobilize
Research is conducted in many different settings. Conducting research in
society.
an educational setting is important in every educator’s professional life (Educational
Research, 2011). Education in a research is done to improve these practices.
MODULE 2: ACQUIRING BASIC CONCEPT OF RESEARCH
Education should look at research as a way to develop new understanding about
teaching, learning and educational administration. This new knowledge will lead to the
CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH
improvement of educational practice.

Controlled

Taflinger (1996-2001)
cites two basic importance of research, to learn something or to gather
evidence. To learn something is for our benefit. It is almost impossible for a person
to stop learning. Research is organized learning looking for specific things
to add to our store of knowledge.
All variables except those that are tested or being experimented upon are
kept constant (not allowed to change or vary) so that the changes made on the
subjects of the study can be attributed only to the experimental variable.
- Constant
Systematic

It follows an orderly and sequential procedure that leads to the discovery

of the truth, solution of a problem, or whatever is aimed to be discovered
PURPOSE OF RESEARCH

- Orderly; sequential
The definition of research says that research is
purposive. The main or principal purpose and goal of Empirical
research is the preservation and improvement of the
quality of human life. All kinds of research are directed Any conclusion drawn is based upon hard evidence gathered from
toward this end. “The purpose of research is to serve man,” information collected from real life experience or observation.
and “The goal of research is the good life.”
- Conclusion
Follows are some specific purposes and goals of research:
Rigorous
1) To discover new facts about known phenomena.
This characteristic ensures that the procedures followed to find answer to
2) To find answers to problems which are only partially solved by existing
question are relevant, appropriate and justified. The degree of rigor varies between
methods and information.
the physical and social sciences and within social sciences.
3) Improve existing techniques and develop new instruments or products.
4) To discover previously unrecognized substances or elements.
- Rigorous: thorough and precise approach
5) To order related, valid generalizations into systematized science.
6) To provide basis for decision – making in business, industry, Valid and Verifiable
education ,government, and in other undertakings.
This implies that whatever one can conclude on the basis of the findings is
7) To satisfies the researcher’s curiosity.
correct and can be verified by others, too.
8) To find answer to queries by means of scientific methods.
9) To improve educational practices for raising the quality of school products. - Results should also be verifiable by others too
10) To promote health and prolong life
MODULE 2: ACQUIRING BASIC CONCEPT OF RESEARCH
Critical characteristics

Critical scrutiny of the procedures used and the methods employed is

important toa research inquiry. The process of investigation must be free from any
drawbacks. The process and the procedures used must be able to withstand critical
scrutiny

- Unbiased outcome
- Free from any drawbacks
- Critical: approaching information with a thoughtful and evaluative mindset
- Scrutiny: careful & thorough examination
- Drawbacks: shortcomings, limitations, disadvantages

FALSE Palispis cited that “research is carried out for a specific purpose
to answer specific questions to solve a particular problem or
issue”, year 2002.
FALSE Best & Khan (1994) described research as “the systematic and
objective analysis and recording of controlled observations that
may lead to the development of generalizations, principles, or
theories, resulting in prediction and possibly ultimate control of
events.
TRUE In systematic characteristic of research, the procedures adopted
to undertake an investigation follow a certain logical sequence.
FALSE Verifiable characteristic ensures that the procedures followed to
find answer to question are relevant, appropriate and justified
TRUE In research, empirical as a characteristic connotes for all the
procedures employed and the data gathered are perceived in the
same manner by all observers.
TRUE One purpose of research is to discover new facts about known
phenomena
FALSE One purpose of research is to discover previously recognized
substances or elements.
TRUE If research implies that whatever one can conclude on the basis of
the findings is correct and can be verified by others, too. Then
the research is valid and verifiable
TRUE Two basic importance of research is to learn something or to
gather evidence
FALSE To qualify as research, the process must not have certain