Second Year, First Semester (Eng- 2001)

Law Online (LLB)

2023 - 2024 (Academic Year)

Grammar Section
Lecture Notes
Present Continuous Tense
❖ am, is, are + V-ing [Active Voice] (Subject က ကယ ို တ ို ပ် ပြုလိုပ်သ)ူ
် င
am, is, are + being + V-3 [Passive Voice] (Subject က ခံရသူ)

❖ am, is, are + not +V-ing [Active Voice] (Subject က ကယ ို တ ို ပ် ပြုလိုပ်သ)ူ

် င
am, is, are + not + being + V-3 [Passive Voice] (Subject က ခံရသူ)

❖ am, is, are + subj + V-ing ------? [Active Voice] (Subject က ကယ ို တ ို ပ် ပြုလိုပ်သ)ူ
် င
am, is, are + subj + being + V-3-----?[Passive Voice] (Subject က ခံရသူ)

Notes:
not, always, forever, constantly, adverb (quickly, beautifully---) ပါရင် am, is, are
န ောက်မောထောားပါ။
Examples

1. My younger brother (save) money now because he wants to buy a new watch.
My younger brother is saving money because he wants to buy a new watch.
(Active Voice) (Subject က ကယို တ ို ပ် ပြုလိုပ်သ)ူ
် င

2. The survey about sea pollution (not do) in that shore.

The survey about sea pollution is not being done in that area.
(Passive Voice) (Subject က ခံရသူ)

3. Who you (wait) for now?

Who are you waiting for now?
(Active Voice) (Subject က ကယို တ ို ပ် ပြုလိုပ်သ)ူ
် င
Present Perfect Tense

❖ has, have + V-3 [Active Voice] (Subject က ကယ ို တ ို ပ် ပြုလိုပ်သ)ူ

် င
has, have+ been + V-3 [Passive Voice] (Subject က ခံရသူ)

❖ has, have+ not + V-3 [Active Voice] (Subject က ကယ ို တ ို ပ် ပြုလိုပ်သ)ူ

် င
has, have+ not + been + V-3 [Passive Voice] (Subject က ခံရသူ)

❖ has, have+subj+V-3 -----? [Active Voice](Subject က ကယ ို တ ို ပ် ပြုလိုပ်သ)ူ

် င
has, have+ subj+ been + V-3 ----? [Passive Voice] (Subject က ခံရသူ)

Notes:
not, just, already, recently, ever, never, adverb (quickly, slowly---) ပါရင်
has, have န ောက်မောထောားပါ။
Examples

1. Many books (translate) in English.

Many books have been translated in English.
(Passive Voice) (Subject က ခံရသူ)

2. You (write) your assignment yet?

Have you written your assignment yet?
(Active Voice) (Subject က ကယ ို တ ို ပ် ပြုလိုပ်သ)ူ
် င

3. Carmakers (already shift) the production to focus on more fuel efficient

model.
Carmakers have already shifted the production to focus on more fuel efficient
model.
(Active Voice) (Subject က ကယ ို တ ို ပ် ပြုလိုပ်သ)ူ
် င
Past Perfect Tense

❖ had + V-3 [Active Voice] (Subject က ကယ ို တ ို ပ် ပြုလိုပ်သ)ူ

် င
had + been + V-3 [Passive Voice] (Subject က ခံရသူ)

❖ had + not + V-3 [Active Voice] (Subject က ကယ ို တ ို ပ် ပြုလိုပ်သ)ူ

် င
had + not + been + V-3 [Passive Voice] (Subject က ခံရသူ)

❖ had + subj + V-3 ------? [Active Voice] (Subject က ကယ ို တ ို ပ် ပြုလိုပ်သ)ူ

် င
had + subj+ been + V-3 ----?[Passive Voice] (Subject က ခံရသူ)

Notes:
not, just, already, recently, ever, never, adverb (quickly, slowly---) ပါရင်
had န ောက်မောထောားပါ။
Examples

1. When my father got home, my little sister (already sleep).

When my father got home, my little sister had already slept.
(Active Voice) (Subject က ကယ
ို တ ို ပ် ပြုလိုပ်သ)ူ
် င

2. I (not have) my breakfast until it was the lunch time.

I had not had my breakfast until it was the lunch time
(Active Voice) (Subject က ကယ ို တ
် ငို ပ် ပြုလိုပ်သ)ူ

3. When all the tickets (sell) out?

When have all the tickets been sold out?
(passive Voice) (Subject က ခံရသူ)
Exercises

1. After they (eat) the shellfish, they began to feel sick.

(Use “The Past Perfect Tense”)

2. The grass was dry and yellow because it (not, rain) all summer.
(Use “The Past Perfect Tense”)

3. All her money (waste) on clothes and skincare products.

(Use “The Present Perfect Tense”)

4. Someone (knock) on the door. Can you open it, please?

(Use “The Present Continuous Tense”)

5. Icebergs in the polar regions (melt) now?

(Use “The Present Continuous Tense”)
Answer Keys:

1. After they had eaten the shellfish, they began to feel sick.

2. The grass was dry and yellow because it had not rained all summer.

3. All her money has wasted on clothes and skincare products.

4. Someone is knocking on the door. Can you open it, please?

5. Are icebergs in the polar regions melting now?

Thank You !