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CHAPTER 8 ACIDS, BASES AND SALTS

A1. Dilute sulphuric acid is titrated against 25.0cm3of 1.00 mol/dm3 aqueous sodium hydroxide.
The results of titration are represented by the following graph

What is the concentration of the dilute sulphuric acid?

A. 0.500 mol/dm3 C. 1.00 mol/dm3
B. 0.625 mol/dm3 D. 1.25 mol/dm3 ( )

A2. An aqueous solution has a pH value of 1.

What information does this fact give about the ions present in the solution?
Concentration of H+ ions Concentration of OH- ions
A. High None
B. High Low
C. Low Low
D. Low High ( )

A3. Which of the following substance would not be suitable for preparing zinc sulphate by reacting it with
dilute sulphuric acid?
A. zinc C. zinc hydroxide
B. zinc nitrate D. zinc carbonate ( )

A4. The diagram shows some reactions of copper compounds. Which change is made by adding
dilute acid?

( )

A5. A solution of salt B has the following properties:

(i) No visible change is observed with excess aqueous sodium hydroxide upon warming.
(ii) The solution produces an alkaline gas when warmed with aqueous sodium hydroxide and aluminium
powder.
(iii) No visible change is observed with aqueous barium chloride.
Salt B could be
A. zinc sulphate C. sodium nitrate
B. ammonium nitrate D. lead(II) nitrate ( )
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A6. Which substance below will NOT react with aqueous sodium hydroxide but will react with dilute
hydrochloric acid to form a salt and water?
A. zinc oxide C. lead(II) oxide
B. sulfur dioxide D. magnesium oxide ( )

A7. Small portions of four substances are placed in separate test-tubes. Equal volumes of distilled water (pH 7)
are added to each test-tube and the contents thoroughly stirred. Five drops of the indicator,
phenolphthalein are then added to all four test-tubes. Which substance will cause a change in colour of
phenolphthalein?
A. Tartaric acid C. Aluminium hydroxide
B. Copper (II) oxide D. Sodium oxide ( )

A8. In three experiments, a fixed volume of excess dilute sulfuric acid is reacted with zinc powder, zinc
hydroxide and zinc carbonate separately. In what manner are these three reactions similar?
A. Water is produced in all three reactions.
B. A white precipitate is produced in each case.
C. An aqueous salt solution is formed in each case.
D. A gas that turns moist blue litmus paper red is liberated in all three reactions. ( )

A9. Which two substances when reacted together will not produce an insoluble salt?
A. Aqueous silver nitrate and aqueous potassium chloride.
B. Dilute nitric acid and lead (II) carbonate.
C. Dilute sulfuric acid and aqueous barium chloride.
D. Calcium oxide and dilute sulfuric acid. ( )

A10. Both dilute hydrochloric acid and dilute ethanoic acid

A. React with aqueous rubidium hydroxide to form a salt and water.
B. Undergo partial dissociation in water to generate hydrogen ions.
C. React with silver to liberate a colourless and odourless gas.
D. React with ammonium sulfate to form a salt, water and ammonia. ( )

A11. Sulfuric acid is mainly used

A. As a food preservative. C. To treat the effects of indigestion.
B. In making fertilisers. D. To bleach wood pulp. ( )

A12. In which experiments would the reagents when reacted together, form a salt and water only?
Experiment 1: aluminium hydroxide and dilute nitric acid.
Experiment 2: calcium and dilute hydrochloric acid.
Experiment 3: barium carbonate and dilute nitric acid.
Experiment 4: copper (II) oxide and aqueous sodium hydroxide
Experiment 5: silicon (IV) oxide and aqueous sodium hydroxide.
A. Experiment 2, 3 and 5 C. Experiment 2 and 4
B. Experiment 1, 4 and 5 D. Experiment 1 and 5 ( )

A13. Which one of the substances below is unable to neutralise an acid?

A. Aqueous ammonia C. Aqueous potassium sulfate
B. Iron (II) oxide D. Lead (II) hydroxide ( )

A14. An element burns in oxygen to form an oxide. The oxide is soluble in water and forms a solution of pH
greater than 7. This element could possibly be
A. Carbon C. Copper
B. Nitrogen D. Rubidium ( )
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A15. Which statement below is correct?

A. The stronger the acid, the higher its pH value is.
B. The more dilute an acid becomes, the higher its pH value.
C. The greater the degree of dissociation, the higher the pH is.
D. The greater the hydrogen ion concentration, the higher the pH value is. ( )

A16. From which pair of reagents below, can a salt be made by the titration method?
A. Dilute sulfuric acid and aqueous barium chloride.
B. Dilute nitric acid and copper (II) carbonate
C. Dilute hydrochloric acid and aqueous sodium carbonate.
D. Dilute sulfuric acid and aluminium hydroxide. ( )

A17. Salt PQ is to be prepared by reacting the carbonate of P with the acid HQ. The titration method is used to
carry out the preparation. What are the solubilities of carbonate, the acid and the salt?
The carbonate of P The acid HQ The salt PQ
A. Insoluble Soluble Insoluble
B. Insoluble Soluble Soluble
C. Soluble Insoluble Insoluble
D. Soluble Soluble Soluble ( )

A18. Which pair of reactants is not recommended to prepare a salt?

A. Copper (II) oxide and sulfuric acid C. Lead (II) oxide and sulfuric acid
B. Lead (II) carbonate and nitric acid D. Zinc and hydrochloric acid ( )

B1. a) Dilute sulphuric acid can be used to remove rust, iron(III) oxide, from iron in a process known as
‘pickling’. Write the equation for the reaction between iron(III) oxide and sulphuric acid.
Calculate the maximum mass of rust which could be removed by reaction with 24.5g of sulphuric acid.

b) Explain why litmus paper must be moist before it is used to test for ammonia gas.
Name the ion which changes the colour of litmus.

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c) Excess ethanoic acid, compared to hydrochloric acid, is a more suitable acid to neutralize aqueous
ammonia spilled on a laboratory floor. Explain why.
Write the ionic equation for the reaction between ethanoic acid and aqueous ammonia.

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B2. A student attempted to prepare salt calcium sulfate by reacting calcium carbonate with dilute sulfuric acid.
However, she was unable to obtain a satisfactory yield of the salt.
a) Explain why the yield of the salt calcium sulfate was very low.

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b) Outline an alternative method to prepare a pure, dry sample of calcium sulphate starting from calcium
carbonate.

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B3. a) A certain brand of soap contains the following ingredients:

Water, coconut oil, camphor, chlorophyll, eucalyptus oil and sodium hydroxide.
Sodium hydroxide is an alkali. Define an alkali.

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b) Both aqueous sodium chloride and aqueous ammonium chloride are colourless solutions. Describe
one chemical test that you can conduct in your school laboratory to distinguish between aqueous
sodium chloride and aqueous ammonium chloride. State your observations clearly. The use of any
indicator or data-logger is NOT allowed.

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B4. A first aid book says that a dilute solution of citric acid can be used to treat wasp stings, but is not effective
against bee stings. What can you deduce from this statement about the properties of (a) bee and (b) wasp
stings?

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B5. A list of substances is given in the box below.

Phosphorus (V) oxide Barium oxide Lead (II) oxide Carbon monoxide
Each oxide can be used once, more than once or not at all.
a) From the substances given in the box, identify ONE
i. Basic oxide

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ii. Neutral oxide

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iii. Amphoteric oxide

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b) What type of products are formed when lead (II) oxide reacts with an alkali?

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B6. Magnesium sulfate crystals can be prepared by adding excess magnesium carbonate to dilute sulfuric acid
and the mixture filtered.
a) Write an ionic equation for the reaction between magnesium carbonate and dilute sulfuric acid. State
symbols need NOT be shown.

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b) Effervescence is observed when magnesium carbonate was added to dilute sulfuric acid. Name the gas
evolved and describe a method for identifying it.

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c) Other than magnesium carbonate, name two other reagents that can be used.

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d) From the filtrate obtained, describe how a reasonably dry sample of magnesium sulfate crystals can
be obtained.

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B7. Give the chemical names or chemical formulae of

a) Two salts that can be prepared by Titration.

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b) Two salts that can be prepared by Precipitation.

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B8. You are provided with three substances – aqueous sodium carbonate, dilute nitric acid and copper (II) oxide.
By writing balanced chemical equations only, show how copper (II) carbonate can be obtained using these
three substances. State symbols need not be shown.

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B9. A student tried to prepare a sample of a solid salt by reacting copper (II) carbonate with dilute sulfuric acid in
the laboratory as described below.
Step 1 Half fill a small beaker with dilute sulfuric acid and then warm the acid.
Step 2 Add successive small portions of copper (II) carbonate solid with stirring
to the acid until the carbonate is in excess.
Step 3 Remove excess solid carbonate form the solution.
Step 4 Heat the filtrate.
Step 5 Allow the hot solution to cool slowly.
a) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction between copper (II) carbonate and dilute sulfuric
acid.

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b) Is the reaction in part (a) a redox reaction? Explain your answer.

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c) Why does the student use excess copper (II) carbonate?

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d) How can the student tell from the experiment that the carbonate is in excess?

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e) Why is the filtrate heated in step 4?

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f) What would you observe when a few drops of aqueous ammonia are added to the filtrate obtained?
What change if any, would you observe if aqueous ammonia is now added in excess?

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g) Suggest the reagent(s) that can be used to identify the anion of the salt solution. State the
observation(s) clearly.

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h) Name the method used for the preparation of copper (II) carbonate. Suggest the suitable reagents for
this preparation.

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Answers
A1. B
A2. B
A3. B
A4. A
A5. C
A6. D
A7. D
A8. C
A9. B
A10. A
A11. B
A12. D
A13. C
A14. D
A15. B
A16. C
A17. D
A18. C
B1. a) Fe2O3 + 3H2SO4 → Fe2(SO4)3 + 3H2O[1]
Mol of acid = 24.5/98 = 0.25 mol[0.5]
Mol of iron(III) oxide reacted = 0.25/3 mol[0.5]
Mr of rust = 160
Mass of rust reacted = 0.25/3 160 = 13.3g [0.5, 0.5]
b) OH- ions are only liberated when ammonia reacts with water,
NH3 + H2O → NH4+ + OH- [1]
Hydroxide ion[1]
c) ethanoic acid is a weak acid but hydrochloric is a strong acid [0.5]
hydrochloric acid dissociates completely in water to liberate H+ ions [0.5]
excess of it assed would leave behind a higher concentration of hydrogen ion which is corrosive.[1]
H+ + OH- → H2O
B2. a) Calcium sulphate is an insoluble salt [0.5]. It will form a coating/layer [0.5] around the solid calcium
carbonate [0.5] and prevent it from further reaction [0.5].
b) Add dilute hydrochloric acid/nitric acid to excess calcium carbonate. Filter the mixture to obtain
aqueous calcium chloride/nitrate as the filtrate. Add dilute sulphuric acid/any aqueous sulphate salt
to the filtrate and calcium sulphate is formed as a precipitate. Filter the mixture, rinse the residue
with distilled water and dry between sheets of filter paper. [any point missing minus 0.5].
B3. a) An alkali reacts with an acid to form a salt and water. It also provides hydroxide ions (OH -) when
dissolved in water. It is a soluble base.
b) By adding dilute potassium hydroxide. When dilute potassium hydroxide and sodium chloride react,
they will form potassium chloride and sodium hydroxide. There will be no visible reaction. When
dilute potassium hydroxide and ammonium chloride are heated, it will liberate ammonia gas, which
will turn damp red litmus paper blue, from the ammonium salts and also form a salt and water.
B4. Bee stings are acidic and wasp stings are alkaline.
B5. a) i. Barium oxide
ii. Carbon monoxide
iii. Lead (II) oxide
b) Salts and water
B6. a) MgCO3 + 2H+ → Mg2+ + H2O + CO2
b) Carbon dioxide was evolved. Bubble carbon dioxide through a test tube containing calcium hydroxide
(limewater). The carbon dioxide will react with the calcium hydroxide (limewater) to form an
insoluble white precipitate.
c) Magnesium hydroxide and magnesium.
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d) Place the solution in an evaporating dish and heat it. Take caution not to heat to dryness and only
heat until the solution is saturated. Test for saturation by dipping a clean, cold glass rod into the
solution from time to time. When the solution is saturated, crystals will form on the glass rod. Leave
the solution to cool down and crystallise when it has reached saturation. Filter to collect the crystals
and wash it with a little distilled water to remove impurities. Dry the crystals between a few sheets of
filter paper.
B7. a) NaCl and K2SO4
OR
NH4 or Na2SO4, any of “SPA” salts
b) AgCl, AgI, PbCl2, PbI2, BaSO4, PbSO4, CaSO4 (Choose any two)
B8. 2HNO3 + CuO → Cu(NO3)2 + H2O
Cu(NO3)2 + Na2CO3 → CuCO3 + 2NaNO3
B9. a) CuCO3 (s) + H2SO4 (aq) → CuSO4 (aq) + CO2 + H2O
b) No, it is not a redox reaction. The oxidation state of the reactants remained unchanged during the
reaction.
c) To ensure all the sulfuric acid has been used up. If not the resulting salt will be contaminated by the
acid.
d) There will be no more effervescence observed. Stir until no more green solid, CuCO3 can be dissolved.
e) To allow crystals to form by making a saturated solution.
f) A blue precipitate that is soluble in excess to form dark blue solution.
g) Add dilute nitric acid and aqueous barium nitrate. A white precipitate of barium sulfate is formed.
h) Precipitation. Copper (II) nitrate and sodium carbonate.