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Researchpaper Impact of Urbanization On Rivers of Chennai
Researchpaper Impact of Urbanization On Rivers of Chennai
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Kavitha Anbanandan
Anna University, Chennai
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Article outline:
1. Introduction
2. Importance of rivers through ages
2.1. Outlook of the riverfronts
2.1.1. Commercial
2.1.2. Cultural
2.1.3. Educational & environmental,
2.1.4. Historic
2.1.5. Recreational
2.1.6. Residential,
2.1.7. Working & transportation.
3. Transformations of riverfronts
4. Causes for transformation
4.1. Flood plain and flood way
4.2. River water-hydrological cycle:
5. Urban river estuaries
6. Case of an urban river in Chennai- cooum river
6.1. Present status of Cooum River…
6.2. Results of transformation
6.3. Problems in Urban zone
6.4. Solutions and guidelines…
6.5. Design Interventions . . .
7. Conclusions
8. References
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International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 4, Issue 5, May-2013 397
ISSN 2229-5518
As we know, 98% of water on the planet is available as • Industrial use - river water used for cooling its
saline in the oceans and therefore unusable for drinking. machines
Fresh water is naturally negligible to only 2%, of which the
majority is in the form of glaciers and polar ice caps. • Rivers as natural boundaries between countries -
Roughly, 0.36 % is in underground aquifers, and about the the Mekong River separates Laos from Thailand
same makes up to our land bodies like lakes and rivers.
Though our earth is surrounded by water, the usable 2.1. Based on the different uses of rivers,
portion is very minimal. With the constant increase in the outlook of the riverfronts
population, researchers say that the water resources cannot changes as,
suffice this huge mass of people and that it will become
even scarcer in near future. 2.1.1. Commercial,
When Water had become a commodity, the river
Another point to be noted is, this huge demand for water fronts had obviously become a commodity.
has drastically changed the water quality because of
excessive pollution on the available water. 2.1.2. Cultural,
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In today’s context people interpret rivers as a carriage As part of the beliefs and practices followed by the
where they dump all the garbage and let out sewers into people in most of the religions, waterfronts serve
the waterways. as a dwelling place for the socio-cultural activities.
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because of one main invasion which is
“urbanization”. By definition, change means to
give a completely different form or appearance to,
but progress suggests forward movement or
advancement. Many of these changes are fine, as
long as it means progress but in vain.
Population growth; densification; slum Fig.3. Natural process of a river showing hydrologic cycle
development
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International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 4, Issue 5, May-2013 399
ISSN 2229-5518
A river which is nourishing in terms of its hydrological rural zone (32km) is still utilized for agriculture and for
cycle enriches the 3 main ecosystems namely the aquatic water supply. Whereas the peri urban (24 km) and urban
(water ecosystem), riparian (water and land and the upland zone (16km) suffer in great water pollution through solid
(land). waste dumping and encroachments.
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Fig. 5. Adyar Estuary, Chennai - Impacts of urbanization
Cooum is presently a river spoiled by filth and Blockage by sandbar resulting from littoral drift at
pollution and the water quality is considered to be the mouth, no free flow to the sea. The river bed
highly toxic and completely non-potable. level at mouth is below mean sea level.(#-1.0m)
The 2004 tsunami cleaned the mouth of the river - Heavy pollution load- high BOD, low or nil DO,
but the pollution is back within a short period. high SSC.
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LAND USE CHANGE – when river fronts are not
Land values near cooum are depressed.
user friendly.
Non –coverage by the sewerage system of approx. Measures like bioremediation techniques can be
30% of the population along the banks of the adapted to decolorize and de-odorize the existing
cooum. water.
Flooding and overflowing during monsoon; slow Mouth of the river should be widened and
flow and stagnation (dry season) measures to desilt the sand bars like groynes.
IJSER © 2013
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International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 4, Issue 5, May-2013 401
ISSN 2229-5518
Fig.8. Fill reduces flood plain storage and conveyance -Remaining think I am okay with many of these changes, as long as it
floodplain storage and conveyance means progress. Saving living creatures and taking out old
rusty, broken or dangerous structures and replacing them
with modern, state of the art technology or an attractive
village, well, I'd call that progress.
6.5.1.B. Perpendicular to the river: Dirk Walther, 2007 pollution status of waterways,
northern Chennai, centre for environmental studies,
Selected zones of river edge development that brings in Anna University, Chennai 25.
accessibility and usability across the river to form an
intermediate link with river.
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8.2. Reports …
Fig. 9. Cooum river zones of intervention Environmental management agency of tamilnadu
(2007), Chennai waterways outfall survey, PWD
Chennai.